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  • 1
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    The possibility of improving meat quality by using peas and faba beans in feed for broiler chickens
    HACCP Consulting ; 2021
    In:  Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences Vol. 15 ( 2021-01-28), p. 40-51
    Details
    In: Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences, HACCP Consulting, Vol. 15 ( 2021-01-28), p. 40-51
    Abstract: The price-to-quality ratio of broiler chicken meat is one of the reasons why consumers use these products in their daily diet. The quality of poultry products such as meat is closely associated with the nutritional value and quality of feed fed to broilers. In composing broiler diets, the main focus is turned on crude protein (CP). Because of the trend for the poultry industry to reduce its dependence on soybean meal as a source of protein, the role of pulses in the supply of protein and energy, which could partly replace the soybean meal in poultry diets, increases. Due to considerable progress in plant breeding, the present research study used peas (Pisum sativum) of the var. ‘Bruno’ and var. ‘Pinochio’ as well as faba beans (Vicia faba minora) of the var. ‘Lielplatone’ was developed in Latvia. Higher protein diets induce a higher meat protein content, accordingly, feed proteins are hydrolyzed in the digestive system into amino acids (AA) that, after absorption, are used to form proteins and to build different body tissues. The most important AA was twofold lower in peas and faba beans than in soybean meal. Although the amount of AA in feed is not directly proportional to the content of AA in broiler chicken meat, the amount of AA in poultry feed can significantly affect an important meat quality criterion for consumers – the nutritional value of protein. Therefore, the research aimed to identify changes in AA composition and chemical composition – a qualitative property of poultry meat – as a result of adding pulses (peas and beans) to poultry diets. The research results showed that the diets with an addition of faba beans and peas had a positive effect on the level of essential amino acids (EAA) and non-essential amino acids (NEAA) in broiler meat, decreased cholesterol concentration in meat, and increased energy value of meat.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1337-0960
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5219/1451
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: HACCP Consulting
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2611000-3
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  • 2
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    Analysis of 18 Free Amino Acids in Honeybee and Bumblebee Honey from Eastern and Northern Europe and Central Asia Using HPLC-ESI-TQ-MS/MS Approach Bypassing Derivatization Step
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Foods Vol. 11, No. 18 ( 2022-09-07), p. 2744-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 18 ( 2022-09-07), p. 2744-
    Abstract: The profile of amino acids and mono- and disaccharides in conventional polyfloral honey originated from Latvia and Tajikistan and less found in nature bumblebee honey from Russia was investigated. The analysis of free amino acids (FAAs) accomplished by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) using triple quadrupole mass selective detection (HPLC-ESI-TQ-MS/MS) revealed the presence of 17 FAAs. The concentration of FAAs varied in the range of 0.02–44.41 mg 100 g−1 FW. Proline was the main representative of FAAs, contributing to the total amount of FAAs from 41.7% to 80.52%. The highest concentration of proline was found in bumblebee and buckwheat honey, corresponding to 44.41 and 41.02 mg 100 g−1, respectively. The concentration of essential amino acids (AAs), i.e., leucine, and isoleucine was found to be the highest in buckwheat honey contributing up to 12.5% to the total amount of FAAs. While, the concentration of branched-chain AAs fluctuated within the range of 1.08–31.13 mg 100 g−1 FW, with buckwheat honey having the highest content and polyfloral honey the lowest, respectively. The results of this study confirmed the abundance of FAAs both in honeybee and bumblebee honey. However, the concentration of individual FAAs, such as proline, aspartic acid, leucine, and isoleucine in bumblebee honey was many folds higher than observed in honeybee polyfloral honey.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods11182744
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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  • 3
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    The Release of Non-Extractable Ferulic Acid from Cereal By-Products by Enzyme-Assisted Hydrolysis for Possible Utilization in Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Nanomaterials Vol. 12, No. 17 ( 2022-09-02), p. 3053-
    Details
    In: Nanomaterials, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 17 ( 2022-09-02), p. 3053-
