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  • 1
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    A multicenter randomized controlled trial of medium‐chain triglyceride dietary supplementation on epilepsy in dogs
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Vol. 34, No. 3 ( 2020-05), p. 1248-1259
    Details
    In: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Wiley, Vol. 34, No. 3 ( 2020-05), p. 1248-1259
    Abstract: Medium‐chain triglyceride (MCT) enriched diet has a positive effect on seizure control and behavior in some dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (IE). Objective To evaluate the short‐term efficacy of MCTs administered as an add‐on dietary supplement (DS) to a variable base diet to assess seizure control and antiseizure drug's (ASD) adverse effect profiles. Animals Twenty‐eight dogs with International Veterinary Epilepsy Task Force Tier II (IVETF) level diagnosis of treated IE with 3 or more seizures in the last 3 months were used. Methods A 6‐month multicenter, prospective, randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled crossover trial was completed, comparing an MCT‐DS with a control‐DS. A 9% metabolic energy‐based amount of MCT or control oil was supplemented to the dogs' diet for 3 months, followed by a control oil or MCT for another 3 months, respectively. Dogs enrolled in this study satisfied most requirements of IE diagnosis stated by the IVETF II level. If they received an oil DS or drugs that could influence the metabolism of the investigated DS or chronic ASD, the chronic ASD medication was adjusted, or other causes of epilepsy were found, the dogs were excluded from the study. Results Seizure frequency (median 2.51/month [0‐6.67] versus 2.67/month [0‐10.45] ; P = .02) and seizure‐day frequency were significantly (1.68/month [0‐5.60] versus 1.99/month [0‐7.42] , P = .01) lower when dogs were fed MCT‐DS in comparison with the control‐DS. Two dogs were free of seizures, 3 had ≥50% and 12 had 〈 50% reductions in seizure frequency, and 11 dogs showed no change or an increase in seizure frequency. Conclusions and Clinical Importance These data show antiseizure properties of an MCT‐DS compared to a control oil and support former evidence for the efficacy of MCTs as a nutritive, management option for a subpopulation of drug‐resistant dogs with epilepsy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0891-6640 , 1939-1676
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvim.v34.3
    DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15756
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 2
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    Impact of canine epilepsy on judgement and attention biases
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-10-20)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 10, No. 1 ( 2020-10-20)
    Abstract: Idiopathic epilepsy (IE) is the most common chronic neurological condition in dogs, characterised by recurrent seizure activity and associated with negative behavioural and cognitive changes. We hypothesised that IE would negatively impact putative affective state, with dogs with IE exhibiting a more pessimistic judgement bias and more negative attention bias than controls. Dogs were tested in a previously-validated spatial judgement bias task, and a novel auditory attention bias task testing attention to sounds with different valence or salience (neutral, novel pre-habituated, threatening). Sixty-eight dogs (IE = 33, Control = 35) were tested, of which n = 37 acquired the spatial discrimination and responses to judgement bias probes were tested (IE = 19, Control = 18), and n = 36 were tested for responses to sounds (IE = 20, Control = 16). Study groups did not significantly differ by age, sex, breed or neuter-status (p  〉  0.05). Main effects of study group were not significant in judgement bias (F 1,102  = 0.20, p = 0.658) or attention bias tasks (F 3,102  = 1.64, p = 0.184). In contrast with our hypotheses, there was no evidence that IE altered cognitive biases in this study population; however, dogs with IE were significantly more likely to be unable to learn the spatial discrimination task (p = 0.019), which may reflect IE-related cognitive deficits. Developing methods to test affective state without excluding cognitively impaired individuals is a future challenge for animal welfare science.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74777-4
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 3
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    Thoracic to lumbar vertebral column length and length ratios in miniature dachshunds with and without thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Veterinary Record Vol. 193, No. 6 ( 2023-09-20)
    Details
    In: Veterinary Record, Wiley, Vol. 193, No. 6 ( 2023-09-20)
    Abstract: The chondrodystrophic body type predisposes miniature dachshunds to thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion (IVDE). However, the relationship between thoracolumbar IVDE and the relative lengths of the thoracic and lumbar vertebral columns has not yet been evaluated. Methods This prospective multicentre study included 151 miniature dachshunds with ( n = 47) and without ( n = 104) thoracolumbar IVDE. All dogs had their thoracic and lumbar vertebral columns measured with a tape measure. Detailed descriptions were provided to facilitate consistent measurement. A thoracic to lumbar vertebral column ratio was calculated. Thoracolumbar IVDE was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography. Results The thoracic to lumbar vertebral column length ratio and absolute thoracic vertebral column length were significantly smaller in miniature dachshunds with IVDE than in those without IVDE ( p 〈 0.0001 for both). There were no significant differences in lumbar vertebral column length, age, sex or neuter status between the two groups. Limitations The dogs without IVDE did not undergo a neurological examination and the thoracic and lumbar vertebral column measurements were not validated. Conclusions The relative lengths of the thoracic and lumbar vertebral column segments could contribute to the development of thoracolumbar IVDE in miniature dachshunds. Further studies are needed to evaluate ideal thoracic to lumbar vertebral column length ratios in miniature dachshunds.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0042-4900 , 2042-7670
