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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Visual and Cognitive Demands of CarPlay, Android Auto, and Five Native Infotainment Systems
    SAGE Publications ; 2019
    In:  Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Vol. 61, No. 8 ( 2019-12), p. 1371-1386
    Details
    In: Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, SAGE Publications, Vol. 61, No. 8 ( 2019-12), p. 1371-1386
    Abstract: The present research compared and contrasted the workload associated with using in-vehicle information systems commonly available in five different automotive original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) with that of CarPlay and Android Auto when used in the same vehicles. Background: A growing trend is to provide access to portable smartphone-based systems (e.g., CarPlay and Android Auto) that support an expansion of various in-vehicle infotainment system features and functions. Method/Results: The study involved on-road testing of 24 participants in each configuration of five vehicles crossed with the three different infotainment systems: the embedded portion of the native OEM systems, CarPlay, and Android Auto. Our analysis found that workload was significantly greater for the embedded portion of the native OEM systems than for CarPlay and Android Auto. The strengths and weaknesses of each CarPlay and Android Auto traded off in such a way that the overall demand associated with using the two systems did not differ. Conclusion: CarPlay and Android Auto provided more functionality and resulted in lower levels of workload than the embedded portion of the native OEM infotainment systems. Application: Potential applications of this research include refinements to CarPlay and Android Auto to address variations in workload as a function of task type, the modality of interaction, and OEM implementation of the system.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0018-7208 , 1547-8181
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0018720819836575
    RVK:
    CL 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2066426-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Metabolic control of nitrogen fixation in rhizobium-legume symbioses
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 2021
    In:  Science Advances Vol. 7, No. 31 ( 2021-07-30)
    Details
    In: Science Advances, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 7, No. 31 ( 2021-07-30)
    Abstract: Rhizobia induce nodule formation on legume roots and differentiate into bacteroids, which catabolize plant-derived dicarboxylates to reduce atmospheric N 2 into ammonia. Despite the agricultural importance of this symbiosis, the mechanisms that govern carbon and nitrogen allocation in bacteroids and promote ammonia secretion to the plant are largely unknown. Using a metabolic model derived from genome-scale datasets, we show that carbon polymer synthesis and alanine secretion by bacteroids facilitate redox balance in microaerobic nodules. Catabolism of dicarboxylates induces not only a higher oxygen demand but also a higher NADH/NAD + ratio than sugars. Modeling and 13 C metabolic flux analysis indicate that oxygen limitation restricts the decarboxylating arm of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, which limits ammonia assimilation into glutamate. By tightly controlling oxygen supply and providing dicarboxylates as the energy and electron source donors for N 2 fixation, legumes promote ammonia secretion by bacteroids. This is a defining feature of rhizobium-legume symbioses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2375-2548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abh2433
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2810933-8
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interkingdom interactions between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans affect clinical outcomes and antimicrobial responses
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  Current Opinion in Microbiology Vol. 75 ( 2023-10), p. 102368-
    Details
    In: Current Opinion in Microbiology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 75 ( 2023-10), p. 102368-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1369-5274
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102368
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019222-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chasing resistance: analyzing the fight against hospital infections
    Elsevier BV ; 2023
    In:  The Lancet Regional Health - Europe Vol. 34 ( 2023-11), p. 100740-
    Details
    In: The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, Elsevier BV, Vol. 34 ( 2023-11), p. 100740-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2666-7762
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100740
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3055963-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Understanding the Impacts of Bacteriophage Viruses: From Laboratory Evolution to Natural Ecosystems
    Annual Reviews ; 2022
    In:  Annual Review of Virology Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2022-09-29), p. 57-78
    Details
    In: Annual Review of Virology, Annual Reviews, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2022-09-29), p. 57-78
    Abstract: Viruses of bacteria (bacteriophages or phage) have broad effects on bacterial ecology and evolution in nature that mediate microbial interactions, shape bacterial diversity, and influence nutrient cycling and ecosystem function. The unrelenting impact of phages within the microbial realm is the result, in large part, of their ability to rapidly evolve in response to bacterial host dynamics. The knowledge gained from laboratory systems, typically using pairwise interactions between single-host and single-phage systems, has made clear that phages coevolve with their bacterial hosts rapidly, somewhat predictably, and primarily by counteradapting to host resistance. Recent advancement in metagenomics approaches, as well as a shifting focus toward natural microbial communities and host-associated microbiomes, is beginning to uncover the full picture of phage evolution and ecology within more complex settings. As these data reach their full potential, it will be critical to ask when and how insights gained from studies of phage evolution in vitro can be meaningfully applied to understanding bacteria-phage interactions in nature. In this review, we explore the myriad ways that phagesshape and are themselves shaped by bacterial host populations and communities, with a particular focus on observed and predicted differences between the laboratory and complex microbial communities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2327-056X , 2327-0578
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1146/virology.2022.9.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-091919-075914
    Language: English
    Publisher: Annual Reviews
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2764224-0
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gender shapes the formation of review paper collaborations in microbiology
    The Royal Society ; 2023
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Vol. 290, No. 2002 ( 2023-07-12)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 290, No. 2002 ( 2023-07-12)
