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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Reduced risk of vasovagal reactions in Australian whole blood donors after national implementation of applied muscle tension and water loading
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Transfusion Vol. 60, No. 5 ( 2020-05), p. 918-921
    Details
    In: Transfusion, Wiley, Vol. 60, No. 5 ( 2020-05), p. 918-921
    Abstract: A new national donor safety initiative was introduced in Australia in 2018, which aimed to encourage all whole blood donors to water load and to use applied muscle tension. This study evaluated the effect of this initiative on the rate of vasovagal reactions (VVR). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Routinely collected data were used to identify whole blood donations and any associated VVRs before (n = 167,056 donations) and after implementation (n = 215,572 donations). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the differences in VVR rates. RESULTS The total rate of VVRs declined from 22.5 per 1000 donations to 20.6 per 1000 donations after implementation, a reduction of 8% (p  〈  0.001). The rate of presyncopal reactions decreased by 8% in new donors and 12% in repeat donors. No impact was observed on the rate of syncope in any of the groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated the odds of experiencing a presyncopal reaction was reduced by 13% following implementation, with no significant effects on syncope. CONCLUSION The findings of this study support the use of water loading and applied muscle tension in routine whole blood collection to reduce the incidence of VVRs.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0041-1132 , 1537-2995
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/trf.v60.5
    DOI: 10.1111/trf.15701
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2018415-3
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  • 2
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    Beyond fear: A longitudinal investigation of emotions and risk of a vasovagal reaction in first‐time whole‐blood donors
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Transfusion Vol. 63, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. 163-170
    Details
    In: Transfusion, Wiley, Vol. 63, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. 163-170
    Abstract: Fear is a recognized predictor of vasovagal reactions (VVRs) in blood donors. However, less is known about the role of other emotions, including positive emotions, that donors might experience. The aim of this study was to identify the emotions experienced in center that predict onsite VVRs, and to determine at what point during the donation appointment, the experience of these emotions is most influential. Study design and methods A sample of 442 first‐time whole‐blood donors (57.7% female; mean ± SD age 30.7 ± 11.7 years) completed a survey in the waiting area and before venepuncture in the donation chair to assess their current emotional experience. The survey data were matched with routinely‐collected demographic, donation, and donor adverse event information. A generalized estimating equations model was used to identify emotions associated with the occurrence of a VVR. Results A total of 56 (12.7%) participants experienced a VVR. The occurrence of a VVR was significantly associated with lower love/closeness/trust (OR: 0.53, 95%CI: 0.34–0.82) and higher scared/fearful/afraid (OR: 1.96, 95%CI: 1.18–3.25) states . Significant interaction effects suggested that the effect of scared/fearful/afraid decreased while stressed/nervous/overwhelmed increased from the waiting area to before venepuncture on the likelihood of a VVR. Discussion To effectively reduce donor VVR risk, blood collection agencies need to address a broader range of emotions at different points during the donation process.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0041-1132 , 1537-2995
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/trf.v63.1
    DOI: 10.1111/trf.17169
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2018415-3
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  • 3
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    Improving the donation experience and reducing venipuncture pain by addressing fears among whole‐blood and plasma donors
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Transfusion Vol. 61, No. 7 ( 2021-07), p. 2107-2115
    Details
    In: Transfusion, Wiley, Vol. 61, No. 7 ( 2021-07), p. 2107-2115
    Abstract: Fear of blood donation is implicated in vasovagal reactions, donor recruitment, and retention. This study examined the extent to which fear among donors is associated with various donor outcomes in an Australian sample, and whether fear can be addressed on‐site to reduce adverse reactions and improve the donation experience. Study design and methods Six hundred and sixty‐four donors (age M = 33.4, SD = 12.7; 55% female) participated in a two‐center, pragmatic, parallel group, individually randomized controlled trial. Following donor registration and consent, whole‐blood (n = 539) and plasma (n = 125) donors were assigned to one of four Conditions: control; fear assessment; fear assessment + brochure; fear assessment + brochure + tailored conversation focused on any self‐reported fear and coping strategies. Post‐donation questionnaires assessed the donors' experience including positive support, donor self‐efficacy, anxiety, fear, venipuncture pain, and vasovagal reactions. Results Fear among donors predicted higher venipuncture pain, post‐donation anxiety, and vasovagal reactions and remained significant after controlling for other established predictors (i.e., total estimated blood volume, age, sex, and donation experience). Mediational analyses showed that exposure to brochures (with or without the tailored conversation) was associated with less pain, with this effect mediated by donor perceptions of more positive support. Venipuncture pain was also associated with vasovagal reactions, reduced likelihood of return within 6 months, and less satisfaction with the donation experience. Conclusion The current results underline the importance of interventions to address fear among both whole‐blood and plasma donors to secure the safety and well‐being of donors and the blood supply.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0041-1132 , 1537-2995