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/vetr.v193.6
    DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3057
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2106609-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2919192-0
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  • 4
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    Table_1.XLSX
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Veterinary Science Vol. 9 ( 2022-5-16)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-5-16)
    Abstract: Epilepsy is the most common chronic neurological disease in humans and dogs. Epilepsy is thought to be caused by an imbalance of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission. Intact neurotransmitters are transported from the central nervous system to the periphery, from where they are subsequently excreted through the urine. In human medicine, non-invasive urinary neurotransmitter analysis is used to manage psychological diseases, but not as yet for epilepsy. The current study aimed to investigate if urinary neurotransmitter profiles differ between dogs with epilepsy and healthy controls. A total of 223 urine samples were analysed from 63 dogs diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy and 127 control dogs without epilepsy. The quantification of nine urinary neurotransmitters was performed utilising mass spectrometry technology. A significant difference between urinary neurotransmitter levels (glycine, serotonin, norepinephrine/epinephrine ratio, ɤ-aminobutyric acid/glutamate ratio) of dogs diagnosed with idiopathic epilepsy and the control group was found, when sex and neutering status were accounted for. Furthermore, an influence of antiseizure drug treatment upon the urinary neurotransmitter profile of serotonin and ɤ-aminobutyric acid concentration was revealed. This study demonstrated that the imbalances in the neurotransmitter system that causes epileptic seizures also leads to altered neurotransmitter elimination in the urine of affected dogs. Urinary neurotransmitters have the potential to serve as valuable biomarkers for diagnostics and treatment monitoring in canine epilepsy. However, more research on this topic needs to be undertaken to understand better the association between neurotransmitter deviations in the brain and urine neurotransmitter concentrations in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2297-1769
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.893013
    DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.893013.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834243-4
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  • 5
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    Comparison of volume of the forebrain, subarachnoid space and lateral ventricles between dogs with idiopathic epilepsy and controls using a stereological approach: Cavalieri’s principle
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Canine Medicine and Genetics Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Details
    In: Canine Medicine and Genetics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Abstract: Canine idiopathic epilepsy (IE) is the most common chronic neurological brain disease in dogs, yet it can only be diagnosed by exclusion of all other potential causes. In people, epilepsy has been associated with a reduction in brain volume. The objective was to estimate the volume of the forebrain (FB), subarachnoid space (SAS) and lateral ventricles (LV) in dogs with IE compared to controls using Cavalieri’s principle. MRI scans of case and control dogs were identified from two neurology referral hospital databases. Eight breeds with increased odds of having IE were included: Golden Retriever, Labrador Retriever, Cocker Spaniel, Border terrier, German Shepherd dog, Parson Jack Russell terrier, Boxer, and Border Collie. Five dogs of each breed with IE and up to five controls were systematically and uniformly randomly sampled (SURS). The volume of the FB, SAS and LV were estimated from MRI scans by one blinded observer using Cavalieri’s principle. Results One hundred-two dogs were identified; 56 were diagnosed with IE and 46 were controls. There was no statistically significant difference in FB, SAS and LV volume between dogs with IE and controls. Dogs with a history of status epilepticus had significantly larger FB than those without ( p  = 0.05). There was a border-line trend for LV volume to increase with increasing length of seizure history in the IE group ( p  = 0.055). Conclusion The volumes of the FB, SAS and LV are not different between dogs with IE and controls, so IE remains a diagnosis of exclusion with no specific neuroanatomical biomarkers identified. This is the first time FB and SAS volume has been compared in dogs with IE. Unfortunately, we have shown that the results reporting significantly larger FBs in dogs with status epilepticus and LV volume increase with length of seizure history were likely confounded by breed and should be interpreted cautiously. Whilst these associations are interesting and clinically relevant, further investigation with breed-specific or larger, breed-diverse populations are required to permit strong conclusions. The Cavalieri principle provided an effective estimation of FB, SAS and LV volumes on MRI, but may be too time-intensive for use in clinical practice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2662-9380
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s40575-021-00101-6
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3038148-4
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  • 6
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    Distinct cerebellar foliation anomalies in a CHD7 haploinsufficient mouse model of CHARGE syndrome
