Abstract: Đái tháo đường (ĐTĐ) tuýp 2 là một trong những căn bệnh có xu hướng ngày càng tăng với nhiều biến chứng nguy hiểm, trong đó có nguy cơ gia tăng các tổn thương hệ tim mạch. Ước tính khoảng 75% bệnh nhân ĐTĐ tuýp 2 tử vong do hậu quả của các bệnh tim mạch. Tuy nhiên, ở Việt Nam chưa có nhiều nghiên cứu đánh giá nguy cơ mắc bệnh tim mạch trong 10 năm theo thang điểm Framingham (Framingham Risk Score - FRS) ở bệnh nhân ĐTĐ tuýp 2. Để dự đoán nguy cơ mắc bệnh tim mạch trong 10 năm và các yếu tố liên quan đến tình trạng này, chúng tôi tiến hành nghiên cứu theo phương pháp mô tả, cắt ngang trên 139 bệnh nhân (62 nam và 77 nữ) ĐTĐ tuýp 2, có độ tuổi trung bình 66,31 ± 8,88, cho thấy chủ yếu các bệnh nhân thuộc nhóm nguy cơ rất cao (41,7%), nguy cơ cao (17,3%), nguy cơ trung bình (20,9%) và nguy cơ thấp (20,1%). Nguy cơ mắc bệnh tim mạch cao hơn ở bệnh nhân nam, trên 60 tuổi, chỉ số khối cơ thể cao, có tình trạng rối loạn lipid máu. Với bệnh nhân ĐTĐ tuýp 2 kèm theo tăng huyết áp có khả năng làm tăng nguy cơ ở mức rấtcao lên 10,784 lần.

Abstract: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a clinical response happened to patient who is sensitive with inhaled anesthesia drug that could cause suddently death. Many previous studies showed that malignant hyperthermia strongly related to genetic background of patients including RYR1, CACNA1S or STAC3 gene polymorphisms. With the development of high technology such as next generation sequencing, scientists found that 37 to 86 percents of MH cases had RYR1 mutations and approximately 1 percent of those had CACNA1S mutations. Gene analysis testing was recommended to apply for patient with MH medical history or MH patient’s family relations. Keywords Malignant hyperthermia, inhaled anesthesia, RYR1, CACNA1S, STAC3. References [1] G. Torri, Inhalation anesthetics: a review, Minerva Anestesiologica 76 (2010) 215–228. [2] N. Kassiri, S. Ardehali, F. Rashidi, S. Hashemian, Inhalational anesthetics agents: The pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics, and their effects on human body, Biomed. 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Anesth 65 (2018) 709–721. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12630-018-1108-0.[7] S. Riazi, N. Kraeva, P.M. Hopkins, Malignant Hyperthermia in the Post-Genomics Era: New Perspectives on an Old Concept, Anesthesiology 128 (2018) 168–180. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000001878.[8] [D.M. Miller, C. Daly, E.M. Aboelsaod, L. Gardner, S.J. Hobson, K. Riasat, S. Shepherd, R.L. Robinson, J.G. Bilmen, P.K. Gupta, M.-A. Shaw, P.M. Hopkins, Genetic epidemiology of malignant hyperthermia in the UK, BJA Br. J. Anaesth 121 (2018) 944–952. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2018.06.028.[9] T.A. Beam, E.F. Loudermilk, D.F. Kisor, Pharmacogenetics and pathophysiology of CACNA1S mutations in malignant hyperthermia, Physiol. Genomics 49 (2017) 81–87. https://doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00126.2016.[10] I.T. Zaharieva, A. Sarkozy, P. Munot, A. Manzur, G. O’Grady, J. Rendu, E. Malfatti, H. Amthor, L. Servais, J.A. Urtizberea, O.A. Neto, E. Zanoteli, S. Donkervoort, J. Taylor, J. Dixon, G. Poke, A.R. Foley, C. 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Schuster, Management of malignant hyperthermia: diagnosis and treatment, Ther. Clin. Risk Manag 10 (2014) 355–362. https://doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S47632.[19] R. Robinson, D. Carpenter, M.-A. Shaw, J. Halsall, P. Hopkins, Mutations in RYR1 in malignant hyperthermia and central core disease, Hum. Mutat 27 (2006) 977–989. https://doi.org/10.1002/humu.20356.[20] M.L. Alvarellos, R.M. Krauss, R.A. Wilke, R.B. Altman, T.E. Klein, PharmGKB summary: very important pharmacogene information for RYR1, Pharmacogenet. Genomics 26 (2016) 138–144. https://doi.org/10.1097/FPC.0000000000000198.[21] A. Merritt, P. Booms, M.-A. Shaw, D.M. Miller, C. Daly, J.G. Bilmen, K.M. Stowell, P.D. Allen, D.S. Steele, P.M. Hopkins, Assessing the pathogenicity of RYR1 variants in malignant hyperthermia, BJA Br. J. Anaesth 118 (2017) 533–543. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aex042.[22] P.M. Hopkins, H. Rüffert, M.M. Snoeck, T. Girard, K.P.E. Glahn, F.R. Ellis, C.R. Müller, A. 