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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evidence of a natural marine source of oxalic acid and a possible link to glyoxal
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2011
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 116, No. D16 ( 2011-08-26)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 116, No. D16 ( 2011-08-26)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2011JD015659
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2011
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016813-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016810-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403298-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161666-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161665-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Global budgets of atmospheric glyoxal and methylglyoxal, and implications for formation of secondary organic aerosols
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 113, No. D15 ( 2008-08-02)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 113, No. D15 ( 2008-08-02)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2007JD009505
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2033040-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094104-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2130824-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016813-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016810-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2403298-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016800-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161666-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161667-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 161665-1
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094268-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 710256-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016804-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094181-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094219-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094167-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2220777-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3094197-0
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Impact of biomass burning and stratospheric intrusions in the remote South Pacific Ocean troposphere
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2022
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 22, No. 6 ( 2022-03-29), p. 4075-4099
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 22, No. 6 ( 2022-03-29), p. 4075-4099
    Abstract: Abstract. The ozone mixing ratio spatiotemporal variability in the pristine South Pacific Ocean is studied, for the first time, using 21-year-long ozone (O3) records from the entire southern tropical and subtropical Pacific between 1994 and 2014. The analysis considered regional O3 vertical observations from ozonesondes, surface carbon monoxide (CO) observations from flasks, and three-dimensional chemistry-transport model simulations of the global troposphere. Two 21-year-long numerical simulations, with and without biomass burning emissions, were performed to disentangle the importance of biomass burning relative to stratospheric intrusions for ambient ozone levels in the region. Tagged tracers of O3 from the stratosphere and CO from various biomass burning regions have been used to track the impact of these different regions on the southern tropical Pacific O3 and CO levels. Patterns have been analyzed based on atmospheric dynamics variability. Considering the interannual variability in the observations, the model can capture the observed ozone gradients in the troposphere with a positive bias of 7.5 % in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS) as well as near the surface. Remarkably, even the most pristine region of the global ocean is affected by distant biomass burning emissions by convective outflow through the mid and high troposphere and subsequent subsidence over the pristine oceanic region. Therefore, the biomass burning contribution to tropospheric CO levels maximizes in the UTLS. The Southeast Asian open fires have been identified as the major contributing source to CO from biomass burning in the tropical South Pacific, contributing on average for the study period about 8.5 and 13 ppbv of CO at Rapa Nui and Samoa, respectively, at an altitude of around 12 km during the burning season in the spring of the Southern Hemisphere. South America is the second-most important biomass burning source region that influences the study area. Its impact maximizes in the lower troposphere (6.5 ppbv for Rapa Nui and 3.8 ppbv for Samoa). All biomass burning sources contribute about 15–23 ppbv of CO at Rapa Nui and Samoa and account for about 25 % of the total CO in the entire troposphere of the tropical and subtropical South Pacific. This impact is also seen on tropospheric O3, to which biomass burning O3 precursor emissions contribute only a few ppbv during the burning period, while the stratosphere–troposphere exchange is the most important source of O3 for the mid troposphere of the South Pacific Ocean, contributing about 15–20 ppbv in the subtropics.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-22-4075-2022
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-22-4075-2022-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Rethinking the role of transport and photochemistry in regional ozone pollution: insights from ozone concentration and mass budgets
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2023
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 23, No. 13 ( 2023-07-13), p. 7653-7671
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 23, No. 13 ( 2023-07-13), p. 7653-7671