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics Vol. 175, No. 4 ( 2017-12)
    Details
    In: American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics, Wiley, Vol. 175, No. 4 ( 2017-12)
    Abstract: Mutations in the gene encoding the ATP dependent chromatin‐remodeling factor, CHD7 are the major cause of CHARGE (Coloboma, Heart defects, Atresia of the choanae, Retarded growth and development, Genital‐urinary anomalies, and Ear defects) syndrome. Neurodevelopmental defects and a range of neurological signs have been identified in individuals with CHARGE syndrome, including developmental delay, lack of coordination, intellectual disability, and autistic traits. We previously identified cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and abnormal cerebellar foliation in individuals with CHARGE syndrome. Here, we report mild cerebellar hypoplasia and distinct cerebellar foliation anomalies in a Chd7 haploinsufficient mouse model. We describe specific alterations in the precise spatio‐temporal sequence of fissure formation during perinatal cerebellar development responsible for these foliation anomalies. The altered cerebellar foliation pattern in Chd7 haploinsufficient mice show some similarities to those reported in mice with altered Engrailed, Fgf8 or Zic1 gene expression and we propose that mutations or polymorphisms in these genes may modify the cerebellar phenotype in CHARGE syndrome. Our findings in a mouse model of CHARGE syndrome indicate that a careful analysis of cerebellar foliation may be warranted in patients with CHARGE syndrome, particularly in patients with cerebellar hypoplasia and developmental delay.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1552-4868 , 1552-4876
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.v175.4
    DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.31595
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2143867-5
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  • 7
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    Data_Sheet_1.PDF
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Neuroscience Vol. 15 ( 2021-9-24)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Neuroscience, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 15 ( 2021-9-24)
    Abstract: Circadian and other physiological rhythms play a key role in both normal homeostasis and disease processes. Such is the case of circadian and infradian seizure patterns observed in epilepsy. However, these rhythms are not fully exploited in the design of active implantable medical devices. In this paper we explore a new implantable stimulator that implements chronotherapy as a feedforward input to supplement both open-loop and closed-loop methods. This integrated algorithm allows for stimulation to be adjusted to the ultradian, circadian and infradian patterns observed in patients through slowly-varying temporal adjustments of stimulation and algorithm sub-components, while also enabling adaption of stimulation based on immediate physiological needs such as a breakthrough seizure or change of posture. Embedded physiological sensors in the stimulator can be used to refine the baseline stimulation circadian pattern as a “digital zeitgeber,” i.e., a source of stimulus that entrains or synchronizes the subject's natural rhythms. This algorithmic approach is tested on a canine with severe drug-resistant idiopathic generalized epilepsy exhibiting a characteristic diurnal pattern correlated with sleep-wake cycles. Prior to implantation, the canine's cluster seizures evolved to status epilepticus (SE) and required emergency pharmacological intervention. The cranially-mounted system was fully-implanted bilaterally into the centromedian nucleus of the thalamus. Using combinations of time-based modulation, thalamocortical rhythm-specific tuning of frequency parameters as well as fast-adaptive modes based on activity, the canine experienced no further SE events post-implant as of the time of writing (7 months). Importantly, no significant cluster seizures have been observed either, allowing the reduction of rescue medication. The use of digitally-enabled chronotherapy as a feedforward signal to augment adaptive neurostimulators could prove a useful algorithmic method in conditions where sensitivity to temporal patterns are characteristics of the disease state, providing a novel mechanism for tailoring a more patient-specific therapy approach.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-453X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.734265
    DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.734265.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2411902-7
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  • 8
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    CLINICAL AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING CHARACTERISTICS OF THORACOLUMBAR INTERVERTEBRAL DISK EXTRUSIONS AND PROTRUSIONS IN LARGE BREED DOGS
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound Vol. 57, No. 4 ( 2016-07), p. 417-426
    Details
    In: Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, Wiley, Vol. 57, No. 4 ( 2016-07), p. 417-426
    Abstract: Treatment recommendations differ for dogs with intervertebral disk extrusion vs. intervertebral disk protrusion. The aim of this retrospective, cross‐sectional study was to determine whether clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) variables could be used to predict a diagnosis of thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusion or protrusion in dogs. Dogs were included if they were large breed dogs, had an MRI study of the thoracolumbar or lumbar vertebral column, had undergone spinal surgery, and had the type of intervertebral disk herniation (intervertebral disk extrusion or protrusion) clearly stated in surgical reports. A veterinary neurologist unaware of surgical findings reviewed MRI studies and recorded number, location, degree of degeneration and morphology of intervertebral disks, presence of nuclear clefts, disk space narrowing, extent, localization and lateralization of herniated disk material, degree of spinal