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Abstract: Today, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing rapidly on global. This disease is shown with many complications that significantly affect public health. One of them is kidney complications, which have a high incidence among diabetic patients in Vietnam (25.6-33.1%). Age, history of hypertension, and dyslipidemia are considered to be the main risk factors for diabetic nephropathy. Thus, early detection of these factors for kidney damage is significant for diagnosing, monitoring, treatment, and prognosis of diabetic patients. Our descriptive, cross-sectional study conducting on 120 diabetic patients at E Hospital has observed that blood cholesterol levels, HbA1c levels were independently related to eGFR decline below 60 mL/min/1.73m2. From those data, an equation to predict the risk of diabetic kidney disease was estimated as p =  with k = Keyword: Type 2 diabetes, Diabetic nephropathy, Risk factor Today, the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is increasing rapidly on global. This disease is shown with many complications that significantly affect public health. One of them is kidney complications, which have a high incidence among diabetic patients in Vietnam (25.6-33.1%). Age, history of hypertension, and dyslipidemia are considered to be the main risk factors for diabetic nephropathy. Thus, early detection of these factors for kidney damage is significant for diagnosing, monitoring, treatment, and prognosis of diabetic patients. Our descriptive, cross-sectional study conducting on 120 diabetic patients at E Hospital has observed that blood cholesterol levels, HbA1c levels were independently related to eGFR decline below 60 mL/min/1.73m2. From those data, an equation to predict the risk of diabetic kidney disease was estimated as p =  with k = Keyword Type 2 diabetes, Diabetic nephropathy, Risk factor. References [1] N. H. Cho, J. Kirigia, J. C. Mnanya, K. Ogurstova, L. Guraiguata, W. Rathmann, G. Roglic, N. Forouhi, R. Dajani, A. Esteghmati, E. Boyko, L. Hambleton, O. L. M. Neto, P. A. Montoya, S. Joshi, J. Chan, J. Shaw, T.A. Samuels, M. Pavkov, A. Reja, IDF Diabetes Atlas Eight Edition, International Diabete Federation, England, 2017.[2] N. T. Khue, Diabetes – General Endocrinology, Ho Chi Minh Publisher, Ho Chi Minh city, 2003 (in Vietnamese). [3] H. H. Kiem, Clinical Nephrology, Medical Publishing House, Hanoi, 2010 (in Vietnamese). [4] T. H. Quang, Practice Diabetes - Endocrine Disease, Medical Publishing House Hanoi, Hanoi, 2010 (in Vietnamese). [5] D. T. M. Hao, T. T. A. 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Abstract: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world. Cardiovascular risk assessment is an important step in preventing and treating the disease. The current study assesses the 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in 306 VNU’s office workers in 2016-2017 based on the 2008 Framingham Risk Score. The study results show that the average risk score was 4.05 ± 4.76%; low risk was 90.52%; moderate risk: 7.85 %; and high to very high risk was 1.63%. Men have a higher risk score than women (p 〈 0.001). The ten-year cardiovascular risk score shows that age and systolic blood pressure correlated with the risk at a medium level, and cholesterol and HDL correlated with it at a low level. Keywords Framingham Risk Score 2008, 10-year cardiovascular risk score, hypertension, blood cholesterol, blood HDL. References [1] Cardiovasculardiseases, http://www.who.int/en/newsroom/factsheets/detail/cardiovascular diseases-(cvds), (truy cập ngày 22/03/2019).[2] A.R. 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Abstract: In this study, marine microalgal communities in 12 islands belonging to the sea water region of Truong Sa Islands (Spratly Islands), Vietnam in May-June and October-November 2021 was studied. There were 305 species of marine microalgae belonging to 7 phyla were identified in 12 islands in this sea water region of Truong Sa Islands (Spratly Islands) in 2021 in which with 39 dominant species, highest species number of 147 in Central (London) Reef (D1) and the lowest species number of 15 in Ambonya Cay (D4) were detected. Up to 2021, in the sea water region of the Truong Sa Islands (Spratly Islands), 14 genera of toxic harmful algae have appeared. The average value of biodiversity index (H') and the diversity value index (Dv) in all 12 studied islands in the Truong Sa Islands (Spratly Islands) in 2021 is 3.61±0.40 and 3.43±0.39, respectively, showing that the diversity of marine microalgae of this sea water region is rich and the quality of its sea water is generally good. It has been determined that two main factors NO3- and oil content, followed by DO, salinity, temperature and Hg content in seawater were affected the density of marine microalgal cells in the sea water of Truong Sa Islands (Spratly Islands) in 2021. In which, the marine microalgal cell density has a negative correlation with temperature, salinity, NO3- and Hg content of seawater and has a positive correlation with DO parameter was discovered.