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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adolescent Running Biomechanics - Implications for Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Sports and Active Living Vol. 3 ( 2021-8-26)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 3 ( 2021-8-26)
    Abstract: Global participation in running continues to increase, especially amongst adolescents. Consequently, the number of running-related injuries (RRI) in adolescents is rising. Emerging evidence now suggests that overuse type injuries involving growing bone (e.g., bone stress injuries) and soft tissues (e.g., tendinopathies) predominate in adolescents that participate in running-related sports. Associations between running biomechanics and overuse injuries have been widely studied in adults, however, relatively little research has comparatively targeted running biomechanics in adolescents. Moreover, available literature on injury prevention and rehabilitation for adolescent runners is limited, and there is a tendency to generalize adult literature to adolescent populations despite pertinent considerations regarding growth-related changes unique to these athletes. This perspective article provides commentary and expert opinion surrounding the state of knowledge and future directions for research in adolescent running biomechanics, injury prevention and supplemental training.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2624-9367
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2021.689846
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969725-6
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Adolescents running in conventional running shoes have lower vertical instantaneous loading rates but greater asymmetry than running barefoot or in partial-minimal shoes
    Informa UK Limited ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Sports Sciences Vol. 41, No. 8 ( 2023-04-18), p. 774-787
    Details
    In: Journal of Sports Sciences, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 41, No. 8 ( 2023-04-18), p. 774-787
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0264-0414 , 1466-447X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2023.2240174
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2001639-6
    SSG: 31
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reliability and minimum detectable change of measures of gait in children during walking and running on an instrumented treadmill
    Elsevier BV ; 2020
    In:  Gait & Posture Vol. 75 ( 2020-01), p. 105-108
    Details
    In: Gait & Posture, Elsevier BV, Vol. 75 ( 2020-01), p. 105-108
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0966-6362
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.10.004
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1500471-5
    SSG: 31
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Footprint‐based estimates of arch structure are confounded by body composition in adults
    Wiley ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Orthopaedic Research Vol. 30, No. 8 ( 2012-08), p. 1351-1354
    Details
    In: Journal of Orthopaedic Research, Wiley, Vol. 30, No. 8 ( 2012-08), p. 1351-1354
    Abstract: Previous research employing indirect measures of arch structure, such as those derived from footprints, have indicated that obesity results in a “flatter” foot type. In the absence of radiographic measures, however, definitive conclusions regarding the osseous alignment of the foot cannot be made. We determined the effect of body mass index (BMI) on radiographic and footprint‐based measures of arch structure. The research was a cross‐sectional study in which radiographic and footprint‐based measures of foot structure were made in 30 subjects (10 males, 20 female) in addition to standard anthropometric measures of height, weight, and BMI. Multiple (univariate) regression analysis demonstrated that both BMI ( β  = 0.39, t 26  = 2.12, p  = 0.04) and radiographic arch alignment ( β  = 0.51, t 26  = 3.32, p   〈  0.01) were significant predictors of footprint‐based measures of arch height after controlling for all variables in the model ( R 2  = 0.59, F 3,26  = 12.3, p   〈  0.01). In contrast, radiographic arch alignment was not significantly associated with BMI ( β  = −0.03, t 26  = −0.13, p  = 0.89) when Arch Index and age were held constant ( R 2  = 0.52, F 3,26  = 9.3, p   〈  0.01). Adult obesity does not influence osseous alignment of the medial longitudinal arch, but selectively distorts footprint‐based measures of arch structure. Footprint‐based measures of arch structure should be interpreted with caution when comparing groups of varying body composition. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 30:1351–1354, 2012
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0736-0266 , 1554-527X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jor.v30.8
    DOI: 10.1002/jor.22058
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2050452-4
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sex differences in heel pad stiffness during in vivo loading and unloading
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Anatomy Vol. 237, No. 3 ( 2020-09), p. 520-528
    Details
    In: Journal of Anatomy, Wiley, Vol. 237, No. 3 ( 2020-09), p. 520-528
    Abstract: Due to conflicting data from previous studies a new methodological approach to evaluate heel pad stiffness and soft tissue deformation has been developed. The purpose of this study was to compare heel pad (HP) stiffness in both limbs between males and females during a dynamic unloading and loading activity. Ten males and 10 females volunteered to perform three dynamic trials to unload and load the HP. The dynamic protocol consisted of three continuous phases: foot flat (baseline phase), bilateral heel raise (unloading phase) and foot flat (loading phase) with each phase lasting two seconds. Six retroreflective markers (3 mm) were attached to the skin of the left and right heels using a customised marker set. Three‐dimensional motion analysis cameras synchronised with force plates collected the kinematic and kinetic data throughout the trials. Three‐way repeated measures ANOVA together with a Bonferroni post hoc test were applied to the stiffness and marker displacement datasets. On average, HP stiffness was higher in males than females during the loading and unloading phases. ANOVA results revealed no significant differences for the stiffness and displacement outputs with respect to sex, sidedness or phase interactions ( p   〉  .05) in the X, Y and Z directions. Irrespective of direction, there were significant differences in stiffness between the baseline and unloading conditions ( p   〈  .001) but no significant differences between the baseline and loaded conditions ( p  = 1.000). Post hoc analyses for the marker displacement showed significant differences between phases for the X and Z directions ( p   〈  .032) but no significant differences in the Y direction ( p   〉  .116). Finally, females portrayed lower levels of mean HP stiffness whereas males had stiffer heels particularly in the vertical direction (Z) when the HP was both unloaded and loaded. High HP stiffness values and very small marker displacements could be valuable indicators for the risk of pathological foot conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8782 , 1469-7580
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/joa.v237.3
    DOI: 10.1111/joa.13207
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474856-3
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Electromyographic Assessment of the Lower Leg Muscles during Concentric and Eccentric Phases of Standing Heel Raise
