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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Scientific discovery in the age of artificial intelligence
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Nature Vol. 620, No. 7972 ( 2023-08-03), p. 47-60
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 620, No. 7972 ( 2023-08-03), p. 47-60
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06221-2
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 120714-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1413423-8
    SSG: 11
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The development of laterite weathering profiles as a function of rainfall and time: A geophysical approach
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
    Details
    In: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, Wiley
    Abstract: Laterite weathering profile (LWP) thicknesses are functions of precipitation rate and time, but their exact dependence on them is uncertain. We investigate LWP development on ground surfaces in Hawai'i that are neither aggrading nor eroding across substrates from 0.01 to 4 Ma and rainfall rates of 〈 250 to 〉 3000 mm/a. The Hawaiian Islands provide an excellent opportunity for LWP studies across climates and over millions of years on a single rock type, basalt. LWP weathering rates are usually determined by geochemical approaches. We present a geophysical method once bedrock ages and precipitation rates are known. We employed multichannel analysis of surface waves and horizontal‐to‐vertical spectral ratio methods. Results indicate that 〉 70% of the variability in LWP thickness is due to precipitation and bedrock age. The remainder is attributed to measurement uncertainty and heterogeneity in the permeability of basalt. LWPs develop by two paths. Dry ( 〈 1000 mm/a) areas have a negative water balance with evapotranspiration exceeding rainfall. LWPs thicken until they reach a steady state where the storage capacity of the saprolite precludes the percolation of water into subjacent lava. In wetter areas, downslope interflow produces thick laterite wedges near coastlines that migrate upslope over ~1 Ma. Subsequently, they thicken and reach a steady state where precipitation cannot deliver water through the vadose zone. LWPs' thickness ( T ) increases as a function of time ( t ) and precipitation ( P ) according to the expression (95% confidence): . The first partial derivative, or weathering rate, is . Weathering rates decrease with time and are strong functions of t and P . These expressions add considerable insight into the rates and processes driving weathering at large scales and can also be solved for t , giving a rough estimate of the time of landscape formation of eroded surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0197-9337 , 1096-9837
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/esp.5688
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1479188-2
    SSG: 14
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Publisher Correction: Scientific discovery in the age of artificial intelligence
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Nature Vol. 621, No. 7978 ( 2023-09-14), p. E33-E33
    Details
    In: Nature, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 621, No. 7978 ( 2023-09-14), p. E33-E33
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-0836 , 1476-4687
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06559-7
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 120714-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1413423-8
    SSG: 11
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Variational LSTM Emulator of Sea Level Contribution From the Antarctic Ice Sheet
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2023-12)
    Details
    In: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 15, No. 12 ( 2023-12)
    Abstract: A neural network (NN)‐based emulator of Antarctic ice sheet mass loss over the 21st century is introduced The proposed emulator is fast to train, handles large inputs, models temporal correlations and quantifies uncertainty The proposed NN emulator outperforms a standard Gaussian Process emulator on a range of metrics, including computational cost and accuracy
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1942-2466 , 1942-2466
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2023MS003899
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2462132-8
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Outcomes and Costs of Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit Due to Accidental or Intentional Poisoning
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Intensive Care Medicine Vol. 35, No. 4 ( 2020-04), p. 386-393
    Details
    In: Journal of Intensive Care Medicine, SAGE Publications, Vol. 35, No. 4 ( 2020-04), p. 386-393
    Abstract: Acute poisoning represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and many of these patients are admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). However, little is known regarding ICU costs of acute poisoning. Methods: This was a retrospective matched database analysis of patients admitted to the ICU with acute poisoning from 2011 to 2014. It was performed in 2 ICUs within a single tertiary care hospital system. All patient information, outcomes, and costs were stored in the hospital data warehouse. Control patients were defined as randomly selected age-, sex-, severity index-, and comorbidity index-matched nonpoisoned ICU patients (1:4 matching ratio). Results: A total of 8452 critically ill patients were admitted during the study period, of whom 277 had a diagnosis of acute poisoning. The mean age was 44.5 years, and the most common xenobiotics implicated were sedative hypnotics (20.2%), antidepressants (15.2%), and opioids (10.5%). Of these, 73.6% of poisonings were deemed intentional. In-hospital mortality of poisoned patients was 5.1%, compared to 11.1% for control patients ( P 〈 .01). The median ICU length of stay (LOS) for poisoned patients was 3.0 days, compared with 4.0 days for control patients ( P 〈 .01). The mean total cost for poisoned patients was CAD$18 958. Control patients had a significantly higher mean total cost of CAD$60 628 ( P 〈 .01). The xenobiotics associated with the highest costs were acetaminophen (CAD$18 585), toxic alcohols (CAD$16 771), and opioids (CAD$12 967). Conclusions: In our cohort, we confirmed the long-held belief that patients admitted to the ICU with a primary diagnosis of poisoning have a lower mortality rate, ICU LOS, and overall cost per ICU admission than nonpoisoned patients. However, poisoned patients still accrue significant daily costs, with the highest costs attributed to xenobiotics with known antidotes, such as acetaminophen, toxic alcohols, and opioids.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0885-0666 , 1525-1489
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/0885066617754046
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2001472-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Double-Row Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Is More Cost-Effective Than Single-Row Repair
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery Vol. 99, No. 20 ( 2017-10-18), p. 1730-1736
    Details
    In: Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 99, No. 20 ( 2017-10-18), p. 1730-1736
