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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cross-contamination by disinfectant towelettes varies by product chemistry and strain
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2020-12)
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2020-12)
    Abstract: Disinfectant products are used frequently on environmental surfaces (e.g. medical equipment, countertops, patient beds) and patient care equipment within healthcare facilities. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk of cross-contamination of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa during and after disinfection of predetermined surface areas with ready-to-use (RTU) pre-wetted disinfectant towelettes. Methods This study tested six disinfectant towelette products against S. aureus ATCC CRM-6538 and P. aeruginosa strain ATCC-15442 on Formica surfaces. Each disinfectant was evaluated on a hard nonporous surface and efficacy was measured every 0.5 m 2 using a modified version of EPA MLB SOP-MB-33 to study the risk of cross-contamination. Results We found that all of the wipes used in this study transferred S. aureus and P. aeruginosa from an inoculated surface to previously uncontaminated surfaces. Disinfectant towelettes with certain chemistries also retained a high level of viable bacteria after disinfection of the surface area. The cross-contamination risk also varied by product chemistry and bacterial strain. Conclusion Disinfectant wipes can cross-contaminate hard nonporous surfaces and retain viable bacterial cells post-disinfection, especially over larger surface areas. This highlights a need to further investigate the risk disinfectant wipes pose during and post-disinfection and guidance on maximum surface areas treated with a single towelette.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2047-2994
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00797-4
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2666706-X
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Contact time has limited impact on the efficacy of disinfectant towelettes when tested under conditions reflective of realistic use
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2023-07-16)
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 12, No. 1 ( 2023-07-16)
    Abstract: Disinfectant towelettes are increasingly being used as a means to prevent transmission of clinically important pathogens which could lead to healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, the efficacy of disinfectant towelette products when tested under realistic use conditions is understudied. A test model was designed to replicate realistic wiping conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of varied contact time on disinfectant towelette efficacy under these conditions. Methods Five product types were tested against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 15,442) at five contact times (30 s, one min, two min, three min, and 10 min) on hard, non-porous laminate templates to determine the impact of contact time on disinfectant towelette efficacy when tested under realistic use. Results Product type had a significant impact on the efficacy of disinfectant towelettes when tested under conditions reflective of realistic use. The effect of contact time was limited and no differences in efficacy were seen at a contact time of one min compared with the other contact times tested. Only one disinfectant towelette product achieved a mean 5-log reduction under the tested conditions. Conclusion Efficacy of disinfectant towelettes was primarily impacted by product type when applied in a model designed to replicate realistic use in which only a limited effect of contact time was observed. There is a need for further investigation into which factors have the greatest impact on disinfectant towelette efficacy when applied in clinical settings.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2047-2994
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01266-4
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2666706-X
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Contact time and disinfectant formulation significantly impact the efficacies of disinfectant towelettes against Candida auris on hard, non-porous surfaces
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-04-10)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2023-04-10)
    Abstract: There has been an increase in Candida auris healthcare-associated infections, which result from cross-contamination from surfaces and equipment. In this study, we tested the efficacies of EPA-registered disinfectant towelettes products that are increasingly used for infection control against C. auris at a range of contact times following modifications to standard EPA protocol MB-33-00. Hydrogen peroxide (HP)-based disinfectant towelettes were more efficacious against C. auris than the quaternary ammonium chloride (QAC)-alcohol-based disinfectant towelettes irrespective of tested contact times. Thirty s contact time was significantly less effective in reducing C. auris compared to 1-, 2-, 3-, and 10-min contact times. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the level of disinfection among 1-min and longer contact times regardless of product chemistry. None of the products achieved a standard six-log 10 reduction at any tested contact times. Overall , the HP-based disinfectant towelette was significantly more fungicidal than the QAC-alcohol-based disinfectant towelette. For all product types, 30 s contact time did not achieve the same level of disinfection as 1-min or longer contact times. Overall, disinfectant towelette efficacy is dependent upon product formulation and contact time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32876-y
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A rapid model for developing dry surface biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for in vitro disinfectant efficacy testing
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2020-12)
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2020-12)
    Abstract: Bacterial biofilms persistent on dry environmental surfaces in healthcare facilities play an important role in the occurrence of healthcare associated infections (HAI). Compared to wet surface biofilms and planktonic bacteria, dry surface biofilms (DSB) are more tolerant to disinfection. However, there is no official method for developing DSB for in vitro disinfectant efficacy testing. The objectives of this study were to (i) develop an in vitro model of DSB of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa for disinfectant efficacy testing and (ii) investigate the effect of drying times and temperatures on DSB development. We hypothesized that a minimum six log 10 density of DSB could be achieved on glass coupons by desiccating wet surface biofilms near room temperatures. We also hypothesized that a DSB produced by the model in this study will be encased in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Methods S. aureus ATCC-6538 and P. aeruginosa ATCC-15442 wet surface biofilms were grown on glass coupons following EPA MLB SOP MB-19. A DSB model was developed by drying coupons in an incubator and viable bacteria were recovered following a modified version of EPA MLB SOP MB-20. Scanning electron microscopy was used to confirm the EPS presence on DSB. Results Overall, a minimum of six mean log 10 densities of DSB for disinfectant efficacy were recovered per coupon after drying at different temperatures and drying times. Regardless of strain, temperature and dry time, 86% of coupons with DSB were confirmed to have EPS. Conclusion A rapid model for developing DSB with characteristic EPS was developed for disinfectant efficacy testing against DSB.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2047-2994
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s13756-020-00792-9
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2666706-X
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Surface area wiped, product type, and target strain impact bactericidal efficacy of ready-to-use disinfectant Towelettes
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2018
    In:  Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2018-10-11)
    Details
    In: Antimicrobial Resistance & Infection Control, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2018-10-11)
    Abstract: Disinfectant products are often used on environmental surfaces (e.g. countertops, patient beds) and patient care equipment in healthcare facilities to help prevent the transmission of healthcare-associated infections. Ready-to-use (RTU) disinfectants in the form of pre-wetted towelettes are increasingly popular among healthcare facilities. Currently, the EPA does not require disinfectant manufacturers to include a recommended maximum surface area per towelette on their product labels. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of disinfectant towelette products on a hard non-porous surface across different coverage areas using a quantitative EPA method. We hypothesized that there would be significant differences in the efficacy of disinfectant towelette products, and that the greater surface area(s) wiped would result in reduced bactericidal efficacy. Methods This study tested ten disinfectant towelette products against Staphylococcus aureus strain ATCC CRM-6538 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain ATCC 15442 on Formica surfaces. Defined surface areas were wiped and the towelette weighed before and after wiping to determine the amount of liquid released. Bactericidal efficacy testing was also performed after wiping following standard EPA protocols. Results We found that disinfectant product, area of surface wiped, and strain impacted the bactericidal efficacy achieved. Disinfectant product type and area of surface wiped significantly impacted the percent of liquid released per ft 2 from the towelette. Conclusion Overall, bactericidal efficacy varied by towelette product, surface area wiped, and strain. This study also found that wiping larger surface areas may lead to decreased bactericidal efficacy. Further research is needed to test its implication.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2047-2994
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s13756-018-0416-z
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2666706-X
    SSG: 15,3
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