    Abstract: Women are underrepresented in senior academic positions within microbiology globally. Studies show that gender bias affects the progression of women in academia, but there is evidence that improving conscious awareness of bias can improve equity in this regard. Here we analyse the publication data associated with review articles within the microbiology field to investigate the statistical associations with author gender. We analyse the data from review articles published between 2010 and 2022 in three leading microbiology review journals: Nature Reviews Microbiology , Trends in Microbiology and Annual Review of Microbiology . We find a significant association between the gender of the lead author and the gender of co-authors in multi-author publications. Review articles with men lead authors have a significantly reduced proportion of women co-authors compared to reviews with women lead authors. Given the existing differences in the proportions of men and women in lead author positions, this association may have important consequences for the relative visibility of women in microbiology, along with negative impacts on scientific output relating to reduced collaboration diversity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-8452 , 1471-2954
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.0965
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1460975-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 25
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fitness costs of CRISPR-Cas systems in bacteria
    Microbiology Society ; 2022
    In:  Microbiology Vol. 168, No. 7 ( 2022-07-18)
    Details
    In: Microbiology, Microbiology Society, Vol. 168, No. 7 ( 2022-07-18)
    Abstract: CRISPR-Cas systems provide bacteria with both specificity and adaptability in defence against invading genetic elements. From a theoretical perspective, CRISPR-Cas systems confer many benefits. However, they are observed at an unexpectedly low prevalence across the bacterial domain. While these defence systems can be gained horizontally, fitness costs may lead to selection against their carriage. Understanding the source of CRISPR-related fitness costs will help us to understand the evolutionary dynamics of CRISPR-Cas systems and their role in shaping bacterial genome evolution. Here, we review our current understanding of the potential fitness costs associated with CRISPR-Cas systems. In addition to potentially restricting the acquisition of genetic material that could confer fitness benefits, we explore five alternative biological factors that from a theoretical perspective may influence the fitness costs associated with CRISPR-Cas system carriage: (1) the repertoire of defence mechanisms a bacterium has available to it, (2) the potential for a metabolic burden, (3) larger-scale population and environmental factors, (4) the phenomenon of self-targeting spacers, and (5) alternative non-defence roles for CRISPR-Cas.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1350-0872 , 1465-2080
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001209
    Language: English
    Publisher: Microbiology Society
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008736-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Lifestyle adaptations of Rhizobium from rhizosphere to symbiosis
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2020
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 117, No. 38 ( 2020-09-22), p. 23823-23834
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 117, No. 38 ( 2020-09-22), p. 23823-23834
    Abstract: By analyzing successive lifestyle stages of a model Rhizobium– legume symbiosis using mariner-based transposon insertion sequencing (INSeq), we have defined the genes required for rhizosphere growth, root colonization, bacterial infection, N 2 -fixing bacteroids, and release from legume (pea) nodules. While only 27 genes are annotated as nif and fix in Rhizobium leguminosarum , we show 603 genetic regions (593 genes, 5 transfer RNAs, and 5 RNA features) are required for the competitive ability to nodulate pea and fix N 2 . Of these, 146 are common to rhizosphere growth through to bacteroids. This large number of genes, defined as rhizosphere-progressive, highlights how critical successful competition in the rhizosphere is to subsequent infection and nodulation. As expected, there is also a large group (211) specific for nodule bacteria and bacteroid function. Nodule infection and bacteroid formation require genes for motility, cell envelope restructuring, nodulation signaling, N 2 fixation, and metabolic adaptation. Metabolic adaptation includes urea, erythritol and aldehyde metabolism, glycogen synthesis, dicarboxylate metabolism, and glutamine synthesis (GlnII). There are 17 separate lifestyle adaptations specific to rhizosphere growth and 23 to root colonization, distinct from infection and nodule formation. These results dramatically highlight the importance of competition at multiple stages of a Rhizobium– legume symbiosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009094117
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Mixed strain pathogen populations accelerate the evolution of antibiotic resistance in patients
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Nature Communications Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2023-07-12)
    Details
    In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 14, No. 1 ( 2023-07-12)
    Abstract: Antibiotic resistance poses a global health threat, but the within-host drivers of resistance remain poorly understood. Pathogen populations are often assumed to be clonal within hosts, and resistance is thought to emerge due to selection for de novo variants. Here we show that mixed strain populations are common in the opportunistic pathogen P. aeruginosa . Crucially, resistance evolves rapidly in patients colonized by multiple strains through selection for pre-existing resistant strains. In contrast, resistance evolves sporadically in patients colonized by single strains due to selection for novel resistance mutations. However, strong trade-offs between resistance and growth rate occur in mixed strain populations, suggesting that within-host diversity can also drive the loss of resistance in the absence of antibiotic treatment. In summary, we show that the within-host diversity of pathogen populations plays a key role in shaping the emergence of resistance in response to treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-1723
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39416-2
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2553671-0
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gut to lung translocation and antibiotic mediated selection shape the dynamics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in an ICU patient
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Nature Communications Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-11-22)
    Details
    In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-11-22)
    Abstract: Bacteria have the potential to translocate between sites in the human body, but the dynamics and consequences of within-host bacterial migration remain poorly understood. Here we investigate the link between gut and lung Pseudomonas aeruginosa populations in an intensively sampled ICU patient using a combination of genomics, isolate phenotyping, host immunity profiling, and clinical data. Crucially, we show that lung colonization in the ICU was driven by the translocation of P. aeruginosa from the gut. Meropenem treatment for a suspected urinary tract infection selected for elevated resistance in both the gut and lung. However, resistance was driven by parallel evolution in the gut and lung coupled with organ specific selective pressures, and translocation had only a minor impact on AMR. These findings suggest that reducing intestinal colonization of Pseudomonas may be an effective way to prevent lung infections in critically ill patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-1723
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34101-2
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2553671-0
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