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/trf.v61.7
    DOI: 10.1111/trf.16407
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2018415-3
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  • 4
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    Online Resource
    Notifying donors when their deferral is ending: An effective donor retention strategy
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Transfusion Vol. 61, No. 10 ( 2021-10), p. 2930-2940
    Details
    In: Transfusion, Wiley, Vol. 61, No. 10 ( 2021-10), p. 2930-2940
    Abstract: The application of a temporary deferral often leads to donor lapse. Contributing factors may be donors not knowing when their deferral ends or not being contacted and asked to return. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a reminder message notifying donors that their deferral is coming to an end in increasing donors' postdeferral return rates. We evaluated the optimal time, content, and mode of delivery of the reminder message. Study Design and Methods Two studies were conducted with deferred donors. Study 1: donors (n = 1676) were randomized to be sent a reminder message at one of three time points (4 weeks before, 1 week before, and 1 week after their deferral ended) or to a no contact control condition. Study 2: donors (n = 1973) were randomized to three message type conditions (emotive email, nonemotive email, nonemotive SMS). Attempted return behavior was extracted (appointments, attendances) at 1 month. Results In Study 1, being sent the reminder message increased odds of donors attempting to return within 3 months compared with the control group (OR:2.01). Sending the reminder 1 week before the deferral ended was the most effective time point. In Study 2, the nonemotive message increased the odds of attempting to return compared with the emotive message (OR:1.38). No differences were found between email and SMS messages. Discussion Sending a reminder message to donors when their deferral is coming to an end is a simple, effective, and cost‐effective method to retain donors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0041-1132 , 1537-2995
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/trf.v61.10
    DOI: 10.1111/trf.16613
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2018415-3
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  • 5
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    Examining knowledge translation in blood donor research: A review of vasovagal reaction literature
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Transfusion Vol. 61, No. 6 ( 2021-06), p. 1772-1779
    Details
    In: Transfusion, Wiley, Vol. 61, No. 6 ( 2021-06), p. 1772-1779
    Abstract: Knowledge translation focuses on the transfer of research findings into policy and practice. To provide insight into the state of knowledge translation in blood donor research, we undertook a rapid review of a key research area in the field with high potential for translation, vasovagal reactions (VVRs). We examined the number and nature of VVR‐related studies to determine the availability of research evidence, and mapped the included articles along the research‐to‐practice trajectory using the Knowledge to Action framework. Study Design and Methods PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and EMBASE were searched for peer‐reviewed journal articles from inception to October 2019 using the terms blood don* AND vasovagal OR faint* OR syncope. Results A total of 176 articles met our inclusion criteria. Studies relating to VVRs increased substantially from 1942 to 2019, with 84% published in the last 20 years. Articles were predominately observation (non‐intervention) studies (117; 66%), followed by intervention (knowledge inquiry) studies (31; 18%) and review (knowledge synthesis) studies (20; 11%). The evidence from intervention research was limited, with 14 strategies tested in 31 studies and often by the same research groups. Only 5 (3%) implementation and evaluation studies were found; all focused on evaluating the effects of a newly introduced intervention on VVR rates through uncontrolled or cross‐sectional study designs. Discussion VVR research is in the early stages of knowledge translation. More intervention research is needed to provide a robust evidence base as well as more published implementation research to share knowledge of translating research into policy and practice.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0041-1132 , 1537-2995
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/trf.v61.6
    DOI: 10.1111/trf.16391
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2018415-3
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  • 6
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    A randomized controlled trial of post‐donation communication materials to increase donor return following a vasovagal reaction
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Transfusion Vol. 63, No. 9 ( 2023-09), p. 1701-1709