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Healthcare Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2021-04-14), p. 465-
    Details
    In: Healthcare, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 4 ( 2021-04-14), p. 465-
    Abstract: Only a small number of muscle activation patterns from lower limbs have been reported and simultaneous muscle activation from several lower limb muscles have not yet been investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine any gender differences in surface electromyography (EMG) activity from six recorded lower limb muscles of the dominant limb at baseline (i.e., with the foot placed flat on the floor and in the neutral position), and during concentric and eccentric phases when performing a heel raise task. In total, 10 females and 10 males performed a standing heel raise task comprising of three continuous phases: baseline, unloading (concentric muscle action), and loading (eccentric muscle action) phases. Muscle activation from six muscles (gastrocnemius medialis, gastrocnemius lateralis, soleus, tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, and peroneus brevis) were measured using the Myon 320 EMG System. Root mean squared values of each muscle were calculated for each phase. Descriptive and inferential statistics were incorporated into the study. Statistically significant p values were set at 0.05. The results showed no significant differences between baseline, concentric, and eccentric phases with respect to each of the muscles investigated. Except for the gastrocnemius medialis at baseline and concentric phases, no significant differences were observed between genders or contractions. The data suggests that gender does not significantly influence the eccentric phase during the standing heel raise task.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2227-9032
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9040465
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2721009-1
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A novel simplified biomechanical assessment of the heel pad during foot plantarflexion
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine Vol. 235, No. 2 ( 2021-02), p. 197-207
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine, SAGE Publications, Vol. 235, No. 2 ( 2021-02), p. 197-207
    Abstract: The heel pad (HP) which is located below the calcaneus comprises a composition of morphometrical and morphological arrangements of soft tissues that are influenced by factors such as gender, age and obesity. It is well known that HP pain and Achilles tendonitis consist of discomfort, pain and swelling symptoms that usually develop from excessive physical activities such as walking, jumping and running. The purpose of this study was to develop biomechanical techniques to evaluate the function and characteristics of the HP. Ten healthy participants (five males and five females) participated in this laboratory-based study, each performing a two-footed heel raise to mimic the toe-off phase during human locomotion. Twenty-six (3 mm) retroreflective markers were attached to the left and right heels (thirteen markers on each heel). Kinematic data was captured using three-dimensional motion analysis cameras synchronised with force plates. Descriptive and multivariate statistical tests were used in this study. In addition, a biomechanical technique that utilises only six markers from 26 markers to assess HP deformation and function has been developed and used in this study. Overall HP displacement was significantly higher in males on the most lateral part of the right heel ( p 〈 0.05). No significant differences were evident when comparing the non-dominant and dominant heels during the baseline, unloading and loading phases ( p 〉 0.05). Findings from this study suggested that biomechanical outputs expressed as derivatives from tracked HP marker movements can morphologically and morphometrically characterise HP soft tissue deformation changes. The outcome of this study highlights the importance of 3D motion analysis being used as a potential prospective intervention to quantify the function / characteristics of the heel pad soft tissues.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0954-4119 , 2041-3033
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0954411920971069
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2032763-8
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Pathomechanics of Plantar Fasciitis
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2006
    In:  Sports Medicine Vol. 36, No. 7 ( 2006), p. 585-611
    Details
    In: Sports Medicine, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 36, No. 7 ( 2006), p. 585-611
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0112-1642
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200636070-00004
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025521-4
    SSG: 31
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Track B. Biomechanics and Orthopaedics
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2016
    In:  Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik Vol. 61, No. s1 ( 2016-01-1)
    Details
    In: Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 61, No. s1 ( 2016-01-1)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1862-278X , 0013-5585
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2016-5001
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2234381-7
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Arch Index: A Measure of Flat or Fat Feet?
    SAGE Publications ; 2004
    In:  Foot & Ankle International Vol. 25, No. 8 ( 2004-08), p. 575-581
    Details
    In: Foot & Ankle International, SAGE Publications, Vol. 25, No. 8 ( 2004-08), p. 575-581
    Abstract: Background: Studies using footprint-based estimates of arch height have indicated that obesity results in a lowered medial longitudinal arch in children. However, the potentially confounding effect of body composition on indirect measures of arch height, such as the arch index, has not been investigated. Methods: This study assessed the body composition of 12 male and 12 female adults (mean age: 39.9 ± 8.1 years, height: 1.724 ± 0.101 m; weight: 95.1 ± 13.7 kg, and BMI: 31.9 ± 3.0kg/m 2 ) using bioelectrical impedance analysis to produce a two-component model of fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). The dynamic arch index also was determined from electronic footprints captured during gait using a capacitive pressure distribution platform with a resolution of 4 sensors/cm 2 . Results: While significant correlations were noted between FFM and the area of both the hindfoot ( r = .75, p 〈 .05) and forefoot ( r = .72, p 〈 .05), the midfoot area was correlated only with FM ( r = .54, p 〈 .05). Similarly, the arch index was significantly correlated with the FM percentage ( r = .67, p 〈 .05). Conclusions: The findings of this pilot study suggest that body composition influences arch index values in overweight and obese subjects. Consequently, body composition may be a confounding factor in interpreting footprint based estimates of arch height and, as such, these estimates would best be used with supplementary measures of body composition.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1071-1007 , 1944-7876
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/107110070402500811
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2004
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2129503-7
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