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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Humanistic Needs in Sports, Exercise, and Recreation : The Committee on the Medical Aspects of Sports of the American Medical Association
    Informa UK Limited ; 1976
    In:  Journal of Physical Education and Recreation Vol. 47, No. 2 ( 1976-02), p. 8-15
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Education and Recreation, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 47, No. 2 ( 1976-02), p. 8-15
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0097-1170
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/00971170.1976.10617488
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 1976
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2068441-1
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  • 2
    Online Resource
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    A New Approach to Teen-age Smoking
    American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) ; 1976
    In:  Pediatrics Vol. 57, No. 4 ( 1976-04-01), p. 465-466
    Details
    In: Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Vol. 57, No. 4 ( 1976-04-01), p. 465-466
    Abstract: In January 1964, the Surgeon General's office released its report demonstrating the strong potential relationship between cigarette smoking and lung cancer as well as the pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases which afflict thousands each year.1 Since that time, an estimated 30 million Americans have quit smoking; but, during the last two years, there has been a noticeable increase in per capita cigarette consumption among women and teen-age girls.2 Every day 3,200 adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 take up smoking (exclusive of those who are just experimenting with smoking, the 10- to 12-year-olds).3 The Bureau of Census estimates that the number of teen-agers smoking rose from 3 million to approximately 4 million between 1968 and 1972. The proportion of smokers in the 12 to 18 age group increased from 14.7% to 15.7% among boys and 8.4% to 13.3% among girls.4 Analysis of research by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare on teen-age populations indicates there are many environmental factors that affect the initiation of the smoking habit; however, by far the strongest influence is the smoking behavior of parents and siblings.5 If both parents smoke, the teen-ager has about twice the likelihood of being a smoker than if neither parent smokes (the rates are 18.4% to 9.8% respectively). If an older brother or sister smokes, the teen-ager is twice as likely to become a smoker himself.5 When the combined effect of smoking of parents and older siblings is considered, the concept of family patterns is reinforced. The lowest level of smoking is found among teen-agers who live in nonsmoking households.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-4005 , 1098-4275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1542/peds.57.4.465
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
    Publication Date: 1976
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477004-0
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Female Athletics
    Informa UK Limited ; 1975
    In:  Journal of Physical Education and Recreation Vol. 46, No. 1 ( 1975-01), p. 45-46
    Details
    In: Journal of Physical Education and Recreation, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 46, No. 1 ( 1975-01), p. 45-46
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0097-1170
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/00971170.1975.10620050
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 1975
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2068441-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Book Reviews
    Informa UK Limited ; 1985
    In:  The Physician and Sportsmedicine Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 1985-02), p. 26-28
    Details
    In: The Physician and Sportsmedicine, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 13, No. 2 ( 1985-02), p. 26-28
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0091-3847 , 2326-3660
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1080/00913847.1985.11708740
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 1985
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2095106-1
    SSG: 31
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pediatric Concerns About Competitive Preadolescent Sports
    American Medical Association (AMA) ; 1974
    In:  JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association Vol. 227, No. 4 ( 1974-01-28), p. 418-
    Details
    In: JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, American Medical Association (AMA), Vol. 227, No. 4 ( 1974-01-28), p. 418-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0098-7484
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1001/jama.1974.03230170034008
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
    Publication Date: 1974
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2958-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2018410-4
    SSG: 5,21
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  • 6
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    Online Resource
    Participation in Sports by Girls
    American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) ; 1975
    In:  Pediatrics Vol. 55, No. 4 ( 1975-04-01), p. 563-563
    Details
    In: Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Vol. 55, No. 4 ( 1975-04-01), p. 563-563