    Details
    In: Transfusion, Wiley, Vol. 63, No. 9 ( 2023-09), p. 1701-1709
    Abstract: Vasovagal reactions (VVRs) are one of the primary reasons for people to stop donating blood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of newly developed online communications on the rate of return of whole‐blood (WB) and plasma donors who experienced a VVR. Study Design and Methods First‐time and experienced WB and plasma donors who had a VVR without a loss of consciousness in the previous 3 days were randomly allocated to receive (a) an SMS sent 1–4 days post‐VVR ( n  = 2303), (b) an email sent 6–10 days post‐VVR ( n  = 2360), (c) both the SMS and the email ( n  = 2248), or (d) business‐as‐usual donor retention communications (control; n  = 2557). Donation data were extracted to determine subsequent donation attempts. Results For return within 3 months, WB donors in the Email Only condition had significantly increased odds of returning (OR: 1.26, 95%CI: 1.01–1.56). Subgroup analysis within WB donors showed increased odds of return for women sent the SMS and Email (OR: 1.50, 95%CI: 1.14–1.96) or the Email Only (OR: 1.44, 95%CI: 1.10–1.89), and for first‐time donors sent the Email Only (OR: 1.48, 95%CI: 1.07–2.05). At 6 months, only first‐time WB donors in the Email Only condition had significantly increased odds of returning (OR: 1.30, 95%CI: 1.01–1.69). No significant effects of the intervention were found for immediate or intermediate return for plasma donors. Discussion Sending an email addressing common donor concerns regarding VVRs increases WB donor retention, but additional strategies are needed for the effects to last and to retain plasma donors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0041-1132 , 1537-2995
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/trf.v63.9
    DOI: 10.1111/trf.17494
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2018415-3
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  • 7
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    Offering new and returned donors the option to give plasma: implications for donor retention and donor adverse events
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Vox Sanguinis Vol. 116, No. 3 ( 2021-03), p. 273-280
    Details
    In: Vox Sanguinis, Wiley, Vol. 116, No. 3 ( 2021-03), p. 273-280
    Abstract: In 2018, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood changed its plasmapheresis eligibility criteria to allow donors to donate plasma without the requirement of a prior successful whole blood donation. This study evaluated the impact of this policy change on donor retention and donor safety. Materials and Methods All donors who had attempted to give their first plasma or whole blood donation from January to June 2018 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Donor characteristics and adverse events were analysed for this index donation, and the cohort was followed for 18 months to analyse time to return, subsequent donation frequency and predictors of return. Results Male and younger donors provided a significantly greater proportion of first donation plasma than females and older donors. New donors who gave plasma had the highest rate of donor adverse events, including vasovagal reactions and phlebotomy injuries. Nevertheless, donor retention was not affected, with more new donors returning and at a greater subsequent donation frequency after a plasma donation compared to new donors donating whole blood. First‐time plasma donors who had previously donated whole blood, however, had greater and quicker rates of return, and more subsequent donations. Conclusion Offering new donors the option to give plasma had a positive effect on donor return and subsequent donation frequency. Removing the requirement of a prior whole blood donation is a viable way to increase plasma collections although the combined effect of new donor status and plasmapheresis procedure on adverse event risk needs to be considered.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0042-9007 , 1423-0410
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/vox.v116.3
    DOI: 10.1111/vox.12977
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1483587-3
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  • 8
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    Facilitating donor compliance with strategies to prevent vasovagal reactions: comparison of web‐based and in‐center approaches
    Wiley ; 2017
    In:  Transfusion Vol. 57, No. 10 ( 2017-10), p. 2449-2457
    Details
    In: Transfusion, Wiley, Vol. 57, No. 10 ( 2017-10), p. 2449-2457
    Abstract: Research has documented beneficial effects of water loading (WL) and applied muscle tension (AMT) on reducing self‐reported vasovagal reactions (VVRs) in whole blood (WB) donors. However, the optimal approach to reducing VVRs using these strategies in routine blood collection practice is not known. This study evaluated the effectiveness of embedding newly developed web‐based and on‐site donor education materials to increase the use of these two prevention techniques during blood collection. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Two studies were conducted with WB donors. In Study 1, donors (n = 375) were randomly allocated to evaluate one of three forms of educational materials (video, webpage, card) in an online questionnaire. In Study 2, donors (n = 598) were randomly assigned to view either off‐site web‐based or in‐center educational materials and were surveyed after donation to assess compliance to the VVR prevention procedure and to self‐report VVR. RESULTS In Study 1, donors rated the video as having the highest message appeal and indicated greater likelihood to use AMT compared to the webpage and card. No differences were found in likelihood to use WL. In contrast, in Study 2, greater adherence to VVR prevention strategies was observed in donors who received the in‐center instruction card in comparison to those who received the web‐based materials. Examination of viewing data indicated that only a small number of donors had seen the web‐based materials. No significant effects of the techniques were found on self‐reported VVRs. CONCLUSION Providing on‐site instructions is the most effective method to increase donor compliance to VVR prevention techniques.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0041-1132 , 1537-2995