    Abstract: Abstract. Understanding the role of transport and photochemistry is essential to mitigate tropospheric ozone (O3) pollution within a region. In previous studies, the O3 concentration budget has been widely used to determine the contributions of two processes to the variations of O3 concentrations. These studies often conclude that local photochemistry is the main cause of regional O3 pollution; however, they fail to explain why O3 in a targeted region is often primarily derived from O3 and/or its precursors transported from the outside regions, as reported by many studies of O3 source apportionment. Here, we present a method to calculate the hourly contributions of O3-related processes to the variations of not only the mean O3 concentration but also the total O3 mass (the corresponding budgets are noted as the O3 concentration and mass budget, respectively) within the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) of the concerned region. Based on the modelling results of WRF-CMAQ (Weather Research and Forecasting and Community Multiscale Air Quality), the two O3 budgets were applied to comprehensively understand the effects of transport and photochemistry on the O3 pollution over the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region in China. Quantified results demonstrate the different role of transport and photochemistry when comparing the two O3 budgets: photochemistry drives the rapid increase of O3 concentrations during the day, whereas transport, especially vertical exchange through the ABL top, controls both rapid O3 mass increase in the morning and decrease in the afternoon. The diurnal changes of the transport contributions in the two O3 budgets highlight the influences of the ABL diurnal cycle and regional wind fields on regional O3 pollution. Through high contributions to the O3 mass increase in the morning, transport determines that most O3 in the PRD originates from the global background and emissions outside the region. However, due to the simultaneous rapid increase of ABL volumes, this process only has a relatively limited effect on O3 concentration increase compared to photochemistry, and transport effect on the regional sources of O3 cannot be illustrated by the O3 concentration budget. For future studies targeting O3 and other secondary pollutants with moderately long atmospheric lifetimes (e.g. fine particulate matter and some of its components), insights from both concentration and mass budgets are required to fully understand the role of transport, chemistry and other related processes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-23-7653-2023
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-23-7653-2023-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2023
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ice-nucleating particle versus ice crystal number concentrationin altocumulus and cirrus layers embedded in Saharan dust:a closure study
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2019
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 19, No. 23 ( 2019-12-13), p. 15087-15115
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 19, No. 23 ( 2019-12-13), p. 15087-15115
    Abstract: Abstract. For the first time, a closure study of the relationship between the ice-nucleating particle concentration (INP; INPC) and ice crystal number concentration (ICNC) in altocumulus and cirrus layers, solely based on ground-based active remote sensing, is presented. Such aerosol–cloud closure experiments are required (a) to better understand aerosol–cloud interaction in the case of mixed-phase clouds, (b) to explore to what extent heterogeneous ice nucleation can contribute to cirrus formation, which is usually controlled by homogeneous freezing, and (c) to check the usefulness of available INPC parameterization schemes, applied to lidar profiles of aerosol optical and microphysical properties up to the tropopause level. The INPC–ICNC closure studies were conducted in Cyprus (Limassol and Nicosia) during a 6-week field campaign in March–April 2015 and during the 17-month CyCARE (Cyprus Clouds Aerosol and Rain Experiment) campaign. The focus was on altocumulus and cirrus layers which developed in pronounced Saharan dust layers at heights from 5 to 11 km. As a highlight, a long-lasting cirrus event was studied which was linked to the development of a very strong dust-infused baroclinic storm (DIBS) over Algeria. The DIBS was associated with strong convective cloud development and lifted large amounts of Saharan dust into the upper troposphere, where the dust influenced the evolution of an unusually large anvil cirrus shield and the subsequent transformation into an cirrus uncinus cloud system extending from the eastern Mediterranean to central Asia, and thus over more than 3500 km. Cloud top temperatures of the three discussed closure study cases ranged from −20 to −57 ∘C. The INPC was estimated from polarization/Raman lidar observations in combination with published INPC parameterization schemes, whereas the ICNC was retrieved from combined Doppler lidar, aerosol lidar, and cloud radar observations of the terminal velocity of falling ice crystals, radar reflectivity, and lidar backscatter in combination with the modeling of backscattering at the 532 and 8.5 mm wavelengths. A good-to-acceptable agreement between INPC (observed before and after the occurrence of the cloud layer under investigation) and ICNC values was found in the discussed three proof-of-concept closure experiments. In these case studies, INPC and ICNC values matched within an order of magnitude (i.e., within the uncertainty ranges of the INPC and ICNC estimates), and they ranged from 0.1 to 10 L−1 in the altocumulus layers and 1 to 50 L−1 in the cirrus layers observed between 8 and 11 km height. The successful closure experiments corroborate the important role of heterogeneous ice nucleation in atmospheric ice formation processes when mineral dust is present. The observed long-lasting cirrus event could be fully explained by the presence of dust, i.e., without the need for homogeneous ice nucleation processes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-19-15087-2019
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2019
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Vertical Profiles of Tropospheric Ozone From MAX‐DOAS Measurements During the CINDI‐2 Campaign: Part 1—Development of a New Retrieval Algorithm
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 123, No. 18 ( 2018-09-27)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 123, No. 18 ( 2018-09-27)
    Abstract: Problems of MAX‐DOAS retrievals of tropospheric O 3 are clarified and mostly solved New MAX‐DOAS retrieval methods of vertical profiles of tropospheric O 3 are developed The feasibility of the new methods is proven and deficiencies are described for future research
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2169-897X , 2169-8996
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2018JD028647
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2018
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2969341-X
    SSG: 16,13
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On the temporal and spatial variation of ozone in Cyprus
    Elsevier BV ; 2014
    In:  Science of The Total Environment Vol. 476-477 ( 2014-04), p. 677-687
    Details
    In: Science of The Total Environment, Elsevier BV, Vol. 476-477 ( 2014-04), p. 677-687
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0048-9697
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.101