    Abstract: The optimal technique for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair is controversial, and both single and double-row techniques are commonly used. In the current era of increasing costs, health-care delivery models are focusing on the value of care. In this study, we compared the cost-effectiveness of single-row and double-row reconstructions in patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Methods: A cost-utility analysis was performed from the perspective of a publicly funded health-care system. Health-care costs, probabilities, and utility values were derived from the published literature. Efficacy data were obtained from a previous randomized controlled trial comparing the effect of single-row (n = 48) or double-row (n = 42) reconstruction among 90 surgical patients. Unit cost data were obtained from a hospital database and the Ontario Schedule of Benefits and Fees. Results are presented as an incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained. All costs are presented in 2015 Canadian dollars. A series of 1-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: Double-row fixation was more costly ($2,134.41 compared with $1,654.76) but was more effective than the single-row method (4.073 compared with 4.055 QALYs). An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was estimated to be $26,666.75 per QALY gained for double-row relative to single-row fixation. A subgroup analysis demonstrated that patients with larger rotator cuff tears (≥3 cm) had a lower ICER, suggesting that double-row fixation may be more cost-effective for larger tears. Conclusions: Based on the willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000 per QALY gained, double-row fixation was found to be more cost-effective than single-row. Furthermore, a double-row reconstruction was found to be more economically attractive for larger rotator cuff tears (≥3 cm). Level of Evidence: Economic and Decision Analysis Level IV . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9355 , 1535-1386
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.16.01044
    RVK:
    XA 52200.A
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characteristics, Outcomes, and Cost Patterns of High-Cost Patients in the Intensive Care Unit
    Hindawi Limited ; 2018
    In:  Critical Care Research and Practice Vol. 2018 ( 2018-09-02), p. 1-7
    Details
    In: Critical Care Research and Practice, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2018 ( 2018-09-02), p. 1-7
    Abstract: Background . ICU care is costly, and there is a large variation in cost among patients. Methods . This is an observational study conducted at two ICUs in an academic centre. We compared the demographics, clinical data, and outcomes of the highest decile of patients by total costs, to the rest of the population. Results . A total of 7,849 patients were included. The high-cost group had a longer median ICU length of stay (26 versus 4 days, P 〈 0.001 ) and amounted to 49% of total costs. In-hospital mortality was lower in the high-cost group (21.1% versus 28.4%, P 〈 0.001 ). Fewer high-cost patients were discharged home (23.9% versus 45.2%, P 〈 0.001 ), and a large proportion were transferred to long-term care (35.1% versus 12.1%, P 〈 0.001 ). Patients with younger age or a diagnosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage, acute respiratory failure, or complications of procedures were more likely to be high cost. Conclusions . High-cost users utilized half of the total costs. While cost is associated with LOS, other drivers include younger age or admission for respiratory failure, subarachnoid hemorrhage, or after a procedural complication. Cost-reduction interventions should incorporate strategies to optimize critical care use among these patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2090-1305 , 2090-1313
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2018/5452683
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2573849-5
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    1413: OUTCOMES AND COSTS OF PATIENTS WITH SEPSIS TRANSFERRED TO A TERTIARY CARE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2018
    In:  Critical Care Medicine Vol. 46, No. 1 ( 2018-01), p. 690-690
    Details
    In: Critical Care Medicine, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 46, No. 1 ( 2018-01), p. 690-690
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0090-3493
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000529415.77199.43
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2034247-0
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    469: OUTCOMES AND COST ANALYSIS OF PATIENTS ADMITTED TO THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT FOR ACUTE POISONING
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2018
    In:  Critical Care Medicine Vol. 46, No. 1 ( 2018-01), p. 218-218
    Details
    In: Critical Care Medicine, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 46, No. 1 ( 2018-01), p. 218-218
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0090-3493
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000528487.44583.c4
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2034247-0
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Is Cost-Effective Compared with Hemiarthroplasty : A Real-World Economic Evaluation
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery Vol. 103, No. 16 ( 2021-8-18), p. 1499-1509
    Details
    In: Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 103, No. 16 ( 2021-8-18), p. 1499-1509
    Abstract: Although outcome studies generally demonstrate the superiority of a total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) over a hemiarthroplasty (HA), comparative cost-effectiveness has not been well studied. From a publicly funded health-care system’s perspective, this study compared the costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) in patients who underwent TSA with those in patients who underwent HA. Methods: We conducted a cost-utility analysis using a Markov model to simulate the costs and QALYs for patients undergoing either TSA or HA over a lifetime horizon to account for costs and medically important events over the patient lifetime. Subgroup analyses by age groups (≤50 or 〉 50 years) were performed. A series of sensitivity analyses were performed to assess robustness of study findings. The results were presented in 2019 U.S. dollars. Results: TSA was dominant as it was less costly ($115,785 compared with $118,501) and more effective (10.21 compared with 8.47 QALYs) than HA over a lifetime horizon. Changes to health utility values after TSA and HA had the largest impact on the cost-effectiveness findings. At a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of $50,000 per QALY gained, HA was not found to be cost-effective. The probability that TSA was cost-effective was 100%. Conclusions: Based on a WTP of $50,000 per QALY gained, from the perspective of Canada’s publicly funded health-care system, TSA was found to be cost-effective in all patients, including those ≤50 years of age, compared with HA. Level of Evidence: Economic and Decision Analysis Level II . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-9355 , 1535-1386
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.20.00678
    RVK:
    XA 52200.A
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
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