Abstract: Introduction: Currently, Vietnam is entering the aging population stage and is one of the fastest aging countries worldwide. Old age increases the risk of chronic diseases, particularly mental health disorders. Objective: investigated the prevalence of depression and examined the associated factors with depression among older people. Methods: A cross-sectional study was implemented in 760 older people in some communities of Thua Thien Hue province from January to August 2020. Data were collected by directinterviewing based on a structured questionnaire, including demographic, socio-economic, geriatric Depression scale with 30 questions (GDS-30), health status and physical activities. The GDS-30 was used to evaluate the prevalence of depression. The multiple logistic regression model was applied to exam the associated factors with depression. Results: Our findings indicated that the prevalence of depression among elderly people was 28.6%, comprising mild (23.6%) and seveve (5%). The higher Odds of depression was observed in the low economic status (poor/near-poor) (OR= 2.51; 95% CI: 1.15 – 5.48), live alone (OR= 2.43; 95% CI: 1.02-5.78), co-morbidities chronic disease(OR =1,59; 95% CI: 1.01 – 2.52), self-evaluation not good in overall health status (OR =2.34; 95% CI: 1,50 – 3,66), dissatisfaction in health (OR = 2.55; 95% CI:1.59 – 4.08), lack of physical activities (OR =2.79; 95% CI: 1.83 - 4.27), and low quality of life (OR = 2.79; 95% CI: 1.84-4.24). Conclusions: This research suggests that older people are commonly exposing to depression in the communities. Therefore, the priority strategies for reducing depression should be implemented, particularly in the high-risk groups.

Abstract: Background: The objective multiple-choice test is an assessment method that has been applied widely in universities. The meticulous judgment of complication and differentiation level of objective test questionnaire can beneficially lead to the growth of high quality multiple-choice questionnaire bank and effective examination. Objectives: To evaluate the difficulty level and differentiate level of the objective multiple-choice tests. Materials and method: The multiple-choice theory test (01 Elemental medical exam with 242 students, 01 Clinical medicine exam with 163 students). The difficulty degree of questions was determined by calculating the percentage of students who gave the answers correctly for the given questions in total. The differentiation level was differentiated by the percentage of students who answered correctly in corresponding groups: excellent, good, average, below average, poor. Results: The elemental medical examination comprises 7 hard questions, 58 medium questions, and 35 simple questions; 10 questions have poor degree of difference, 83 questions have good and very good degree of difference. The clinical medicine examination comprises 9 hard questions, 57 medium questions and, 34 simple questions; 23 questions have poor degree of differentiation, 51 questions have good and very good degree of difference. Conclusions: It is crucial to evaluate the difficulty and differentiation standards of the objective multiple-choice examination which enhance the quality of assessment. Thereby, the faculties need to regularly judge these factors while creating the questionnaire and completely evaluating the tests, and the inappropriate questions will be eliminated. Keywords: difficulty level, differentiation level, Objective multiple-choice test.

Abstract: Background: From the academic year 2018-2019, the University of Medicine and Pharmacy has renewed the medical training program in the direction of integration based on competence. One of the mandatory criteria is to survey the satisfaction of medical students with the training program at the Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, in order to validate the school’s training quality. A plethora of aspects of the training program was considered in this study, such as objectives and content of the training program, materials and facilities, teaching staff, organization of assessment, and counseling to support students. Objectives: 1) Surveying the fulfillment of medical students with the training program and 2) Finding out some factors related to student contentment with the training program. Materials and methods: Crosssectional descriptive study was applied to investigate the satisfaction of 847 medical students from 1st to 4th year at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy. The data retrieved from the Google form autocomplete toolkit consisted of 2 parts: general information and the satisfaction of medical students with the training program. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 software. Partition system description was achieved by frequency and rate. Exploratory factor analysis was employed to evaluate the reliability of the satisfactory scale of students with the training quality and the model’s suitability. Linear regression was utilized to assess the correlation of the training quality factors with the satisfaction of students. Results: Overall, 87.8% of students are content with the renewed training program. The linear regression model shows that the students’ fulfillment is determined by lecturers, objectives and contents of the program, administrative organization (structure, evaluation, and support for students), and facility-related factors (materials and training facilities). Conclusions: The satisfaction rate of students reaches 87.8%. The degree of influence of these factors on the satisfaction of medical students with the training program at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy follows a descending order: (1) teaching staff, (2) objectives and content of the training program, (3) organizing, evaluating, and supporting students, (4) materials and facilities for training. Key words: satisfaction, medical students, university training, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy.

