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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Distribution maps of cetacean and seabird populations in the North‐East Atlantic
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Applied Ecology Vol. 57, No. 2 ( 2020-02), p. 253-269
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 57, No. 2 ( 2020-02), p. 253-269
    Abstract: Distribution maps of cetaceans and seabirds at basin and monthly scales are needed for conservation and marine management. These are usually created from standardized and systematic aerial and vessel surveys, with recorded animal densities interpolated across study areas. However, distribution maps at basin and monthly scales have previously not been possible because individual surveys have restricted spatial and temporal coverage. This study develops an alternative approach consisting of: (a) collating diverse survey data to maximize spatial and temporal coverage, (b) using detection functions to estimate variation in the surface area covered (km 2 ) among these surveys, standardizing measurements of effort and animal densities, and (c) developing species distribution models (SDM) that overcome issues with heterogeneous and uneven coverage. 2.68 million km of survey data in the North‐East Atlantic between 1980 and 2018 were collated and standardized. SDM using Generalized Linear Models and General Estimating Equations in a hurdle approach were developed. Distribution maps were then created for 12 cetacean and 12 seabird species at 10 km and monthly resolution. Qualitative and quantitative assessment indicated good model performance. Synthesis and applications . This study provides the largest ever collation and standardization of diverse survey data for cetaceans and seabirds, and the most comprehensive distribution maps of these taxa in the North‐East Atlantic. These distribution maps have numerous applications including the identification of important areas needing protection, and the quantification of overlap between vulnerable species and anthropogenic activities. This study demonstrates how the analysis of existing and diverse survey data can meet conservation and marine management needs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8901 , 1365-2664
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jpe.v57.2
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13525
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410405-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Data_Sheet_1.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 8 ( 2021-11-18)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 8 ( 2021-11-18)
    Abstract: Marine mammals have been proposed as ecosystem sentinels due to their conspicuous nature, wide ranging distribution, and capacity to respond to changes in ecosystem structure and functioning. In southern European Atlantic waters, their response to climate variability has been little explored, partly because of the inherent difficulty of investigating higher trophic levels and long lifespan animals. Here, we analyzed spatio-temporal patterns from 1994 to 2018 of one of the most abundant cetaceans in the area, the common dolphin ( Delphinus delphis ), in order to (1) explore changes in its abundance and distribution, and (2) identify the underlying drivers. For that, we estimated the density of the species and the center of gravity of its distribution in the Bay of Biscay (BoB) and tested the effect of three sets of potential drivers (climate indices, oceanographic conditions, and prey biomasses) with a Vector Autoregressive Spatio Temporal (VAST) model that accounts for changes in sampling effort resulting from the combination of multiple datasets. Our results showed that the common dolphin significantly increased in abundance in the BoB during the study period. These changes were best explained by climate indices such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and by prey species biomass. Oceanographic variables such as chlorophyll a concentration and temperature were less useful or not related. In addition, we found high variability in the geographic center of gravity of the species within the study region, with shifts between the inner (southeast) and the outer (northwest) part of the BoB, although the majority of this variability could not be attributed to the drivers considered in the study. Overall, these findings indicate that considering temperature alone for projecting spatio-temporal patterns of highly mobile predators is insufficient in this region and suggest important influences from prey and climate indices that integrate multiple ecological influences. Further integration of existing observational datasets to understand the causes of past shifts will be important for making accurate projections into the future.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.665474
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.665474.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2757748-X
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Video_1.MP4
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 8 ( 2021-7-8)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 8 ( 2021-7-8)