    RVK:
    AR 10100
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1498726-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 121506-1
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
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    Role of K-feldspar and quartz in global ice nucleation by mineral dust in mixed-phase clouds
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2023
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2023-02-02), p. 1785-1801
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2023-02-02), p. 1785-1801
    Abstract: Abstract. Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) enable ice formation, profoundly affecting the microphysical and radiative properties, lifetimes, and precipitation rates of clouds. Mineral dust emitted from arid regions, particularly potassium-containing feldspar (K-feldspar), has been shown to be a very effective INP through immersion freezing in mixed-phase clouds. However, despite the fact that quartz has a significantly lower ice nucleation activity, it is more abundant than K-feldspar in atmospheric desert dust and therefore may be a significant source of INPs. In this contribution, we test this hypothesis by investigating the global and regional importance of quartz as a contributor to INPs in the atmosphere relative to K-feldspar. We have extended a global 3-D chemistry transport model (TM4-ECPL) to predict INP concentrations from both K-feldspar and quartz mineral dust particles with state-of-the-art parameterizations using the ice-active surface-site approach for immersion freezing. Our results show that, although K-feldspar remains the most important contributor to INP concentrations globally, affecting mid-level mixed-phase clouds, the contribution of quartz can also be significant. Quartz dominates the lowest and the highest altitudes of dust-derived INPs, affecting mainly low-level and high-level mixed-phase clouds. The consideration of quartz INPs also improves the comparison between simulations and observations at low temperatures. Our simulated INP concentrations predict ∼ 51 % of the observations gathered from different campaigns within 1 order of magnitude and ∼ 69 % within 1.5 orders of magnitude, despite the omission of other potentially important INP aerosol precursors like marine bioaerosols. Our findings support the inclusion of quartz in addition to K-feldspar as an INP in climate models and highlight the need for further constraining their abundance in arid soil surfaces along with their abundance, size distribution, and mixing state in the emitted dust atmospheric particles.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-23-1785-2023
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-23-1785-2023-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092549-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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  • 9
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    Chemical and dynamical identification of emission outflows during the HALO campaign EMeRGe in Europe and Asia
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2023
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2023-02-03), p. 1893-1918
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 23, No. 3 ( 2023-02-03), p. 1893-1918
    Abstract: Abstract. The number of large urban agglomerations is steadily increasing worldwide. At a local scale, their emissions lead to air pollution, directly affecting people's health. On a global scale, their emissions lead to an increase of greenhouse gases, affecting climate. In this context, in 2017 and 2018, the airborne campaign EMeRGe (Effect of Megacities on the transport and transformation of pollutants on the Regional to Global scales) investigated emissions of European and Asian major population centres (MPCs) to improve the understanding and predictability of pollution outflows. Here, we present two methods to identify and characterise pollution outflows probed during EMeRGe. First, we use a set of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as chemical tracers to characterise air masses by specific source signals, i.e. benzene from anthropogenic pollution of targeted regions, acetonitrile from biomass burning (BB, primarily during EMeRGe-Asia), and isoprene from fresh biogenic signals (primarily during EMeRGe-Europe. Second, we attribute probed air masses to source regions and estimate their individual contribution by constructing and applying a simple emission uptake scheme for the boundary layer which combines FLEXTRA back trajectories and EDGAR carbon monoxide (CO) emission rates (acronyms are provided in the Appendix). During EMeRGe-Europe, we identified anthropogenic pollution outflows from northern Italy, southern Great Britain, the Belgium–Netherlands–Ruhr (BNR) area and the Iberian Peninsula. Additionally, our uptake scheme indicates significant long-range transport of pollution from the USA and Canada. During EMeRGe-Asia, the pollution outflow is dominated by sources in China and Taiwan, but BB signals from Southeast Asia and India contribute as well. Outflows of pre-selected MPC targets are identified in less than 20 % of the sampling time, due to restrictions in flight planning and constraints of the measurement platform itself. Still, EMeRGe combines in a unique way near- and far-field measurements, which show signatures of local and distant sources, transport and conversion fingerprints, and complex air mass compositions. Our approach provides a valuable classification and characterisation of the EMeRGe dataset, e.g. for BB and anthropogenic influence of potential source regions and paves the way for a more comprehensive analysis and various model studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-23-1893-2023
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-23-1893-2023-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2092549-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2069847-1
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  • 10
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    Primary atypical carcinoid of the breast: A case report and brief overview of evidence
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2011
    In:  World Journal of Surgical Oncology Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2011-12)
    Details
    In: World Journal of Surgical Oncology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2011-12)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1477-7819
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-9-52
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2118383-1
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