cord compression, intraparenchymal intensity changes, spondylosis deformans, spinal cord swelling, spinal cord atrophy, vertebral endplate changes, and presence of extradural hemorrhage. Ninety‐five dogs were included in the sample. Multivariable statistical models indicated that longer duration of clinical signs ( P = 0.01), midline instead of lateralized disk herniation ( P = 0.007), and partial instead of complete disk degeneration ( P = 0.01) were associated with a diagnosis of intervertebral disk protrusion. The presence of a single intervertebral herniation ( P = 0.023) and dispersed intervertebral disk material not confined to the disk space ( P = 0.06) made a diagnosis of intervertebral disk extrusion more likely. Findings from this study identified one clinical and four MRI variables that could potentially facilitate differentiating intervertebral disk extrusions from protrusions in dogs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1058-8183 , 1740-8261
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/vru.2016.57.issue-4
    DOI: 10.1111/vru.12359
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2142058-0
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  • 9
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    EVALUATION OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING GUIDELINES FOR DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN THORACOLUMBAR INTERVERTEBRAL DISK EXTRUSIONS AND INTERVERTEBRAL DISK PROTRUSIONS IN DOGS
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound Vol. 57, No. 5 ( 2016-09), p. 526-533
    Details
    In: Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound, Wiley, Vol. 57, No. 5 ( 2016-09), p. 526-533
    Abstract: Four MRI variables have recently been suggested to be independently associated with a diagnosis of thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusion or protrusion. Midline intervertebral disk herniation, and partial intervertebral disk degeneration were associated with intervertebral disk protrusion, while presence of a single intervertebral disk herniation and disk material dispersed beyond the boundaries of the intervertebral disk space were associated with intervertebral disk extrusion. The aim of this retrospective, cross‐sectional study was to determine whether using these MRI variables improves differentiation between thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusions and protrusions. Eighty large breed dogs with surgically confirmed thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusions or protrusions were included. Randomized MRI studies were presented on two occasions to six blinded observers, which were divided into three experience categories. During the first assessment, observers made a presumptive diagnosis of thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusion or protrusion without guidelines. During the second assessment they were asked to make a presumptive diagnosis with the aid of guidelines. Agreement was evaluated by Kappa‐statistics. Diagnostic accuracy significantly improved from 70.8 to 79.6% and interobserver agreement for making a diagnosis of intervertebral disk extrusion or intervertebral disk protrusion improved from fair (κ = 0.27) to moderate (κ = 0.41) after using the proposed guidelines. Diagnostic accuracy was significantly influenced by degree of observer experience. Intraobserver agreement for the assessed variables ranged from fair to excellent and interobserver agreement ranged from fair to moderate. The results of this study suggest that the proposed imaging guidelines can aid in differentiating thoracolumbar intervertebral disk extrusions from protrusions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1058-8183 , 1740-8261
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/vru.2016.57.issue-5
    DOI: 10.1111/vru.12394
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2142058-0
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  • 10
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    Epidemiology of recurrent seizure disorders and epilepsy in cats under primary veterinary care in the United Kingdom
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Vol. 34, No. 6 ( 2020-11), p. 2582-2594
    Details
    In: Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Wiley, Vol. 34, No. 6 ( 2020-11), p. 2582-2594
    Abstract: Little epidemiological evaluation of recurrent seizure disorders in cats currently exists in veterinary literature. Objectives To report the prevalence and risk factors for recurrent seizure disorders (RSD) and epilepsy in cats presented to primary care veterinary practices in the United Kingdom (UK). Animals A total of 285 547 cats under veterinary care during 2013 presenting to 282 primary care clinics in the UK. Methods Cohort study using multivariable logistic regression modeling for risk factor analysis. Results There were 458 confirmed RSD cases, giving a 1‐year period prevalence of 0.16% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.15‐0.18). A subset of 114 (24.89%) cases was recorded as having epilepsy, giving a 1‐year period prevalence of 0.04% (95% CI, 0.03‐0.5). Increasing age was significantly associated with increasing odds of RSD. Breed, sex, neuter status, and body weight were not associated with RSD. Epilepsy was most frequently diagnosed in adult to middle‐aged cats. Cats aged 3.0 to 〈 6.0 years had 3.32 times higher odds of epilepsy diagnosis compared to cats 〈 3.0 years of age. Insured cats were more likely to be diagnosed with epilepsy compared to noninsured cats. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Although less common than in dogs, RSD and epilepsy still comprise an important disorder group in the UK cat population. Aging is a significant risk factor for these disorders in cats.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0891-6640 , 1939-1676
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jvim.v34.6
    DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15881
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2177690-8
    SSG: 22
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