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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trapeziometacarpal Osteoarthritis Anatomy, Biomechanics, Epidemiology, And Diagnosis
    Index Copernicus ; 2022
    In:  Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2022-12-31), p. 399-406
    Details
    In: Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja, Index Copernicus, Vol. 24, No. 6 ( 2022-12-31), p. 399-406
    Abstract: Arthritis is the most common joint disease. It impairs patients quality of life on account of the associated chronic pain and loss of joint function. The thumb is the most important digit of the hand and trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis (carpometacarpal arthritis / CMC-1 arthritis) may significantly compromise functions of the entire hand. CMC-1 arthritis produces several non-specific symptoms, affecting mainly postmenopausal women. The risk of developing CMC-1 arthritis increases with age.Considering these facts, knowledge about the etiopathogenesis and diagnosis of CMC-1 arthritis should be widely disseminated and based on evidence-based medicine. The first step in the diagnostic work-up is a detailed history and clinical examination where the use of more sensitive tests than the grind test, e.g. the pressure-shear test, is recommended. It is advisable to widen the classic radiographic views with additional thumb projections such as Roberts view. The use of magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography is only advised in special individual cases.This paper aims to present the most up-to-date knowledge about: (1) the anatomy and biomechanics of the trapeziometacarpal joint, (2) the epidemiology of CMC-1 arthritis and (3) its diagnosis. It is based on the latest literature (mainly works published in the last 5 years) acquired from databases such as PubMed, Clinical Key and Science Direct. The article is the first of a two-part series that presents a diagnostic-therapeutic algorithm for CMC-1 arthritis. The authors believe that it may contribute to broadening knowledge about CMC-1 arthritis, optimizing the therapeutic process and improving care for patients with CMC-1 arthritis in Poland.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1509-3492 , 2084-4336
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5604/15093492
    DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0016.2322
    Language: English
    Publisher: Index Copernicus
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2629930-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparison of US and EU Prices for Orphan Drugs in the Perspective of the Considered US Orphan Drugs Act Modifications and Discussed Price-Regulation Mechanisms Adjustments in US and European Union
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 19, No. 19 ( 2022-09-24), p. 12098-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 19 ( 2022-09-24), p. 12098-
    Abstract: The 2019 worldwide sales of Orphan Drugs were estimated at $136 billion USD, which constituted 16% of the global pharmaceutical prescription market and is expected to grow by 12% in the next 5 years. A better understanding of Orphan Drug pricing may contribute to on-going discussions on Orphan Drug Act (ODA) corrections in US or modifications of price setting mechanisms in EU. The objective of the study was comparison and analysis of the prices of Orphan Drugs in US and EU. All drugs with Orphan Drug status were compared in the US and EU. For the US prices, the US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) was sourced. The EU List Prices came from six EU countries: Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Poland, Spain. We found US prices to be higher than the six selected EU countries. The average Price Ratio was 1.64. The prices across EU countries were more homogeneous, while the number of the reimbursed and therefore available to patient medicines varied and was correlated with GDP per capita r = 0.87. Considered implementation of the External Reference Price system in US may generate significant savings in the US but may result in upward pressure on pricing of Orphan Drugs in EU. Centralization of the Orphan Drugs pricing negotiations in EU may prevent such development and offer a win-win opportunity for all involved parties.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1660-4601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912098
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2175195-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Costs of diabetes and its complications in Poland
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2014
    In:  The European Journal of Health Economics Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2014-7), p. 653-660
    Details
    In: The European Journal of Health Economics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2014-7), p. 653-660
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1618-7598 , 1618-7601
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10198-013-0513-0
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2011428-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    “Green” Managerial Delegation and Environmental Corporate Social Responsibility in Different Market Structures
    Emerald ; 2019
    In:  Central European Management Journal Vol. 27, No. 4 ( 2019-12-15), p. 2-22
    Details
    In: Central European Management Journal, Emerald, Vol. 27, No. 4 ( 2019-12-15), p. 2-22
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2658-0845 , 2658-2430
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.7206/cemj.2658-0845
    DOI: 10.7206/cemj.2658-0845.7
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Emerald
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3072761-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2866840-6
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Powołanie się na fakt nabycia własności rzeczy lub praw majątkowych w toku czynności sprawdzających jako przesłanka zastosowania sankcyjnej stawki podatku od spadków i darowizn
    Foundation Pro Scientia Publica ; 2020
    In:  Ogrody Nauk i Sztuk Vol. 5, No. 5 ( 2020-02-03), p. 111-115
    Details
    In: Ogrody Nauk i Sztuk, Foundation Pro Scientia Publica, Vol. 5, No. 5 ( 2020-02-03), p. 111-115