    Abstract: The present work was undertaken to elucidate the potential contribution of biosynthetically produced ferulic acid (FA) via enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) of rye bran (RB) to the formation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) during green synthesis. An analytical approach accomplished by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) using triple quadrupole mass selective detection (HPLC-ESI-TQ-MS/MS) of the obtained hydrolysate revealed a relative abundance of two isomeric forms of FA, i.e., trans-FA (t-FA) and trans-iso-FA (t-iso-FA). Further analysis utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography with refractive index (HPLC-RID) detection confirmed the effectiveness of RB EH, indicating the presence of cellulose and hemicellulose degradation products in the hydrolysate, i.e., xylose, arabinose, and glucose. The purification process by solid-phase extraction with styrene-divinylbenzene-based reversed-phase sorbent ensured up to 116.02 and 126.21 mg g−1 of t-FA and t-iso-FA in the final eluate fraction, respectively. In the green synthesis of AgNPs using synthetic t-FA, the formation of NPs with an average size of 56.8 nm was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques. The inclusion of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-40) in the composition of NPs during synthesis favorably affected the morphological features, i.e., the size and shape of AgNPs, in which as big as 22.4 nm NPs were engineered. Meanwhile, nearly homogeneous round-shaped AgNPs with an average size of 16.5 nm were engineered using biosynthetically produced a mixture of t-FA and t-iso-FA and PVP-40 as a capping agent. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus was confirmed by the disk diffusion method and additionally supported by values of minimum inhibitory (MIC) and bactericidal (MBC) concentrations. Given the need to reduce problems of environmental pollution with cereal processing by-products, this study demonstrated a technological solution of RB rational use in the sustainable production of AgNPs during green synthesis. The AgNPs can be considered as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) to be used for developing new antimicrobial agents and modifying therapies in treating multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-4991
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/nano12173053
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662255-5
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  • 4
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    Effect of dietary supplementation with β-glucan on growth performance and skin-mucus microbiota of sea trout ( Salmo trutta )
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2020
    In:  Fisheries & Aquatic Life Vol. 28, No. 3 ( 2020-09-01), p. 155-165
    Details
    In: Fisheries & Aquatic Life, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 28, No. 3 ( 2020-09-01), p. 155-165
    Abstract: This study was performed to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with β-glucan on the growth performance and skin-mucus microbiota of sea trout, Salmo trutta L. in Latvia. The investigations were performed during an eight-month period (September 2018 – April 2019). A total of 15,000 sea trout were divided into five groups. The experimental fish were fed formulated diets enriched with 1 g kg −1 β-glucan (D2), 3 g kg −1 β-glucan (D3), 6 g kg −1 biological product BGN-2 (BGN-2) (D4), and 14 g kg −1 BGN-2 (D5). The control diet (D1) was not supplemented. Our results showed that fish fed diets D4 and D5 achieved significantly (P 〈 0.05) higher growth parameters compared to those fed the other diets. Pseudomonas and Aeromonas were detected as the main component of fish skin and gill microbiota. Beta-glucan did not affect the skin-mucus microbiota of the sea trout. All isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, ampicillin, cefalexin, and erythromycin and susceptible to gentamicin. The multiple antibiotic resistance index for all isolates was higher than 0.2.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2545-059X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2478/aopf-2020-0019
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2977801-3
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  • 5
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    Effect of Probiotics and Herbal Products on Intestinal Histomorphological and Immunological Development in Piglets
    Hindawi Limited ; 2020
    In:  Veterinary Medicine International Vol. 2020 ( 2020-04-24), p. 1-14
    Details
    In: Veterinary Medicine International, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2020 ( 2020-04-24), p. 1-14
    Abstract: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of probiotics and herbal products on the intestinal histomorphological and immunological development in piglets. Accordingly, 2-week-old piglets were allocated in 4 groups: C (basal diet), Pro (basal diet + probiotics), Pro+B (basal diet + probiotics + buckwheat bran), and H (powder of herbs). After 6 weeks of the experiment, 4 piglets from each experimental group were randomly selected and slaughtered at a slaughterhouse. Samples of tissue and digestive content from the jejunum and colon were collected for bacteriological, histological, and immunohistochemical examination. The results showed that probiotics increased the number of Lactobacillus spp. in the small p 〈 0.05 and large intestines. The intestinal histomorphology was improved p 〈 0.05 in all experimental groups by an increased villus height, VH : CD ration, colon crypt depth, and number of Ki-67 + epithelial cells. A higher number p 〈 0.05 of goblet cells and their acidification were observed in group Pro, while the density of goblet cells was decreased by the herbs. Probiotics increased p 〈 0.05 the number of intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs), density of CD3 + cells in Peyer’s patches (PPs), and lamina propria (LP). In group H, a dual effect on the CD3 + cell distribution was observed. The herbs reduced p 〈 0.05 the number of IELs and CD3 + in LP but increased the distribution of CD3 + cells in PPs. In the colon, herbs increased CD3 + cells in LP as well. It suggests that probiotics and herbs had influence on the intestinal histomorphology and the ability to modulate the mucosal immune system; however, the combination of probiotics and buckwheat bran was not so convincing, probably due to the inhibitory effect of the buckwheat bran on the probiotics used.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2090-8113 , 2042-0048
