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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    Iodine deficiency during pregnancy: a national cross-sectional survey in Latvia
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2015
    In:  Public Health Nutrition Vol. 18, No. 16 ( 2015-11), p. 2990-2997
    Details
    In: Public Health Nutrition, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 18, No. 16 ( 2015-11), p. 2990-2997
    Abstract: Low iodine intake during pregnancy may cause thyroid dysfunction, which results in inadequate fetal brain development. In the absence of a universal salt iodization programme, we conducted a nationwide survey of iodine deficiency in pregnant women in Latvia. Design A countrywide twenty-cluster survey, with at least twenty women per cluster. Participants completed a questionnaire on dietary habits concerning iodine intake ( n 739). Thyroid function (thyroid-stimulating hormone, free thyroxine and thyroperoxidase antibodies) was measured ( n 550). Urinary iodine was measured using the ammonium persulfate method ( n 696). Setting The survey was performed in all regions of Latvia during the spring and autumn seasons in 2013. Subjects Pregnant women ( n 829). Results The median creatinine (Cr)-standardized urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was 80·8 (interquartile range (IQR) 46·1–130·6) µg/g Cr or 69·4 (IQR 53·9–92·6) µg/l during pregnancy, and 81 % of pregnant women had UIC levels below the WHO recommended range of 150–250 µg/g Cr. The UIC was lowest during the first trimester of pregnancy, 56·0 (IQR 36·4–100·6) µg/g Cr, reaching higher concentrations of 87·5 (IQR 46·4–141·7) µg/g Cr and 86·9 (IQR 53·8–140·6) µg/g Cr in the second and third trimesters, respectively. Women taking supplements containing ≥150 µg iodine (6·8 % of respondents) had non-significantly higher UIC than did women without supplementation (96·2 v. 80·3 µg/g Cr, respectively, P= NS). Thyroperoxidase antibody concentration did not correlate significantly with UIC: Spearman’s ρ =−0·012, P =0·78. Conclusions The median UIC indicates iodine deficiency in pregnant women in Latvia. Iodine supplementation (150 µg daily) and regular UIC monitoring should be suggested to overcome iodine deficiency and to reach the recommended levels without inducing autoimmune processes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1368-9800 , 1475-2727
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1368980015000464
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016337-X
    SSG: 21
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Iodine Deficiency in Latvia: Current Status and Need for National Recommendations
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2017
    In:  Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. Vol. 71, No. 6 ( 2017-12-1), p. 401-407
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences., Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 71, No. 6 ( 2017-12-1), p. 401-407
    Abstract: In the absence of a mandatory salt iodisation programme, two nationwide cross-sectional cluster surveys revealed persisting iodine deficiency among Latvian schoolchildren during the spring season and a noteworthy iodine deficiency in pregnant women in Latvia; these deficiencies warrant intervention. The consequences of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency during pregnancy and lactation can adversely affect foetal brain development. Data from a Latvian population survey revealed the consumption of approximately 100 μg of iodine per day through foods and iodised salt. Therefore, strategies to increase the consumption of iodine-containing products should be implemented, particularly for children. In addition, to meet the increased iodine requirement during pregnancy, pregnant women should take daily supplements containing 150 μg iodine from the earliest time possible. All women of childbearing age should be advised to increase their dietary iodine intake by using iodised table salt and iodine-rich products: seafood, milk and milk products. For women with pre-existing thyroid pathologies, the medical decision should be considered on a case-by-case basis. Urinary iodine concentration monitoring among schoolchildren and pregnant women and neonatal thyrotropin registry analysis every five years would be an appropriate strategy for maintaining iodine intake within the interval that prevents iodine deficiency disorders.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1407-009X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1515/prolas-2017-0071
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487550-8
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Role of Selenium and Iodine on thyroid status in the first trimester of pregnancy
    Bioscientifica ; 2020
    In:  Endocrine Abstracts ( 2020-08-21)
    Details
    In: Endocrine Abstracts, Bioscientifica, ( 2020-08-21)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1479-6848
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1530/endoabs.70.EP519
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Bioscientifica
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Assessment of Iodine and Selenium Nutritional Status in Women of Reproductive Age in Latvia