    Abstract: Until recently, girls and women have been deprived of their rightful share in physical recreation ion and sports by traditional concepts about a socially acceptable feminine image, misconceptions about the extent to which females may safely participate in strenuous activity, and, in fact, society's whole previous notion about woman's role and her basic needs and her physical capabilities. Customary safeguards for protection of health and safety of males in sports and competitive athletics should apply to girls and women. Thus, competent medical care before, during, and after participation, rigorous conditioning, suitable high-quality equipment, good playing facilities, competent coaching, and capable officiating are necessary for the safety of all who engage in sports and competitive athletics. To assist physicians who may be involved in making decisions regarding participation in sports by girls and young women, the Committee offers the following guidelines: (1) There is no reason to separate prepubescent children by sex in sports, physical education, and recreational activities. (2) Girls can compete against girls in any sports activity if matched for size, weight, skill, and physical maturation as long as the safeguards mentioned above are followed. (3) Girls can attain high levels of physical fitness through strenuous conditioning activities to improve their physical fitness, agility, strength, appearance, endurance, and sense of psychic well-being. These have no unfavorable influence on menstruation, future pregnancy, and childbirth. (4) Postpubescent girls should not participate against boys in heavy collision sports because of the grave risk of serious injury due to their lesser muscle mass per unit of body weight.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-4005 , 1098-4275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1542/peds.55.4.563
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
    Publication Date: 1975
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Swimming Instructions for Infants
    American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) ; 1980
    In:  Pediatrics Vol. 65, No. 4 ( 1980-04-01), p. 847-847
    Details
    In: Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Vol. 65, No. 4 ( 1980-04-01), p. 847-847
    Abstract: Children less than 3 years old are most vulnerable to drowning, and organized efforts to reduce the toll are indicated. Heretofore, swimming instruction has concentration on school-aged children, but in recent years some emphasis has been placed on teaching younger children to swim, even during the first year of life. Although it may be possible to teach young infants to propel themselves and keep their heads above water, infants cannot be expected to learn the elements of water safety or to react appropriately in emergencies. No young child, particularly those who are preschool aged, can ever be considered "water safe." Parents may develop a false sense of security if they feel their young child can "swim" a few strokes. Additional problems may be associated with admission of infants to public swimming pools. Incontinent infants pose an aesthetic problem and make it difficult to maintain the effectiveness of chlorination. The Committee recognizes the increasing populaity of swimming programs for infants and the enjoyment of the parent and child in this shared activity, and makes the following recommendations: 1. If a parent wishes to enroll his/her infant in a water adjustment and swimming program, it should be on a one-to-one basis with the parent or a responsible adult. Organized group swimming instruction should be reserved for children more than 3 years old. 2. Instruction should be carried out by trained instructors in properly maintained pools. 3. Infants with known medical problems should receive clearance from their physician. 4. Controlled studies clarifying the possible risks to infants from swimming programs should be carried out as soon as possible.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-4005 , 1098-4275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1542/peds.65.4.847
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
    Publication Date: 1980
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Injuries to Young Athletes
    American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) ; 1980
    In:  Pediatrics Vol. 65, No. 3 ( 1980-03-01), p. 649-650
    Details
    In: Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Vol. 65, No. 3 ( 1980-03-01), p. 649-650
    Abstract: Numerous factors must be considered in protecting the health of athletes. Of fundamental importance to physicians are (1) the prepaticipation medical examination for authorization to enter a sports program, and (2) the prevention, recognition, and treatment of injuries incurred in sports. The purpose of this statement is to call attention to the subject of sports injuries so that pediatricians can take measures to protect their young patients and set up a system for diagnosing and treating athletic injuries. Young athletes present special problems that are perhaps more familiar to pediatricians than to other physicians and supervisors of sports programs: 1. Their strength is not proportional to their size, resulting in wide differences in physical performance of individuals of the same age. 2. Young athletes are impatient about restrictions on activities, even when restrictions are necessay for the diagnosis and the healing of injuries. 3. Flexible ligamentous structures and open epiphyses result in susceptibility to musculoskeletal injuries that should have prompt evaluation and treatment. 