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2020/3461768
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2536385-2
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  • 6
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    Effect of Essential Oils Supplemented with Caprylic Acid and Sodium Chloride against Faecal ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Pigs
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Antibiotics Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2022-03-29), p. 461-
    Details
    In: Antibiotics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 4 ( 2022-03-29), p. 461-
    Abstract: The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the antibacterial activity of six commercial and lab-scale extracted essential oils (EOs) alone or in combination with caprylic acid (CA) and sodium chloride (NaCl) against faecal Escherichia coli with and without extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) encoding genes, and of isolates classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was used for the analysis of chemical composition of EOs, while the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays were carried out to elucidate the antibacterial activity of non-supplemented and supplemented EOs against different resistance levels of E. coli strains. The main compounds in commercial EOs were aromatic monoterpenoids (30–56%) and p-cymene (8–35%), while the main compounds in the lab-scale EOs were aromatic monoterpenoids (12–37%) and γ-terpinene (18–22%). Commercial EOs exhibited superior inhibitory activity of E. coli in comparison to lab-scale produced EOs. Antibacterial activity of EOs was significantly enhanced by enrichment of the EOs with NaCl (p 〈 0.001) or CA (p = 0.012). Most of the non-supplemented EOs exhibited lower activity against MDR and ESBL producing E. coli. In contrast, EOs supplemented with CA and especially NaCl was equally effective against ESBL and non-ESBL as well as MDR and non-MDR E. coli. It was found that supplementation of EOs with NaCl could enhance the antibacterial activity towards ESBL and MDR E. coli isolates. However, additional studies are needed to clarify the potential risks of developing resistance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6382
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11040461
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2681345-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 7
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    Cells and Cytokines in Milk of Subclinically Infected Bovine Mammary Glands after the Use of Immunomodulatory Composition GLP 810
    Hindawi Limited ; 2020
    In:  Mediators of Inflammation Vol. 2020 ( 2020-03-10), p. 1-12
    Details
    In: Mediators of Inflammation, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2020 ( 2020-03-10), p. 1-12
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of intramammary infusions of natural composition GLP 810 with immunomodulating properties on the local nonspecific cellular and humoral immune response in cows with subclinical mastitis. The composition GLP 810 consists of lactic acid, lysozyme, glycopeptides, and 0.9% solution of NaCl. The following parameters were studied: (1) leukocyte differential distribution in milk, (2) expression of cytokines in milk leukocytes, (3) antibacterial activity, and (4) milk quality. Nineteen mammary glands in five lactating cows were infused with 10 mL of GLP 810, and nineteen other glands from five control cows were treated with 10 mL 0.9% NaCl. The results showed that after intramammary administration of the composition GLP 810 three times with 48 h intervals, the following effects on leukocyte populations in milk were observed: (1) an increase in the number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and lymphocytes and (2) a decrease in the number of macrophages. A reduction in the number of pathogenic bacteria was also detected. The analyses of tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-10, and beta-defensin-2 revealed that the production of the aforementioned cytokines significantly increased, whereas no significant effects on interleukin-1 and caspase-6 expression in milk leukocytes were recorded. However, there were significant differences between mammary glands with high and low milk somatic cell count. The results suggest that the composition GLP 810 has an immunomodulatory effect on mammary glands and it could be used for improving the immune response in cows with subclinical mastitis during lactation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-9351 , 1466-1861
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2020/8238029
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008065-7
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  • 8
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    Genomic Characterization and Initial Insight into Mastitis-Associated SNP Profiles of Local Latvian Bos taurus Breeds
    MDPI AG ; 2023
    In:  Animals Vol. 13, No. 17 ( 2023-08-31), p. 2776-
    Details
    In: Animals, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 17 ( 2023-08-31), p. 2776-