Abstract: Background: Internet addiction is a prominent issue in students worldwide, which significantly impacts health, work, and academic results. We conduct this study to determine the proportion of Internet addiction and analyze some related factors among students. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1098 medical students at University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue university in 2018. Short-version of Internet Addiction Test (s-IAT) including 12 questions was used to identify 2 factors: loss of control/time management and craving/social problems. The questions are graded on the Likert scale of 1 (never) to 5 (always), with total scores ranging from 12 to 60 points. The standardized questionnaire is reliable and relevant in Vietnam. Result: 36.9% of students are addicted to the internet, and some associated factors to internet addiction include receiving academic advisor attention receiving the attention of a learning advisor (OR = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.57-0.94); self-study time ≥3 hours/day (OR = 0.46; 95%CI: 0.32-0.66); habit of reading books in free time (OR= 0.60; 95%CI: 0.32-0.65); habit of re-studying only when approaching the exam (OR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.04-2.06) with p 〈 0.05. Conclusion: To reduce the risk of Internet addiction, students should must receive the attention of academic advisors, be encouraged to spend more time on self-study, develop positivegood habits such as reading in the sparefree time, and regularly study on a regular basis. Keywords: Internet addiction, Medical student, Learning advisor.

Abstract: Đặt vấn đề: Tại bệnh viện Bình Dân, cắt tuyến tiền liệt tận gốc đã được thực hiện qua mổ mở (từ 1998), nội soi ổ bụng tiêu chuẩn (LRP) (từ 2004) [2]. Từ tháng 11/2016, phẫu thuật nội soi có robot hỗ trợ đã được áp dụng tại bệnh viện. Câu hỏi nghiên cứu: đâu là những thuận lợi / khó khăn cho bác sĩ phẫu thuật / bệnh nhân khi mổ nội soi có robot hỗ trợ so với nội soi ổ bụng (NSOB) trong điều kiện Việt Nam ? Mục tiêu: Đánh giá hiệu quả, độ an toàn của NSOB có robot hỗ trợ trong điều trị phẫu thuật triệt căn ung thư tuyến tiền liệt (UT TTL) khi so sánh với NSOB tiêu chuẩn. Đối tượng & Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Người bệnh nhập bệnh viện Bình Dân với chẩn đoán UT TTL giai đoạn khu trú (cT1-T2) hoặc xâm lấn vỏ bao hoặc túi tinh (cT3), được cắt tuyến tiền liệt tận gốc bằng nội soi có robot hỗ trợ (RARP)hay bằng NSOB tiêu chuẩn. Nghiên cứu so sánh tiến cứu không ngẫu nhiên so sánh kết quả ngắn hạn (dưới 1 năm) giữa RARP và LRP với thời gian lấy mẫu là từ 01/2019 đến 12/2020. Kết quả: Có 40 bệnh nhân ở mỗi nhóm phẫu thuật. Đặc điểm bệnh nhân trước mổ hai nhóm không khác biệt về: tuổi, bệnh kết hợp, điểm số ASA, điểm số Gleason, PSA máu, cTNM; hai nhóm có khác biệt về: điểm số IIEF-5 (RARP 〉 LRP), BMI (RARP 〉 LRP), Kích thước tuyến tiền liệt (RARP 〉 LRP). Các biến số quanh phẫu thuật: hai nhóm không khác biệt về: chuyển mổ mở, tỉ lệ thực hiện kỹ thuật bảo tồn cổ bàng quang, lượng máu mất, truyền máu quanh phẫu thuật, tai biến trong mổ; hai nhóm có khác biệt về: tỉ lệ mũi khâu Rocco (RARP 〉 LRP), số trường hợp nạo hạch chậu (RARP 〉 LRP), thời gian mổ (RARP 〈 LRP), bờ biên phẫu thuật dương tính (RARP 〉 LRP), số trường hợp bảo tồn bó mạch - thần kinh cương (RARP 〈 LRP). Sau phẫu thuật 2 nhóm không khác biệt về: điểm số Gleason, pTNM, biến chứng sau mổ, thời gian nằm viện sau mổ; hai nhóm có khác biệt về: thời gian lưu ống dẫn lưu (RARP 〈 LRP), điểm