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/trf.2017.57.issue-10
    DOI: 10.1111/trf.14243
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2018415-3
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  • 9
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    Educating donors about deferrals through the provision of tailored materials: Findings from a survey of deferred donors
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Transfusion Vol. 61, No. 3 ( 2021-03), p. 822-829
    Details
    In: Transfusion, Wiley, Vol. 61, No. 3 ( 2021-03), p. 822-829
    Abstract: Receiving a temporary deferral has been shown to negatively affect donor retention. One contributing factor for low donor return may be poor understanding of why the deferral has occurred. The aim of this study was to determine whether new educational materials‐a brochure, guided conversation, and follow‐up email‐increased deferred donors' knowledge about their donation eligibility, satisfaction with the deferral process, intention to return, and odds of rebooking another appointment. Study Design and Methods A three‐arm cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the impact of the educational materials compared to business as usual deferral procedures: (a) In‐center brochure and follow‐up email; (b) Email only; (c) Control. A survey was administered to a random sample of trial participants (n = 847). Results Compared with the control condition, donors in the in‐center brochure and email condition were more knowledgeable about the end date of their deferral, and reported higher satisfaction with the deferral information provided, and had fewer questions and/or concerns about the deferral. Similar findings were observed when comparing the email only condition to the in‐center brochure and email condition. No differences were found in intention to return. Donors in the in‐center brochure plus email condition had increased odds (OR:1.385) of rebooking their next appointment compared to the combined email only and control conditions. Conclusions The application of a deferral is often misunderstood by donors. Providing educational materials to donors can increase their understanding and may lead to increased retention of donors through rebooking of subsequent donations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0041-1132 , 1537-2995
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/trf.v61.3
    DOI: 10.1111/trf.16212
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2018415-3
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  • 10
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    Emotions experienced when receiving a temporary deferral: perspectives from staff and donors
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  ISBT Science Series Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2018-12), p. 394-404
    Details
    In: ISBT Science Series, Wiley, Vol. 13, No. 4 ( 2018-12), p. 394-404
    Abstract: Temporary deferrals negatively impact on donor retention. However, little is known about why donors are deterred from returning. One unexplored area is the emotions experienced by donors when deferred. This study investigated these emotions from the perspectives of both the front‐line staff involved in applying deferrals and deferred donors themselves, with the aim of identifying which emotions impact on donors’ intention to return. Materials and Methods Telephone interviews were conducted with front‐line staff who apply deferrals ( n = 47) to explore perceived reasons for donor non‐return following a deferral. Findings informed a survey administered to donors who had received a temporary deferral 1 day prior ( n = 397). The questionnaire included items about donors’ emotional reactions to receiving the deferral and intention to re‐donate. Results Staff reported that donors frequently had negative emotional responses to being deferred–particularly anger, frustration and rejection. Exploratory factor analysis of 31 emotions assessed in the donor survey revealed six factors. Deferred donors’ intention to re‐donate was negatively associated with anger‐related emotions and positively associated with calm‐related emotions. The association between emotions and intention was moderated by whether the deferral was applied in‐centre or during the pre‐donation telephone call. Conclusion Emotional reactions to receiving a deferral impact on donors’ intention to re‐donate, particularly among those deferred in‐centre. Blood collection staff may be able to address donors’ emotional responses to help diminish the impact of being deferred on donors’ intentions to return.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1751-2816 , 1751-2824
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/voxs.2018.13.issue-4
    DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12463
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2250639-1
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