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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Formation of the Periotic Space During the Early Fetal Period in Humans
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  The Anatomical Record Vol. 301, No. 4 ( 2018-04), p. 563-570
    Details
    In: The Anatomical Record, Wiley, Vol. 301, No. 4 ( 2018-04), p. 563-570
    Abstract: The inner ear is a very complicated structure, composed of a bony labyrinth (otic capsule; OC), membranous labyrinth, with a space between them, named the periotic labyrinth or periotic space. We investigated how periotic tissue fluid spaces covered the membranous labyrinth three‐dimensionally, leading to formation of the periotic labyrinth encapsulated in the OC during human fetal development. Digital data sets from magnetic resonance images and phase‐contrast X‐ray tomography images of 24 inner ear organs from 24 human fetuses from the Kyoto Collection (fetuses in trimesters 1 and 2; crown—rump length: 14.4–197 mm) were analyzed. The membranous labyrinth was morphologically differentiated in samples at the end of the embryonic period (Carnegie stage 23), and had grown linearly to more than eight times in size during the observation period. The periotic space was first detected at the 35‐mm samples, around the vestibule and basal turn of the cochlea, which elongated rapidly to the tip of the cochlea and semicircular ducts, successively, and almost covered the membranous labyrinth at the 115‐mm CRL stage or later. In those samples, several ossification centers were detected around the space. This article thus demonstrated that formation of the membranous labyrinth, periotic space (labyrinth), and ossification of the OC occurs successively, according to an intricate timetable. Anat Rec, 301:563–570, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-8486 , 1932-8494
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ar.v301.4
    DOI: 10.1002/ar.23764
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 2
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    The Digestive Tract and Derived Primordia Differentiate by Following a Precise Timeline in Human Embryos Between Carnegie Stages 11 and 13
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  The Anatomical Record Vol. 299, No. 4 ( 2016-04), p. 439-449
    Details
    In: The Anatomical Record, Wiley, Vol. 299, No. 4 ( 2016-04), p. 439-449
    Abstract: The precise mechanisms through which the digestive tract develops during the somite stage remain undefined. In this study, we examined the morphology and precise timeline of differentiation of digestive tract‐derived primordia in human somite‐stage embryos. We selected 37 human embryos at Carnegie Stage (CS) 11–CS13 (28–33 days after fertilization) and three‐dimensionally analyzed the morphology and positioning of the digestive tract and derived primordia in all samples, using images reconstructed from histological serial sections. The digestive tract was initially formed by a narrowing of the yolk sac, and then several derived primordia such as the pharynx, lung, stomach, liver, and dorsal pancreas primordia differentiated during CS12 (21–29 somites) and CS13 (≥ 30 somites). The differentiation of four pairs of pharyngeal pouches was complete in all CS13 embryos. The respiratory primordium was recognized in ≥ 26‐somite embryos and it flattened and then branched at CS13. The trachea formed and then elongated in ≥ 35‐somite embryos. The stomach adopted a spindle shape in all ≥ 34‐somite embryos, and the liver bud was recognized in ≥ 27‐somite embryos. The dorsal pancreas appeared as definitive buddings in all but three CS13 embryos, and around these buddings, the small intestine bent in ≥ 33‐somite embryos. In ≥ 35‐somite embryos, the small intestine rotated around the cranial‐caudal axis and had begun to form a primitive intestinal loop, which led to umbilical herniation. These data indicate that the digestive tract and derived primordia differentiate by following a precise timeline and exhibit limited individual variations. Anat Rec, 299:439–449, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-8486 , 1932-8494
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ar.v299.4
    DOI: 10.1002/ar.23314
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2273240-8
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Study of Human Post-Implantation Conceptuses, Normal and Abnormal
    Department of Anatomy Keio University School of Medicine ; 1987
    In:  Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica Vol. 63, No. 6 ( 1987), p. 337-357
    Details
    In: Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica, Department of Anatomy Keio University School of Medicine, Vol. 63, No. 6 ( 1987), p. 337-357
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0030-154X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2535/ofaj1936.63.6_337
    Language: English
    Publisher: Department of Anatomy Keio University School of Medicine
    Publication Date: 1987
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2397267-1
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  • 4
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    Positional Changes of the Ocular Organs During Craniofacial Development
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  The Anatomical Record Vol. 300, No. 12 ( 2017-12), p. 2107-2114
    Details
    In: The Anatomical Record, Wiley, Vol. 300, No. 12 ( 2017-12), p. 2107-2114