số đau sau mổ (RARP 〈 LRP). Theo dõi sau mổ 3 tháng/6 tháng hai nhóm không khác biệt về: biến chứng tiểu không kiểm soát lúc 3 tháng, 6 tháng, số tã dùng trong 24h sau mổ 6 tháng, độ giảm điểm IIEF-5 lúc 3 tháng sau mổ; hai nhóm có khác biệt về biến chứng sau xuất viện 〈 6 tháng sau mổ (RARP 〈 RLP), có ý nghĩa lâm sàng với LRP có 3 TH biến chứng Clavien III, biến chứng sau mổ sáu tháng - một năm (RARP 〈 RLP) có ý nghĩa lâm sàng với nhóm LRP có 2 TH biến chứng Clavien III, số tã dùng trong 24h lúc 3 tháng sau mổ (RARP 〈 RLP), độ giảm điểm IIEF-5 sau mổ 6 tháng (RARP 〉 LRP), chất lượng cuộc sống 6 tháng sau mổ (nhóm RARP tốt hơn). Kết luận: RARP so sánh với LRP là kỹ thuật mổ an toàn với ít biến chứng hơn, triệt căn hơn với việc cắt bỏ được nhiều hạch chậu hơn, hiệu quả hơn với thời gian mổ ngắn hơn, ít mất máu hơn, thời gian dẫn lưu ngắn hơn, ít đau hơn, chức năng cơ quan bảo tồn tốt hơn về kiểm soát nước tiểu sau mổ. Nó có đường cong học tập ngắn hơn và có chất lượng cuộc sống sau mổ tốt hơn cho bệnh nhân . Abstract Introduction: At Binh Dan hospital, radical prostatectomy (RP) was performed by open surgery (since 1998) [1] and by standard laparoscopy (LRP) (since 2004) [2]. Since November 2016, robotics was implemented at our institution. The research question is: what are the advantages / disadvantages for surgeons / patients of robot - assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) versus laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP) ? Objectives: To asssess the efficiency, safety of RARP in comparison to LRP and to recognize the patient group suffering from prostate cancer who are suitable for RARP. Materials and Methods: The patients admitted to Binh Dan hospital with a diagnosis of localized prostate cancer (cT1-T2) or with invasion of capsule and / or seminal vesicles (cT3) underwent RARP or LRP. Non - randomized prospective comparative study comparing short - erm outcomes (less than 1 year) between RARP vs LRP with sampling from Jan 2019 to Dec 2020. Results: There were 40 patients in each group. Patient characteristics before surgery in the two groups did not differ in: age, comorbidities, ASA score, Gleason score, serum PSA, cTNM; The two groups have differences in: the IIEF-5 score (RARP 〉 LRP), BMI (RARP 〉 LRP), Prostate size (RARP 〉 LRP). Perioperative variables: the two groups did not differ in terms of: conversion rate, rate of bladder neck conservation, blood loss, perioperative blood transfusion, intraoperative complications; The two groups had differences in: rate of Rocco stitches (RARP 〉 LRP), number of cases of pelvic lymph node dissection (RARP 〉 LRP), operating time (RARP 〈 LRP), positive surgical margin (RARP 〉 LRP), the number of cases with neurovascular bundle preservation (RARP 〈 LRP). After surgery, the 2 groups did not differ in: Gleason score, pTNM, postoperative complications, postoperative hospital stay; The two groups had differences in: drainage time (RARP 〈 LRP), postoperative pain score (RARP 〈 LRP). Follow - up after surgery 3 months / 6 months, the two groups did not differ in: urinary incontinence at 3 months, 6 months, number of diapers used in 24 hours at 6 months after surgery, IIEF-5 score decrease at 3 months after surgery; The two groups had differences in complications after discharge 〈 6 months after surgery (RARP 〈 RLP), which were clinically significant in the LRP group with 3 complications of Clavien III, complications after surgery 6 months - 1 year (RARP 〈 RLP)which were was clinically significant in the LRP group