    Abstract: Przedmiotem opracowania jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie – czy w czasie czynności sprawdzających podatnik może powołać się na fakt nabycia własności rzeczy lub praw majątkowych w drodze darowizny lub polecenia darczyńcy ? Ustawodawca w art. 272 ustawy z dn. 29 VIII 1997 roku (tekst jedn.: Dz. U. z 2012 r., poz. 749) wskazał, że czynności sprawdzające powinny ograniczyć się do czynności formalnych związanych m.in. ze sprawdzeniem terminowości składania deklaracji. Poprzestając na analizie powyższego artykułu, stwierdzić należy, iż w czasie czynności sprawdzających nie istnieje możliwość powołania się przez podatnika na fakt otrzymania darowizny. Jednakże z art. 274a O.p. wynika, iż organ podatkowy może żądać złożenia wyjaśnień w sprawie przyczyn niezłożenia deklaracji lub wezwać do jej złożenia, jeśli deklaracja nie została złożona mimo takiego obowiązku. Z kolei w paragrafie 2 ustawodawca stwierdził, że w razie wątpliwości organ podatkowy może wezwać do udzielenia, w wyznaczonym terminie, niezbędnych wyjaśnień. Z powyższych względów może powstać wątpliwość, czy w trakcie składania wyjaśnień w toku czynności sprawdzających można powołać się na fakt otrzymania darowiznach. Na szczególną uwagę zasługuje także brak odesłania w sprawach nieuregulowanych w przepisach dotyczących czynności sprawdzających do rozdziału 11 o dowodach w Ordynacji podatkowej. Taki sposób legislacji powoduje, że pozycja podatnika składającego wyjaśnienia w toku czynności sprawdzających jest słabsza aniżeli podatnika, który jest przesłuchiwany na podstawie art. 199 O.p.  W artykule poza propozycjami zmian poszczególnych przepisów ustawy – o Ordynacja podatkowa zostanie także przedstawiony dorobek doktryny i judykatury w omawianym zakresie.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2084-1426 , 2084-1426
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.15503/onis2015.111.115
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Foundation Pro Scientia Publica
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2737893-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Corporate social responsibility and market entry
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Bulletin of Economic Research Vol. 75, No. 3 ( 2023-07), p. 625-640
    Details
    In: Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley, Vol. 75, No. 3 ( 2023-07), p. 625-640
    Abstract: Is the decision of firms to pursue social interest and promote social progress philanthropic or motivated by strategic reasons? Using a simple Spence–Dixit entry model game with homogeneous goods, this paper studies the possible anticompetitive effect of the adoption of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the form of “consumer friendliness” (i.e., firms’ attention to the welfare of consumers). It is shown that, when the market becomes contestable, the incumbent can select to adopt CSR to hamper to a greater extent the potential entrant, regardless of its choice to engage in CSR activities. In other words, CSR can become a strategic barrier to entry.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0307-3378 , 1467-8586
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/boer.v75.3
    DOI: 10.1111/boer.12374
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473655-X
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Wydolność systemów ochrony zdrowia w obliczu postępu technologicznego w medycynie
    Kozminski University ; 2012
    In:  Management and Business Administration. Central Europe , No. 6(119) ( 2012-12-15), p. 98-111
    Details
    In: Management and Business Administration. Central Europe, Kozminski University, , No. 6(119) ( 2012-12-15), p. 98-111
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2084-3356
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.7206/mba.ce.2084.3356
    DOI: 10.7206/mba.ce.2084-3356.38
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Kozminski University
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2866840-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2673381-X
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Trapeziometacarpal Osteoarthritis. Conservative and Surgical Treatment. A Diagnostic-Therapeutic Algorithm
    Index Copernicus ; 2023
    In:  Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2023-2-28), p. 23-32
    Details
    In: Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja, Index Copernicus, Vol. 25, No. 1 ( 2023-2-28), p. 23-32
    Abstract: Trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis (carpometacarpal arthritis / CMC-1 arthritis) is a common cause of chronic thumb pain and may significantly worsen patients quality of life. The thumb is the most important digit of the hand. A diagnostic-therapeutic algorithm for CMC-1 arthritis should be widely known and based on up-to-date evidence-based medical knowledge. The literature describes many medical and surgical treatment approaches. The methods used vary between hospitals and clinics. They also depend on patients financial capabilities and many other factors.Medical (conservative) treatment appears to be effective in 60% of cases, in particular when the synergy of combining several treatment methods is taken advantage of. The most commonly performed surgical procedures in CMC-1 arthritis fall into two major groups, namely trapeziectomy or arthroplasty. However, there is no proof of superiority of one surgical treatment method over the others, and all of them have their advantages and disadvantages.This paper aims to present the most up-to-date knowledge about: (1) conservative and (2) surgical treatments for CMC-1 arthritis and (3) to propose a diagnostic-therapeutic algorithm for this condition. It is based on the latest literature (mainly works published in the last 5 years) acquired from databases such as PubMed, Clinical Key and Science Direct. The article is the second of a two-part series that presents a diagnostic-therapeutic algorithm for CMC-1 arthritis. The authors believe that it may contribute to broadening knowledge about CMC-1 arthritis, optimizing the therapeutic process and improving care for patients with CMC-1 arthritis in Poland.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1509-3492 , 2084-4336
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5604/15093492
    DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0053.4027
    Language: English
    Publisher: Index Copernicus
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2629930-6
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