    Abstract: Latvia has two local Bos taurus breeds—Latvian Brown (LBG) and Latvian Blue (LZG)—characterized by a good adaptation to the local climate, longevity, and high fat and protein contents in milk. Since these are desired traits in the dairy industry, this study investigated the genetic background of the LBG and LZG breeds and identified the genetic factors associated with mastitis. Blood and semen samples were acquired, and whole genome sequencing was then performed to acquire a genomic sequence with at least 35× or 10× coverage. The heterozygosity, nucleotide diversity, and LD analysis indicated that LBG and LZG cows have similar levels of genetic diversity compared to those of other breeds. An analysis of the population structure revealed that each breed clustered together, but the overall differentiation between the breeds was small. The highest genetic variance was observed in the LZG breed compared with the LBG breed. Our results show that SNP rs721295390 is associated with mastitis in the LBG breed, and SNPs rs383806754, chr29:43998719CG 〉 C, and rs462030680 are associated with mastitis in the LZG breed. This study shows that local Latvian LBG and LZG breeds have a pronounced genetic differentiation, with each one suggesting its own mastitis-associated SNP profile.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2615
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ani13172776
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2606558-7
    SSG: 23
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  • 9
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    The Prevalence and Characterization of Fecal Extended-Spectrum-Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Pigs on Farms of Different Sizes in Latvia
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Antibiotics Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2021-09-11), p. 1099-
    Details
    In: Antibiotics, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 9 ( 2021-09-11), p. 1099-
    Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of fecal ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) in pigs on large and small farms in Latvia, to characterize beta-lactamase genes and establish an antimicrobial resistance profile. Fecal samples (n = 615) were collected from 4-week, 5-week, 6-week, 8-week, 12-week and 20-week-old piglets, pigs and sows on four large farms (L1, L2, L3, L4) and three small farms (S1, S2, S3) in Latvia. ChromArt ESBL agar and combination disc tests were used for the screening and confirmation of ESBL-producing E. coli. The antimicrobial resistance was determined by the disc diffusion method and ESBL genes were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Subsequently, ESBL-producing E. coli was confirmed on three large farms, L1 (64.3%), L2 (29.9%), L3 (10.7%) and one small farm, S1 (47.5%); n = 144 (23.4%). The prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli differed considerably between the large and small farm groups (26.9% vs. 12.7%). Of ESBL E. coli isolates, 96% were multidrug-resistant (MDR), demonstrating there were more extensive MDR phenotypes on large farms. The distribution of ESBL genes was blaTEM (94%), blaCTX-M (86%) and blaSHV (48%). On the small farm, blaSHV dominated, thus demonstrating a positive association with resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftazidime and cefixime, while on the large farms, blaCTX-M with a positive association to cephalexin and several non-beta lactam antibiotics dominated. The results indicated the prevalence of a broad variety of ESBL-producing E. coli among the small and large farms, putting the larger farms at a higher risk. Individual monitoring of ESBL and their antimicrobial resistance could be an important step in revealing hazardous MDR ESBL-producing E. coli strains and reviewing the management of antibiotic use.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6382
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091099
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2681345-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 10
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    Diversity of Microscopic Fungi in the Raw Milk from Latvian Organic Farms
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 2014
    In:  Proceedings of the Latvia University of Agriculture Vol. 31, No. 1 ( 2014-7-29), p. 46-53
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Latvia University of Agriculture, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 31, No. 1 ( 2014-7-29), p. 46-53
    Abstract: Raw milk is an ideal growth medium for microorganisms (including many fungal species), as such milk provides all necessary nutrients and conditions for their growth. The objective of the present study was to investigate the diversity of microscopic fungi in the milk obtained in Latvian organic farms depending on cow herd size and season. The study was carried out on 547 milk samples taken from 14 organic dairy farms from December 2011 to November 2012. The farms were divided into three groups according to herd size: small (S - 3-30 cows per shed), medium (M – 31–60 cows per shed), and large (L – 61–120 cows per shed). Milk samples from all four quarters in the same sampling tube were studied. Yeasts and moulds were found in 63.1% and 44.2% of samples, respectively. The identified mould strains belonged to 15 genera - most frequently to Absidia, Aspergillus, Apophysomyces, Mucor, Penicillium , and Rhizopus spp . The highest occurrence of yeasts and moulds was in L herds (73.6% and 50.9%, respectively). Also, milk samples from L herds had the greatest degree of yeast and mould contamination (5.3 and 2.8 log CFU mL -1 , respectively). It was found that the occurrence of yeasts was similar by seasons (54.9–68.9%), varying from 5.5 log CFU mL -1 in winter to 2.1–3.3 log CFU mL -1 in other seasons. The occurrence of moulds was the highest in spring (61.6%) and autumn (58.5%), but in winter and summer it was twice lower. The milk samples obtained in winter and summer contained more mould colonies (2.7 and 2.5 log CFU mL -1 , respectively) than those obtained in spring and autumn (1.8–1.3 log CFU mL -1 , respectively).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2255-8535
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2478/plua-2014-0006
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2936027-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2686282-7
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