4. Some children and adolescents have unrecognized congenital conditions that make them more susceptible to athletic injuries. 5. Young athletes usually lack motivation to work hard to condition their bodies for endurance, strength, and acclimatization to heat. 6. Many young athletes are disinterested and indifferent about the fitting, adjustment, and care of their protective equipment. 7. Young athletes in sports programs sponsored by schools or community agencies rarely have the benefit of supervision and advice from a qualified athletic trainer. The duties of an athletic trainer are usually assumed by a coach or parents, or by a physician who at times may be available only by telephone.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-4005 , 1098-4275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1542/peds.65.3.649
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
    Publication Date: 1980
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fitness in the Preschool Child
    American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) ; 1976
    In:  Pediatrics Vol. 58, No. 1 ( 1976-07-01), p. 88-89
    Details
    In: Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Vol. 58, No. 1 ( 1976-07-01), p. 88-89
    Abstract: Achieving fitness is a way of life, not a fad or a brief change in one's way of doing things. And, an early start is imperative. A flaw in our present system of health care is the emphasis on evaluation of anatomic or organic soundness and the presence or absence of disease–with less regard for the quality of physiologic function. In other words, dynamic performance is frequently ignored after the organic condition has been determined. An infant or child may well be regarded as healthy with the proper immunizations and absence of disease. But, is he/she able to meet daily tasks, recreational activities, and unforeseen emergencies with vigor and enthusiasm and without undue fatigue? Is he/she making adequate use of the musculoskeletal and cardiopulmonary systems? Lack of encouragement to exercise in early life is reflected in the National Adult Physical Fitness Survey conducted by the President's Council on Physical Fitness in 1972. This study showed that 45% of all adult Americans do not engage in physical activity for the purpose of exercise. However, 63% of these nonexercisers said they believed they had enough exercise; only 57% of those who exercised regularly thought they did enough of it. Normal growth and development in infancy should assure physical fitness for ordinary and even strenuous physical tasks because of innate, powerful drives toward functional development at this period of life. The infant who naturally strives for motor fitness can be on the way to a lifetime of improving physical fitness. The preschool child who characteristically uses his large muscles during many hours of the day is continuing a self-imposed program of physical fitness.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-4005 , 1098-4275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1542/peds.58.1.88
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
    Publication Date: 1976
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Athletic Activities for Children Who Are Mentally Retarded
    American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) ; 1974
    In:  Pediatrics Vol. 54, No. 3 ( 1974-09-01), p. 376-377
    Details
    In: Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Vol. 54, No. 3 ( 1974-09-01), p. 376-377
    Abstract: Recreation and athletic activity are important for all children, regardless of their mental capacity. A physician's recommendation about athletic activity for mentally retarded children, as is true with other children, must take into account differences in size, coordination, degree of physical fitness, and physical health. The stage of maturation, the level of mental development, and the emotional stability of the child are all important considerations when organizing activities for children who are mentally retarded. Children with average mental development usually have multiple opportunities for athletic activities and recreation without special planning. In contrast, there is a tendency for parents and children in most communities to exclude the mentally retarded child so he completely lacks the type of exercise and personal experiences he needs. Children who are mentally retarded frequently are not physically fit, have poor coordination, and are obese. These conditions become progressively more severe as the retarded child grows older, partly as a result of limited opportunity for athletic activity. The majority of mentally retarded children can and should participate safely and productively in athletic activities when appropriate supervision is provided. Parents of children who are mentally retarded are often confused and uncertain about what to expect from their child. Some tend to restrict their youngsters from physical activities, and others may push their children at too rapid a pace. However, most parents are anxious for guidance to help determine what is best for their child. The pediatrician is in a unique position to advise these parents because he is likely to know the family and to know the emotional and personal needs of the child and his physical capabilities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-4005 , 1098-4275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1542/peds.54.3.376
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
    Publication Date: 1974
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