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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Hong Kong Grocery Shopping Dialog Task (HK-GSDT): A Quick Screening Test for Neurocognitive Disorders
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 20 ( 2022-10-15), p. 13302-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 20 ( 2022-10-15), p. 13302-
    Abstract: The Hong Kong Grocery Shopping Dialog Task (HK-GSDT) is a short and easy-to-administer cognitive test developed for quickly screening neurocognitive disorders (NCDs). In the test, participants are instructed to do a hypothetical instrumental activity of daily living task of purchasing ingredients for a dish from a grocery store and verbally describe the specific shopping procedures. The current study aimed to validate the test with a sample of 545 Hong Kong older adults (58.8% female; aged 73.4 ± 8.37 years), including 464 adults with normal cognitive function, 39 with mild NCD, and 42 with major NCD. Demographic characteristics (i.e., sex, age, education) and clinical diagnosis of cognitive states (i.e., major NCD, mild NCD, and normal aging) were collected. Cognitive functioning was measured using the HK-GSDT and several standardized NCD-screening tests. The results showed good reliability (i.e., internal consistency) and structural validity in the HK-GSDT. It discriminated among different cognitive conditions, particularly between major NCDs and the other conditions, as effectively as did the existing standardized neurocognitive tests (e.g., Montreal Cognitive Assessment, Hong Kong List Learning Test). Moreover, the HK-GSDT explained additional variance of cognitive condition on top of those standardized neurocognitive tests. These results indicate that the HK-GSDT can be used alone, or in combination with other tests, to screen for NCDs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013302
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Commonality and variation in mental representations of music revealed by a cross-cultural comparison of rhythm priors in 15 countries
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2024
    In:  Nature Human Behaviour Vol. 8, No. 5 ( 2024-03-04), p. 846-877
    Details
    In: Nature Human Behaviour, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 8, No. 5 ( 2024-03-04), p. 846-877
    Abstract: Music is present in every known society but varies from place to place. What, if anything, is universal to music cognition? We measured a signature of mental representations of rhythm in 39 participant groups in 15 countries, spanning urban societies and Indigenous populations. Listeners reproduced random ‘seed’ rhythms; their reproductions were fed back as the stimulus (as in the game of ‘telephone’), such that their biases (the prior) could be estimated from the distribution of reproductions. Every tested group showed a sparse prior with peaks at integer-ratio rhythms. However, the importance of different integer ratios varied across groups, often reflecting local musical practices. Our results suggest a common feature of music cognition: discrete rhythm ‘categories’ at small-integer ratios. These discrete representations plausibly stabilize musical systems in the face of cultural transmission but interact with culture-specific traditions to yield the diversity that is evident when mental representations are probed across many cultures.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2397-3374
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41562-023-01800-9
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2885046-4
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modulation of Functional Connectivity and Low-Frequency Fluctuations After Brain-Computer Interface-Guided Robot Hand Training in Chronic Stroke: A 6-Month Follow-Up Study
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Human Neuroscience Vol. 14 ( 2021-1-20)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 14 ( 2021-1-20)
    Abstract: Hand function improvement in stroke survivors in the chronic stage usually plateaus by 6 months. Brain-computer interface (BCI)-guided robot-assisted training has been shown to be effective for facilitating upper-limb motor function recovery in chronic stroke. However, the underlying neuroplasticity change is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the whole-brain neuroplasticity changes after 20-session BCI-guided robot hand training, and whether the changes could be maintained at the 6-month follow-up. Therefore, the clinical improvement and the neurological changes before, immediately after, and 6 months after training were explored in 14 chronic stroke subjects. The upper-limb motor function was assessed by Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) and Fugl-Meyer Assessment for Upper-Limb (FMA), and the neurological changes were assessed using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. Repeated-measure ANOVAs indicated that long-term motor improvement was found by both FMA (F [2,26] = 6.367, p = 0.006) and ARAT (F [2,26] = 7.230, p = 0.003). Seed-based functional connectivity analysis exhibited that significantly modulated FC was observed between ipsilesional motor regions (primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area) and contralesional areas (supplementary motor area, premotor cortex, and superior parietal lobule), and the effects were sustained after 6 months. The fALFF analysis showed that local neuronal activities significantly increased in central, frontal and parietal regions, and the effects were also sustained after 6 months. Consistent results in FC and fALFF analyses demonstrated the increase of neural activities in sensorimotor and fronto-parietal regions, which were highly involved in the BCI-guided training. Clinical Trial Registration: This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with clinical trial registration number NCT02323061.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-5161
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.611064
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2425477-0
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Neural preservation underlies speech improvement from auditory deprivation in young cochlear implant recipients
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2018
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 115, No. 5 ( 2018-01-30)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 115, No. 5 ( 2018-01-30)
