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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tillage, cover crops, and nitrogen fertilization effects on soil nitrogen and cotton and sorghum yields
    Elsevier BV ; 2006
    In:  European Journal of Agronomy Vol. 25, No. 4 ( 2006-11), p. 372-382
    Details
    In: European Journal of Agronomy, Elsevier BV, Vol. 25, No. 4 ( 2006-11), p. 372-382
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1161-0301
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eja.2006.07.005
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016158-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Agricultural Management Practices to Sustain Crop Yields and Improve Soil and Environmental Qualities
    Hindawi Limited ; 2003
    In:  The Scientific World JOURNAL Vol. 3 ( 2003), p. 768-789
    Details
    In: The Scientific World JOURNAL, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 3 ( 2003), p. 768-789
    Abstract: In the past several decades, agricultural management practices consisting of intensive tillage and high rate of fertilization to improve crop yields have resulted in the degradation of soil and environmental qualities by increasing erosion and nutrient leaching in the groundwater and releasing greenhouses gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O), that cause global warming in the atmosphere by oxidation of soil organic matter. Consequently, management practices that sustain crop yields and improve soil and environmental qualities are needed. This paper reviews the findings of the effects of tillage practices, cover crops, and nitrogen (N) fertilization rates on crop yields, soil organic carbon (C) and N concentrations, and nitrate (NO 3 )-N leaching from the soil. Studies indicate that conservation tillage, such as no-till or reduced till, can increase soil organic C and N concentrations at 0- to 20-cm depth by as much as 7–17% in 8 years compared with conventional tillage without significantly altering crop yields. Similarly, cover cropping and 80–180 kg N ha –1 year –1 fertilization can increase soil organic C and N concentrations by as much as 4–12% compared with no cover cropping or N fertilization by increasing plant biomass and amount of C and N inputs to the soil. Reduced till, cover cropping, and decreased rate of N fertilization can reduce soil N leaching compared with conventional till, no cover cropping, and full rate of N fertilization. Management practices consisting of combinations of conservation tillage, mixture of legume and nonlegume cover crops, and reduced rate of N fertilization have the potentials for sustaining crop yields, increasing soil C and N storage, and reducing soil N leaching, thereby helping to improve soil and water qualities. Economical and social analyses of such practices are needed to find whether they are cost effective and acceptable to the farmers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1537-744X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2003.62
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2003
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2075968-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    170 Tomato Flowering and Fruiting under Reduced Tillage
    American Society for Horticultural Science ; 1999
    In:  HortScience Vol. 34, No. 3 ( 1999-06), p. 471D-471
    Details
    In: HortScience, American Society for Horticultural Science, Vol. 34, No. 3 ( 1999-06), p. 471D-471
    Abstract: Reduced tillage saves energy and safeguards soil against erosion. While it is widely used for these reasons in producing agronomic crops, it has yet to find acceptance in vegetable cultivation. The main obstacle is the lack of knowledge of the growth and developmental responses of intensively managed vegetable crops to reduced tillage operations. Therefore, this study was performed to determine the effect of different tillage levels on vegetative growth and flowering and fruiting of tomatoes. The following tillage treatments were applied in a randomized complete-block design to a field that was cover cropped with vetch during winter T 2 produced maximum vegetative dry weight/plant: 1) fall mold-board + spring no-till (T 1 ), 2) fall mold-board + spring chisel (T 2 ), and 3) fall chisel + spring chisel (T 3 ). The number of flowers/plant were highest in T 1 , followed by T 2 and T 3 , respectively. There was a 14: 1 ratio between the number of flowers and fruit set. The number of fruit in T 1 and T 2 were similar, and significantly greater than in T 3 . The fruit weight of T 1 was similar to T 2 but significantly greater than T 3 .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0018-5345 , 2327-9834
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.34.3.471D
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Society for Horticultural Science
    Publication Date: 1999
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Nitrogen Assimilation and Biomass Yield of Winter Cover Crops Used in Sustainable Horticultural Crop Production
    American Society for Horticultural Science ; 1998
    In:  HortScience Vol. 33, No. 3 ( 1998-06), p. 495a-495
    Details
    In: HortScience, American Society for Horticultural Science, Vol. 33, No. 3 ( 1998-06), p. 495a-495