    Abstract: Aquaculture and marine renewable energy are two expanding sectors of the Blue Economy in Europe. Assessing the long-term environmental impacts in terms of eutrophication and noise is a priority for both the EU Water Framework Directive and the Marine Strategy Framework Directive, and cumulative impacts will be important for the Maritime Spatial Planning under the Integrated Maritime Policy. With the constant expansion of aquaculture production, it is expected that farms might be established further offshore in more remote areas, as high-energy conditions offer an opportunity to generate more power locally using Marine Renewable Energy (MRE) devices. A proposed solution is the co-location of MRE devices and aquaculture systems using Multi-Purpose Platforms (MPPs) comprising offshore wind turbines (OWTs) that will provide energy for farm operations as well as potentially shelter the farm. Disentangling the impacts, conflicts and synergies of MPP elements on the surrounding marine ecosystem is challenging. Here we created a high-resolution spatiotemporal Ecospace model of the West of Scotland, in order to assess impacts of a simple MPP configuration on the surrounding ecosystem and how these impacts can cascade through the food web. The model evaluated the following specific ecosystem responses: (i) top-down control pathways due to distribution changes among top-predators (harbor porpoise, gadoids and seabirds) driven by attraction to the farming sites and/or repulsion/killing due to OWT operations; (ii) bottom-up control pathways due to salmon farm activity providing increasing benthic enrichment predicated by a fish farm particle dispersal model, and sediment nutrient fluxes to the water column by early diagenesis of organic matter (recycled production). Weak responses of the food-web were found for top-down changes, whilst the results showed high sensitivity to increasing changes of bottom-up drivers that cascaded through the food-web from primary producers and detritus to pelagic and benthic consumers, respectively. We assessed the sensitivity of the model to each of these impacts and the cumulative effects on the ecosystem, discuss the capabilities and limitations of the Ecospace modeling approach as a potential tool for marine spatial planning and the impact that these results could have for the Blue Economy and the EU’s New Green Deal.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.694013
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.694013.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.694013.s002
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2757748-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The effects of trawling and primary production on size-structured food webs in seabed ecosystems
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2020
    In:  Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol. 77, No. 10 ( 2020-10), p. 1659-1665
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 77, No. 10 ( 2020-10), p. 1659-1665
    Abstract: Understanding how different drivers shape relationships between abundance and body mass (size spectra) is important for understanding trophic and competitive interactions in food webs and for predicting the effects of human pressures. Here, we sample seabed communities from small polychaetes ( 〈 0.001 g) to large fish ( 〉 1 kg) in the Celtic Sea and the western English Channel to examine how bottom trawling and primary production affect their size spectra and to compare these with predictions from a model that couples predator and detritivore communities. Size spectra were not well approximated by linear fits because of truncation of the size spectra of detritivores. Low primary production resulted in lower abundance of benthic fauna. Bottom trawling reduced the abundance of predators and large detritivores but allowed small detritivores to increase in abundance. These empirical size spectra were partly consistent with predictions from the size spectra model, showing that understanding the structuring of benthic communities requires a consideration of both size and functional group. The findings highlight the need for an ecosystem approach to understanding the effects of exploitation and climate change on marine ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0706-652X , 1205-7533
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1139/cjfas-2020-0025
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2020
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473089-3
    SSG: 21,3
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Modelling fine-scale distribution and relative abundance of harbour porpoises in the Southern Bight of the North Sea using platform-of-opportunity data
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2020
    In:  Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom Vol. 100, No. 3 ( 2020-05), p. 481-489
    Details
    In: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 100, No. 3 ( 2020-05), p. 481-489
    Abstract: Over the last 25 years, the harbour porpoise ( Phocoena phocoena ) has made a significant return to the Southern Bight of the North Sea and the English Channel due to a shift in distribution from northerly regions. Although the ecological drivers of this return are unclear, this species faces multiple threats in the region, including by-catch and habitat degradation. Ferry-based surveys were conducted year-round between November 2011 and June 2014 to assess the influence of environmental parameters upon the spatiotemporal distribution and relative abundance of harbour porpoises in the Southern Bight of the North Sea. A total of 1450 sightings of harbour porpoises were recorded during the 100 round-trip surveys carried out between Dunkirk (France) and Dover (England). Inter-annual and monthly variations in group size were observed, with largest groups recorded in 2014 (mean = 2.02) and in January (mean = 2.32). The relative abundance showed significant seasonal variation, with peaks recorded during winter months. An inter-annual increasing relative abundance was recorded during the study period. There was a seasonally dependent association with environmental variables, particularly depth, seabed roughness and current speed. Finally, predictions suggest large increases of the relative abundance in offshore habitats during winter months and over the study period.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0025-3154 , 1469-7769
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0025315420000326
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491269-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 281325-7
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Predictable hydrodynamic conditions explain temporal variations in the density of benthic foraging seabirds in a tidal stream environment
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2016