    Abstract: Although cochlear implantation enables some children to attain age-appropriate speech and language development, communicative delays persist in others, and outcomes are quite variable and difficult to predict, even for children implanted early in life. To understand the neurobiological basis of this variability, we used presurgical neural morphological data obtained from MRI of individual pediatric cochlear implant (CI) candidates implanted younger than 3.5 years to predict variability of their speech-perception improvement after surgery. We first compared neuroanatomical density and spatial pattern similarity of CI candidates to that of age-matched children with normal hearing, which allowed us to detail neuroanatomical networks that were either affected or unaffected by auditory deprivation. This information enables us to build machine-learning models to predict the individual children’s speech development following CI. We found that regions of the brain that were unaffected by auditory deprivation, in particular the auditory association and cognitive brain regions, produced the highest accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity in patient classification and the most precise prediction results. These findings suggest that brain areas unaffected by auditory deprivation are critical to developing closer to typical speech outcomes. Moreover, the findings suggest that determination of the type of neural reorganization caused by auditory deprivation before implantation is valuable for predicting post-CI language outcomes for young children.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717603115
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A VIEW OF THE NEURAL REPRESENTATION OF SECOND LANGUAGE SYNTAX THROUGH ARTIFICIAL LANGUAGE LEARNING UNDER IMPLICIT CONTEXTS OF EXPOSURE
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2015
    In:  Studies in Second Language Acquisition Vol. 37, No. 2 ( 2015-06), p. 383-419
    Details
    In: Studies in Second Language Acquisition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 37, No. 2 ( 2015-06), p. 383-419
    Abstract: The current study aims to make an initial neuroimaging contribution to central implicit-explicit issues in second language (L2) acquisition by considering how implicit and explicit contexts mediate the neural representation of L2. Focusing on implicit contexts, the study employs a longitudinal design to examine the neural representation of L2 syntax and also considers how the neural circuits underlying L2 syntax vary among learners who exhibit different levels of performance on linguistic and cognitive tasks. Results suggest that when exposed to a L2 under an implicit context, some learners are able to quickly rely on neural circuits associated with first language grammar and procedural memory, whereas other learners increasingly use extralinguistic neural circuits related to control mechanisms to process syntax. Thus, there may be multiple ways in which L2 is represented neurally, at least when learned under implicit contexts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0272-2631 , 1470-1545
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0272263115000030
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    RVK:
    HC 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 435303-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2002746-1
    SSG: 7,11
    SSG: 5,3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Native Language Perceptual Sensitivity Predicts Nonnative Speech Perception Differently in Younger and Older Singaporean Bilinguals
    American Speech Language Hearing Association ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
    Details
    In: Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, American Speech Language Hearing Association
    Abstract: We investigate in this study how individual variability in native language speech perception (termed Perceptual Sensitivity ) influences nonnative speech perception in Singaporean Tamil–English bilinguals. Further, we assess if and how contextual and demographic factors influence Perceptual Sensitivity in the acquired languages and if the influence of Perceptual Sensitivity on nonnative speech perception is different across younger and older bilinguals. Method: Perceptual Sensitivity in the native languages was examined by implementing Tamil and English gating tasks in 87 Singaporean Tamil–English bilinguals from two age groups (younger: 19–33 years; older: 55–70 years). Mandarin lexical tone discrimination was implemented as a measure of nonnative speech perception. Results: There was a wide range of variability in Perceptual Sensitivity scores in both languages across both age groups. Perceptual Sensitivity in the first native language (L1 Tamil) was a robust predictor of nonnative speech perception across both age groups, especially for the older bilinguals. However, general intelligence emerged as a stronger predictor than Tamil Perceptual Sensitivity in younger bilinguals. The influence of Tamil Perceptual Sensitivity on lexical tone perception was not tone-specific, supporting a general enhancement of lexical tone perception with better Tamil Perceptual Sensitivity. There was an influence of demographic factors on English Perceptual Sensitivity in older bilinguals, but not for Tamil and not in younger bilinguals. Conclusions: Our findings corroborate with previous studies in showing that native language Perceptual Sensitivity is positively associated with and predicts nonnative speech perception in younger and older adulthood regardless of language similarity but to varying degrees. Specifically, the influence of Perceptual Sensitivity on nonnative speech perception is stronger in older adulthood, suggesting a possible shift in reliance on crystallized language knowledge with age. Proficiency and use, among other demographic and language variables, do not appear to influence L1 Perceptual Sensitivity in a lesser used language (Tamil) as significantly as previously assumed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1092-4388 , 1558-9102
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1044/2022_JSLHR-22-00199
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Speech Language Hearing Association
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1364086-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2070420-3
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    ASPM -lexical tone association in speakers of a tone language: Direct evidence for the genetic-biasing hypothesis of language evolution
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2020
    In:  Science Advances Vol. 6, No. 22 ( 2020-05-29)
    Details
    In: Science Advances, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 6, No. 22 ( 2020-05-29)