with 2 complications of Clavien III, the number of diapers used in 24 hours at 3 months postoperatively (RARP 〈 RLP), the decrease in IIEF-5 score after surgery 6 months (RARP 〉 LRP), the patients’ quality of life at 6 months postoperatively (RARP group was better). Conclusions: RARP versus LRP, is a safer procedure with less complications, more radical treatment with more dissectedlymph nodes, more effective with shorter operative time, with trend of less blood loss, shorter drainage time, less pain, better functional outcomes in terms of urinary continence, shorter learning curves and better quality of lifeafter surgery for patients. Two points to be improved are: surgical margins and nerve-sparing technique.

Abstract: The selective expression of CD137 on cells of the immune system (e.g., T and DC cells) and oncogenic cells in several types of cancer leads this molecule to be an attractive target to discover cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, specific antibodies against CD137 are being studied and developed aiming to activate and enhance anti-cancer immune responses as well as suppress oncogenic cells. Accumulating evidence suggests that anti-CD137 antibodies can be used separately to prevent tumor in some cases, while in other cases, these antibodies need to be co-administered with other antibodies or drugs/vaccines/regents for a better performance. Thus, in this work, we aim to update and discuss current knowledge about anti-cancer effects of anti-CD137 antibodies as mono- and combined-immunotherapies.

Abstract: The aim of the study was to report the results of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) study conducted from May 2008 to March 2015. Methods A device-associated healthcare-acquired infection surveillance study in three adult intensive care units (ICUs) and 1 neonatal ICU from 4 hospitals in Vietnam using U.S. the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s National Healthcare Safety Network (CDC/NHSN) definitions and criteria as well as INICC methods. Results We followed 1592 adult ICU patients for 12,580 bed-days and 845 neonatal ICU patients for 4907 bed-days. Central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) per 1000 central line-days rate was 9.8 in medical/surgical UCIs and 1.5 in the medical ICU. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) rate per 1000 mechanical ventilator-days was 13.4 in medical/surgical ICUs and 23.7 in the medical ICU. Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) rate per 1000 urinary catheter-days was 0.0 in medical/surgical ICUs and 5.3 in the medical ICU. While most device-associated healthcare-acquired infection rates were similar to INICC international rates (4.9 [CLABSI]; 16.5 [VAP] ; 5.3 [CAUTI]), they were higher than CDC/NHSN rates (0.8 [CLABSI] , 1.1 [VAP], and 1.3 [CAUTI] ) for medical/surgical ICUs, with the exception of CAUTI rate for medical/surgical ICU and CLABSI rate for the medical ICU. Because of limited resources of our Vietnamese ICUs, cultures could not be taken as required by the CDC/NHSN criteria, and therefore, there was underreporting of CLABSI and CAUTI, influencing their rates. Most device utilization ratios and bacterial resistance percentages were higher than INICC and CDC/NHSN rates. Conclusions Device-associated healthcare-acquired infection rates found in the ICUs of our study were higher than CDC/NHSN US rates, but similar to INICC international rates. It is necessary to build more capacity to conduct surveillance and prevention strategies.