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil Vol. 73, No. 10 ( 2016-11), p. 2677-2686
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 73, No. 10 ( 2016-11), p. 2677-2686
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-3139 , 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsw100
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 29056-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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  • 7
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    Quantifying pursuit‐diving seabirds’ associations with fine‐scale physical features in tidal stream environments
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Applied Ecology Vol. 53, No. 6 ( 2016-12), p. 1653-1666
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 53, No. 6 ( 2016-12), p. 1653-1666
    Abstract: Atlantic puffins’ strong association with fast horizontal current speeds indicates that they are particularly likely to interact with installations during breeding seasons. Any post‐installation monitoring and mitigation measures should therefore focus on this species and season. The multi‐species associations with high turbulence and downward vertical currents, which often coincide with fast horizontal current speeds, also highlight useful pre‐installation mitigation measures via the omission of devices from these areas, reducing the overall likelihood of interactions. Environmental impact assessments (EIA) generally involve once‐a‐month surveys across 2‐year periods. However, the approaches used in this study show that more focussed surveys can greatly benefit management strategies aiming to reduce the likelihood of negative impacts by facilitating the development of targeted mitigation measures. It is therefore recommended that these approaches contribute towards EIA within development sites.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8901 , 1365-2664
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jpe.2016.53.issue-6
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12646
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020408-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410405-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multisensor Acoustic Tracking of Fish and Seabird Behavior Around Tidal Turbine Structures in Scotland
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) ; 2017
    In:  IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering Vol. 42, No. 4 ( 2017-10), p. 948-965
    Details
    In: IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), Vol. 42, No. 4 ( 2017-10), p. 948-965
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0364-9059 , 1558-1691 , 2373-7786
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1109/JOE.48
    DOI: 10.1109/JOE.2016.2637179
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025369-2
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Regional-scale patterns in harbour porpoise occupancy of tidal stream environments
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2018
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 75, No. 2 ( 2018-03-01), p. 701-710
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 75, No. 2 ( 2018-03-01), p. 701-710
    Abstract: As harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena are abundant within tidal stream environments, mitigating population-level impacts from tidal stream energy extraction is considered a conservation priority. An understanding of their spatial and temporal occupancy of these habitats at a regional-scale will help steer installations towards locations which maximize energy returns but reduce the potential for interactions with populations. This study quantifies and compares relationships between the presence of harbour porpoise and several hydrodynamic characteristics across four tidal stream environments in Anglesey, UK—a region that has been earmarked for extensive industrial development. Within sites (0.57–1.13 km2), encounters with animals were concentrated in small areas ( & lt;200 m2) and increased during certain tidal states (ebb vs. flood). In sites showing relatively high maximum current speeds (2.67–2.87 ms−1), encounters were strongly associated with the emergence of shear-lines. In sites with relatively low maximum current speeds (1.70–2.08 ms−1), encounters were more associated with areas of shallow water during peak current speeds. The overall probability of encounters was higher in low current sites. It is suggested that the likelihood of interactions could be reduced by restricting developments to sites with high maximum current speeds ( & gt;2.5 ms−1), and placing turbines in areas of laminar currents therein. This study shows that a combination of local and regional hydrodynamic characteristics can partially explain variations in occupancy patterns across tidal-stream environments. However, it was found that such hydrodynamic characteristics could not comprehensively explain these occupancy patterns. Further studies into the biophysical mechanisms creating foraging opportunities within these habitats are needed to identify alternative explanatory variables that may have universal applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-3139 , 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsx164
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2463178-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 29056-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Matches and Mismatches Between Seabird Distributions Estimated From At-Sea Surveys and Concurrent Individual-Level Tracking
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2019
    In:  Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Vol. 7 ( 2019-9-24)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 7 ( 2019-9-24)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-701X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00333
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2745634-1
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