    Abstract: Cover crops are planted during winter to prevent soil erosion, improve soil quality, and supply nutrients to the subsequent spring crops. In a 2-year study, three winter cover crops were compared for their nitrogen assimilation and biomass yielding ability. The experimental design was randomized complete block replicated four times with cereal rye, hairy vetch, crimson clover, and a fallow control comprising the treatments. Cover crop roots were well distributed from 1 to 50 cm of soil depth and increased from fall to spring as temperature increased. There was greater reduction in soil inorganic N during fall and winter in cover crop plots compared to control. Early season soil NO – 3 concentration was lower in rye than crimson clover or hairy vetch. The amount of N assimilated by hairy vetch and crimson clover was significantly greater than cereal rye or control. There was no difference in the biomass yield of the three cover crops during the first year, but cereal rye and crimson clover produced significantly greater biomass than hairy vetch during the second year. The results suggest that cereal rye is more suited for preventing leaching of residual N from the preceding summer crop, while the two legumes can supply more N to the following crop.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0018-5345 , 2327-9834
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.33.3.495a
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Society for Horticultural Science
    Publication Date: 1998
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of N Source on Photosynthesis and Plant Dry Matter Yield of Tomato
    American Society for Horticultural Science ; 1997
    In:  HortScience Vol. 32, No. 3 ( 1997-06), p. 518B-518
    Details
    In: HortScience, American Society for Horticultural Science, Vol. 32, No. 3 ( 1997-06), p. 518B-518
    Abstract: The objective of this study was to determine if winter legume or grain cover could support net photosynthesis (P n ) and plant dry matter production comparable to recommended rate of synthetic N. The following winter/spring fertility treatments were applied: 1) 0 N winter/0 N spring, 2) 0 N winter/90 kg·ha –1 N spring, 3) 0 N winter/180 kg·ha –1 N spring, 4) 0 N winter+abruzi rye/0 N spring, 5) 0 N winter+hairy vetch/0 N spring, and 6) 0 N winter+crimson clover/0 N spring. `Mountain Pride' tomato was planted in all plots in spring. Plant dry weight and P n were measured at flowering, fruiting and prior to senescence. The highest P n (22.78 μmol CO 2 /m 2 per s) and leaf dry weight (115.2 g/plant) were obtained at fruiting, while highest branch dry weight (194.5 g/plant) occurred prior to senescence. There was significant increase in plant dry weight during reproductive growth phase. Tomato plants receiving supplemental N from crimson clover or hairy vetch had P n and plant dry weight comparable to those receiving synthetic N. The results of this study indicated that legume cover crops were as effective as commercial N fertilizer for supporting photosynthesis and vegetative growth of tomato.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0018-5345 , 2327-9834
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.32.3.518B
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Society for Horticultural Science
    Publication Date: 1997
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Winter Legume Cover for Sustainable Tomato Production
    American Society for Horticultural Science ; 1997
    In:  HortScience Vol. 32, No. 3 ( 1997-06), p. 465B-465
    Details
    In: HortScience, American Society for Horticultural Science, Vol. 32, No. 3 ( 1997-06), p. 465B-465
    Abstract: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of winter cover cropping with legumes for replacing synthetic N fertilization in tomato production. The following winter/spring fertility treatments were applied: 1) 0 N winter/ 0 N spring, 2) 0 N winter/90 kg·ha -1 N spring, 3) 0 N winter/180 kg·ha -1 N spring, 4) 0 N winter+rye/0 N spring, 5) 0 N winter+hairy vetch/0 N spring, and 6) 0 N winter+crimson clover/0 N spring. In the spring of 1996, tomato cultivar `Mountain Pride' was planted in all plots. The effects of different treatments on plant dry weight and fresh fruit yields were determined. Tomato following legumes or supplied with 90 kg·ha -1 fertilizer N produced highest plant dry weight, while 0 N winter/0 N spring and 0 N winter+rye/0 N spring produced plants with least dry weights. Treatments differed in a similar fashion also for fresh fruit yields. The results suggested that winter legumes were at par with commercial N fertilizer in supplying needed inorganic N to the succeeding tomato crop soil.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0018-5345 , 2327-9834
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.32.3.465B
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Society for Horticultural Science
    Publication Date: 1997
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gas Exchange Behavior of Male and Female Parwal Plants
    American Society for Horticultural Science ; 1997
    In:  HortScience Vol. 32, No. 3 ( 1997-06), p. 491B-491
    Details
    In: HortScience, American Society for Horticultural Science, Vol. 32, No. 3 ( 1997-06), p. 491B-491
    Abstract: Parwal [ Trichosanthus dioica (Roxb.)] is a tropical perennial vine producing small fleshy fruits used as a vegetable. It bears male and female flowers on separate plants. During the summer of 1996, a field study was conducted to determine if male and female plants differed in their gas exchange behavior. Three leaves per plant replicated six times for each sex were tagged randomly at initiation of gas exchange measurements. Transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (g s ), CO 2 exchange rate (CER), and internal leaf CO 2 concentration (C i ) were measured when the leaves were 6, 18, 36, 47, 71, and 81 days old. In general, the gas exchange values for both sexes were similar. The leaves of male plants attained highest E, g s, and CER at 18 days of age. In female plants, CER peaked at an early leaf age of 6 days, while the peaks for E and g s were reached 30 days later. The highest C i for both sexes were observed in 47-day-old leaves. Eighty-four-day-old leaves were no longer actively exchanging gases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0018-5345 , 2327-9834