    Abstract: How language has evolved into more than 7000 varieties today remains a question that puzzles linguists, anthropologists, and evolutionary scientists. The genetic-biasing hypothesis of language evolution postulates that genes and language features coevolve, such that a population that is genetically predisposed to perceiving a particular linguistic feature would tend to adopt that feature in their language. Statistical studies that correlated a large number of genetic variants and linguistic features not only generated this hypothesis but also specifically pinpointed a linkage between ASPM and lexical tone. However, there is currently no direct evidence for this association and, therefore, the hypothesis. In an experimental study, we provide evidence to link ASPM with lexical tone perception in a sample of over 400 speakers of a tone language. In addition to providing the first direct evidence for the genetic-biasing hypothesis, our results have implications for further studies of linguistic anthropology and language disorders.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2375-2548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba5090
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2810933-8
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Early Development of Neural Speech Encoding Depends on Age but Not Native Language Status: Evidence From Lexical Tone
    MIT Press ; 2021
    In:  Neurobiology of Language
    Details
    In: Neurobiology of Language, MIT Press
    Abstract: We investigated the development of early-latency and long-latency brain responses to native and non-native speech to shed light on the neurophysiological underpinnings of perceptual narrowing and early language development. Specifically, we postulated a two-level process to explain the decrease in sensitivity to non-native phonemes towards the end of infancy. Neurons at the earlier stages of the ascending auditory pathway mature rapidly during infancy facilitating the encoding of both native and non-native sounds. This growth enables neurons at the later stages of the auditory pathway to assign phonological status to speech according to the infant’s native language environment. To test this hypothesis, we collected early-latency and long-latency neural responses to native and non-native lexical tones from 85 Cantonese-learning children aged between 23 days and 24 months, 16 days. As expected, a broad range of presumably subcortical early-latency neural encoding measures grew rapidly and substantially during the first two years for both native and non-native tones. By contrast, long-latency cortical electrophysiological changes occurred on a much slower scale and showed sensitivity to nativeness at around six months. Our study provided a comprehensive understanding of early language development by revealing the complementary roles of earlier and later stages of speech processing in the developing brain.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2641-4368
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1162/nol_a_00049
    Language: English
    Publisher: MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3011523-1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Remediation of a phonological representation deficit in Chinese children with dyslexia: A comparison between metalinguistic training and working memory training
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Developmental Science Vol. 24, No. 3 ( 2021-05)
    Details
    In: Developmental Science, Wiley, Vol. 24, No. 3 ( 2021-05)
    Abstract: A form‐preparation task in the language production field was adopted to examine output phonological representations in Chinese dyslexia and their susceptibility to training. Forty‐one Chinese children with dyslexia (7–11 years old) and 36 chronological age controls completed this task. The controls demonstrated a marginally significant syllable facilitation effect ( d  = −0.13), indicating their use of syllable‐sized phonological representations during speech production, while the group with dyslexia showed a significantly different pattern ( d  = 0.04), opposite to the direction of a facilitation effect. The children with dyslexia were then randomly assigned to either metalinguistic training ( N  = 22) or working memory training ( N  = 19). Only the metalinguistic training subgroup demonstrated a significant syllable facilitation effect afterward (metalinguistic: d  = −0.13; working memory: d  = −0.01). The results suggest the presence of a phonological representation deficit at the syllable level in Chinese dyslexia and its possible remediation by metalinguistic training. Such a phonological deficit in readers of a logographic script strongly supports the impaired phonological representation view of developmental dyslexia. A video abstract of this article can be viewed at https://youtu.be/zT2Be0xMkh0 .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1363-755X , 1467-7687
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/desc.v24.3
    DOI: 10.1111/desc.13065
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1406101-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2023952-X
    SSG: 5,2
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Large-scale Cortical Network Properties Predict Future Sound-to-Word Learning Success
    MIT Press ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Vol. 24, No. 5 ( 2012-05-01), p. 1087-1103
    Details
    In: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, MIT Press, Vol. 24, No. 5 ( 2012-05-01), p. 1087-1103
    Abstract: The human brain possesses a remarkable capacity to interpret and recall novel sounds as spoken language. These linguistic abilities arise from complex processing spanning a widely distributed cortical network and are characterized by marked individual variation. Recently, graph theoretical analysis has facilitated the exploration of how such aspects of large-scale brain functional organization may underlie cognitive performance. Brain functional networks are known to possess small-world topologies characterized by efficient global and local information transfer, but whether these properties relate to language learning abilities remains unknown. Here we applied graph theory to construct large-scale cortical functional networks from cerebral hemodynamic (fMRI) responses acquired during an auditory pitch discrimination task and found that such network properties were associated with participants' future success in learning words of an artificial spoken language. Successful learners possessed networks with reduced local efficiency but increased global efficiency relative to less successful learners and had a more cost-efficient network organization. Regionally, successful and less successful learners exhibited differences in these network properties spanning bilateral prefrontal, parietal, and right temporal cortex, overlapping a core network of auditory language areas. These results suggest that efficient cortical network organization is associated with sound-to-word learning abilities among healthy, younger adults.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0898-929X , 1530-8898
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_00210
    Language: English
    Publisher: MIT Press
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1007410-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475255-4
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
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