    Abstract: The present study aimed to describe the positional changes of the ocular organs during craniofacial development; moreover, we examined the relationships among the ocular organs and other internal structures. To do this, we traced the positions of the ocular organs in 56 human early fetal samples at different stages of development using high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging and phase‐contrast X‐ray computed tomography. The eyes were located on the lateral side in the ventral view at Carnegie stage (CS) 16, and then changed their positions medially during development. The eyes remained in the neurocranium until CS17. However, the eyes changed their positions medially and caudally in the viscerocranium after CS18. The positional relationship between the eyes and pituitary gland changed in the lateral view as development progressed. Specifically, they were close to each other at CS17, but moved apart during the later stages of development. These positional changes were also demonstrated quantitatively with morphometric analyses. Based on the present data, the positional changes of the eyes can be categorized into phases, as follows: Phase 1, dramatic positional changes (early fetal period until CS23); and Phase 2, mild positional changes (stabilized; early fetal period after CS23). Notably, all absolute lengths measured in the present study linearly increased as the crown‐rump length increased irrespective of the phase, while features of the measured angles and ratios differentially changed in Phases 1 and 2. The present data may help improve our understanding of both the normal and abnormal development of the ocular organs and craniofacial area. Anat Rec, 300:2107–2114, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-8486 , 1932-8494
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ar.v300.12
    DOI: 10.1002/ar.23588
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Embryonic Liver Morphology and Morphometry by Magnetic Resonance Microscopic Imaging
    Wiley ; 2012
    In:  The Anatomical Record Vol. 295, No. 1 ( 2012-01), p. 51-59
    Details
    In: The Anatomical Record, Wiley, Vol. 295, No. 1 ( 2012-01), p. 51-59
    Abstract: Embryonic liver has a unique external morphology and quantitative morphometry, based on magnetic resonance imaging data of human embryos from the Kyoto Collection of Human Embryos. Liver morphogenesis is strongly affected by the adjacent organs and tissues. The left ventricle develops to the left medial‐caudal side, which results in the formation of a depression at left medial region and a prominence bilaterally at the cranial surface of the liver between Carnegie Stage (CS)17 and CS19. An imprint of the stomach that formed at the dorsal left‐medial region of the liver became more marked with development until CS23. A depression induced by the umbilicus formed at the ventral region of the liver between CS16 and CS19. An indentation caused by the right adrenal gland formed at the dorsal‐caudal region of the liver surface from CS20. Morphometric analysis revealed that the volume of the liver increased exponentially from CS14 through CS23. The liver developed preferentially along the dorsoventral axis and right/left axis until CS17, along the craniocaudal axis between CS17 and CS19, and then in all directions after CS19. Several important developmental phenomena, such as differentiation of the diaphragm, the extension of the body axis of the embryo, and the physiologic herniation of the intestine into the umbilical cord, may affect morphometric data. These data contribute to a better understanding of liver development as well as the morphogenesis of adjacent organs, both temporally and spatially, and serve as a useful reference for fetal medicine and prenatal diagnosis. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-8486 , 1932-8494
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ar.v295.1
    DOI: 10.1002/ar.21496
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 6
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    Morphogenesis of the Inner Ear at Different Stages of Normal Human Development
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  The Anatomical Record Vol. 298, No. 12 ( 2015-12), p. 2081-2090
    Details
    In: The Anatomical Record, Wiley, Vol. 298, No. 12 ( 2015-12), p. 2081-2090
    Abstract: This study examined the external morphology and morphometry of the human embryonic inner ear membranous labyrinth and documented its three‐dimensional position in the developing embryo using phase‐contrast X‐ray computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. A total of 27 samples between Carnegie stage (CS) 17 and the postembryonic phase during trimester 1 (approximately 6–10 weeks after fertilization) were included. The otic vesicle elongated along the dorso‐ventral axis and differentiated into the end lymphatic appendage and cochlear duct (CD) at CS 17. The spiral course of the CD began at CS18, with anterior and posterior semicircular ducts (SDs) forming prominent circles with a common crus. The spiral course of the CD comprised more than two turns at the postembryonic phase, at which time the height of the CD was evident. A linear increase was observed in the length of anterior, posterior, and lateral SDs, in that order, and the length of the CD increased exponentially over the course of development. Bending in the medial direction was observed between the cochlear and vestibular parts from the latero‐caudal view, with the angle decreasing during development. The position of the inner ear was stable throughout the period of observation on the lateral to ventral side of the rhombencephalon, caudal to the pontine flexure, and adjacent to the auditory ganglia. The plane of the lateral semicircular canal was approximately 8.0°–14.6° with respect to the cranial caudal (z‐)axis, indicating that the orientation of the inner ear changes during growth to adulthood. Anat Rec, 298:2081–2090, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-8486 , 1932-8494
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ar.v298.12
    DOI: 10.1002/ar.23268
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 7