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Medicina Vol. 57, No. 11 ( 2021-11-05), p. 1211-
    Details
    In: Medicina, MDPI AG, Vol. 57, No. 11 ( 2021-11-05), p. 1211-
    Abstract: Background and Objectives: Adequate dietary intake of iodine and selenium is essential during pregnancy. While iodine is vital for maternal thyroid function and fetal development, selenium contributes to the regulation of thyroid function and thyroid autoimmunity. This study aimed to assess the consumption of iodine- and selenium-containing products by women of reproductive age and the iodine and selenium nutritional status of pregnant women in Latvia. Materials and Methods: Population health survey (2010–2018) data were used to characterize dietary habits in women of reproductive age. Additionally, 129 pregnant women in the first trimester were recruited; they completed a questionnaire and were tested for thyroid function, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and serum selenium and selenoprotein P levels. Results: The use of some dietary sources of iodine (e.g., milk and dairy products) and selenium (e.g., bread) has decreased in recent years. Less than 10% of respondents reported the use of iodized salt. The use of supplements has become more common (reported by almost 50% of respondents in 2018). Dietary habits were similar in pregnant women, but the use of supplements was even higher (almost 70%). Nevertheless, most supplements used in pregnancy had insufficient contents of iodine and selenium. Thyroid function was euthyreotic in all women, but 13.9% of participants had a thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPO-ab) level above 60 IU/mL. The median UIC (IQR) was 147.2 (90.0–248.1) μg/gCr, and 52.8% of pregnant women had a UIC below 150 μg/gCr. The mean selenium (SD) level was 101.5 (35.6) μg/L; 30.1% of women had a selenium level below 80 μg/L. The median selenoprotein P level was 6.9 (3.1–9.0) mg/L. Conclusions: Iodine nutrition in Latvian population of pregnant women was near the lower limit of adequate and a third of the population had a selenium deficiency. Supplements were frequently used, but most did not contain the recommended amounts of iodine and selenium.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1648-9144
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medicina57111211
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2088820-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Retrospective Serological Evidence of High Exposure of Globally Relevant Zoonotic Parasite Toxoplasma Gondii in The Latvian Population
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2019
    In:  Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. Vol. 73, No. 2 ( 2019-05-01), p. 146-151
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences., Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 73, No. 2 ( 2019-05-01), p. 146-151
    Abstract: Toxoplasmosis is an important infection caused by the single-celled parasite Toxoplasma gondii , which is a zoonotic parasite causing widespread human and animal diseases, mostly involving the central nervous system. Humans can acquire toxoplasmosis by ingestion of raw or undercooked meat containing T. gondii tissue cysts, ingestion of oocysts shed by infected felids via contaminated food or water, and by vertical transmission to the fetus through the placenta from the mother during pregnancy. The aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of specific anti- T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies using a large set of clinical diagnostic laboratory data obtained over a 14-year period. In total, 25 069 unique patients were included in the present study. The overall specific anti- T. gondii IgG prevalence were 36.3%, which was significantly ( p 〈 0.01) higher than IgM prevalence (2.4%). Mean age for IgG antibody-positive patients was 33.7 ± 12.2 years. A significant positive correlation (r = 0.99; p 〈 0.01) was observed between age group and anti- T. gondii IgG antibody prevalence, which ranged from 4.2% to 66.7%. The most prevalent (69.9%; 95% CI 69.2–70.7) comorbidities of patients tested for presence of anti- T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies were classified as factors affecting health status which includes also monitoring of normal pregnancy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1407-009X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2478/prolas-2019-0023
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2487550-8
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Voluntary supplementation does not fully correct iodine deficiency among Latvian pregnant women: a national cross-sectional survey
    Bioscientifica ; 2014
    In:  Endocrine Abstracts ( 2014-04-17)
    Details
    In: Endocrine Abstracts, Bioscientifica, ( 2014-04-17)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1479-6848
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1530/endoabs.35.P1059
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Bioscientifica
    Publication Date: 2014
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