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.32.3.491B
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Society for Horticultural Science
    Publication Date: 1997
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Performance of Bittermelon in Temperate Climate
    American Society for Horticultural Science ; 1995
    In:  HortScience Vol. 30, No. 4 ( 1995-07), p. 884B-884
    Details
    In: HortScience, American Society for Horticultural Science, Vol. 30, No. 4 ( 1995-07), p. 884B-884
    Abstract: Bittermelon ( Momordica charantia L.) is an annual vegetable crop commonly grown in the tropical regions of Asia. Because of a substantial Asian immigrant population, an ethnic niche market for the crop also exists in the United States. We conducted yield trials during 1993 and 1994 to find out whether bittermelon could be produced successfully ln the southern United States to exploit this market. Seeds were planted in both years on 18 May. Plants started producing fruits ready for picking in about 60 days. Fruits were harvested three times/week for 11 weeks during both years. Yield/plant was significantly higher during 1993 than 1994. The lower yield during 1994 appeared to be associated with the excessive rainfall during the crop growing period. The total number of fruits produced/plant during 1993 and 1994 were 43 and 33, respectively. Respective fresh yield/plant for 1993 and 1994 were 8.2 and 4.7 kg. The data suggested that a bittermelon yield comparable to those reported in literature can be obtained in Georgia when summer is not excessively wet.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0018-5345 , 2327-9834
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.30.4.884B
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Society for Horticultural Science
    Publication Date: 1995
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    550 PB 122 SOIL MOISTURE REQUIREMENTS FOR OPTIMAL GROWTH OF VEGETABLE AMARANTH
    American Society for Horticultural Science ; 1994
    In:  HortScience Vol. 29, No. 5 ( 1994-05), p. 510c-510
    Details
    In: HortScience, American Society for Horticultural Science, Vol. 29, No. 5 ( 1994-05), p. 510c-510
    Abstract: In literature, amaranth is described as a stress tolerant crop. However, most of the investigations have been concerned with the production of grain crop. The soil moisture regime which promotes maximum vegetative growth is yet to be established. During 1993, the vegetative growth response of amaranth to different soil moisture levels was determined in a greenhouse study. Amaranth cultivar Hin Choy was grown in Dothan sandy loam soil at four soil moisture levels of 6.0, 9.0, 12.0 and 14.0% (w/w) in a randomized complete block experiment with ten replications. Plant height, leaf number, leaf area, leaf fresh and dry weight, stem fresh and dry weight, root fresh and dry weight, leaf-stem ratio, and stem fresh and dry weight were recorded. All parameters gained significantly with each increment in the soil moisture level up to 12%. There was no difference in plant response between 12% and 14% soil moisture. The study indicated that for optimum vegetative growth, amaranth requires a moisture stress free soil environment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0018-5345 , 2327-9834
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.29.5.510c
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Society for Horticultural Science
    Publication Date: 1994
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF VEGETABLE AMARANTH AS AFFECTED BY NITROGEN FERTILIZATION
    American Society for Horticultural Science ; 1994
    In:  HortScience Vol. 29, No. 7 ( 1994-07), p. 733c-733
    Details
    In: HortScience, American Society for Horticultural Science, Vol. 29, No. 7 ( 1994-07), p. 733c-733
    Abstract: Influences of nitrogen (N) rate were evaluated on vegetable amaranth. Amaranthus tricolor, grown at uniform populations over two year. The main objective was to determine an optimum level of N fertilization for successful production in middle Georgia. In 1992 and 1993 accession `RRC 241' was planted in randomized complete block design on June 19 and 23, respectively. Four N rates, equally split were evaluated: 0, 45, 90, and 135 kg ha -1 . First of the applications were 18 and 13 days post planting for 1992 and 1993, and again when plants were 5 weeks old. Plants were harvested 48 days after planting with green yield, leaf fresh weight. and stem fresh weight collected in both years and leaf area for 1993. In years 1992 and 1993 green yields were 5.3 and 6.5, 10.7 and 9.0. 13.2 and 12.1, and 13.5 and 14.0 Mg ha -1 . respectively for the 0, 45, 90, and 135 rates. In both years vegetative components showed significant regression for all treatments. Vegetative response (R 2 ) for green yield in 1992 and 1993 was quadratic (85%) and linear (73%), leaf fresh weight in both years was cubic (63% and 48%), while stem fresh weight response was linear (29%) and cubic (72%). During 1993 leaf area was linear (58%). Non-significance predominantly occurred between the two higher rates for each year and when combined. indicating that 90 kg N ha -1 should provide optimal production of amaranth for the middle Georgia region.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0018-5345 , 2327-9834
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI.29.7.733c
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Society for Horticultural Science
    Publication Date: 1994
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