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    A Novel Strategy to Reveal the Latent Abnormalities in Human Embryonic Stages from a Large Embryo Collection
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  The Anatomical Record Vol. 299, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 8-24
    Details
    In: The Anatomical Record, Wiley, Vol. 299, No. 1 ( 2016-01), p. 8-24
    Abstract: The cause of spontaneous abortion of normal conceptuses remains unknown in most cases. The study was aimed to reveal the latent abnormalities by using a large collection of embryo images from a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) database and novel phase‐contrast radiographic computed tomography (PXCT). MRI from 1,156 embryos between Carnegie stage (CS) 14 and CS23 from the Kyoto Collection were screened by using the volume of the liver as the target organ. Embryos with liver volumes ≥2 SD above or below the mean for the stage of development were screened and examined precisely on MRI. Embryos with potentially abnormal livers were further analyzed by using PXCT. Liver abnormality was detected in all 7 embryos in the extra‐small liver group and in 2 of 8 embryos in the extra‐large liver group. The abnormalities in the extra‐small liver group consisted of hepatic agenesis (2 embryos), hepatic hypogenesis (4), and liver lobe defect (1). Among the 7 extra‐small liver group, 2 had only liver abnormalities and 5 exhibited complications in other organs. Of the 2 embryos in the extra‐large liver group, one had only a single liver abnormality and the other had a morphologically abnormal liver with complications in other organs. Most of such liver abnormality cases are not survive, as liver function becomes essential. The prevalence of liver malformations in CS18 and CS21 in the intrauterine population of externally normal embryos is approximately 1.7%. The present study is the first step toward the elucidation of the latent abnormalities resulting in spontaneous abortion in externally normal embryos. Anat Rec, 299:8–24, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-8486 , 1932-8494
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ar.v299.1
    DOI: 10.1002/ar.23281
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2273240-8
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  • 8
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    Intestinal Rotation and Physiological Umbilical Herniation During the Embryonic Period
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  The Anatomical Record Vol. 299, No. 2 ( 2016-02), p. 197-206
    Details
    In: The Anatomical Record, Wiley, Vol. 299, No. 2 ( 2016-02), p. 197-206
    Abstract: Drastic changes occur during the formation of the intestinal loop (IL), including elongation, physiological umbilical herniation (PUH), and midgut rotation. Fifty‐four sets of magnetic resonance images of embryos between Carnegie stage (CS) 14 and CS 23 were used to reconstruct embryonic digestive tract in three dimensions in the Amira program. Elongation, PUH, and rotation were quantified in relation to the proximal part of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), designated as the origin. Up to CS 16, IL rotation was initially observed as a slight deviation of the duodenum and colorectum from the median plane. The PUH was noticeable after CS 17. At CS 18, the IL showed a hairpin‐like structure, with the SMA running parallel to the straight part and the cecum located to the left. After CS 19, the IL began to form a complex structure as a result of the rapid growth of the small intestinal portion. By CS 20, the IL starting point had moved from the right cranial region to an area caudal to the origin, though elongation of the duodenum was not conspicuous—this was a change of almost 180° in position. The end of the IL remained in roughly the same place, to the left of and caudal to the origin. Notably, the IL rotated around the origin only during earlier stages and gradually moved away, running transversely after CS 19. The movements of the IL may be explained as the result of differential growth, suggesting that IL rotation is passive. Anat Rec, 299:197–206, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-8486 , 1932-8494
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ar.v299.2
    DOI: 10.1002/ar.23296
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2273240-8
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  • 9
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    Graphic and movie illustrations of human prenatal development and their application to embryological education based on the human embryo specimens in the Kyoto collection
    Wiley ; 2006
    In:  Developmental Dynamics Vol. 235, No. 2 ( 2006-02), p. 468-477
    Details
    In: Developmental Dynamics, Wiley, Vol. 235, No. 2 ( 2006-02), p. 468-477
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1058-8388 , 1097-0177
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.v235:2
    DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.20647
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1473797-8
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  • 10
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    High prevalence of defective human embryos at the early postimplantation period
    Wiley ; 1987
    In:  Teratology Vol. 35, No. 3 ( 1987-06), p. 309-316
    Details
    In: Teratology, Wiley, Vol. 35, No. 3 ( 1987-06), p. 309-316
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0040-3709 , 1096-9926
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/tera.v35:3
    DOI: 10.1002/(ISSN)1096-9926
    DOI: 10.1002/tera.1420350304
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1987
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2002199-9
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