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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Review on Controlling Techniques for Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) and Current State of the Art in the Research Area
    Foundation of Computer Science ; 2019
    In:  Communications on Applied Electronics Vol. 7, No. 25 ( 2019-01-25), p. 8-17
    Details
    In: Communications on Applied Electronics, Foundation of Computer Science, Vol. 7, No. 25 ( 2019-01-25), p. 8-17
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2394-4714
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5120/cae2019652808
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Foundation of Computer Science
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gene therapy approaches for equine osteoarthritis
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Veterinary Science Vol. 9 ( 2022-9-28)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-9-28)
    Abstract: With an intrinsically low ability for self-repair, articular cartilage injuries often progress to cartilage loss and joint degeneration resulting in osteoarthritis (OA). Osteoarthritis and the associated articular cartilage changes can be debilitating, resulting in lameness and functional disability both in human and equine patients. While articular cartilage damage plays a central role in the pathogenesis of OA, the contribution of other joint tissues to the pathogenesis of OA has increasingly been recognized thus prompting a whole organ approach for therapeutic strategies. Gene therapy methods have generated significant interest in OA therapy in recent years. These utilize viral or non-viral vectors to deliver therapeutic molecules directly into the joint space with the goal of reprogramming the cells' machinery to secrete high levels of the target protein at the site of injection. Several viral vector-based approaches have demonstrated successful gene transfer with persistent therapeutic levels of transgene expression in the equine joint. As an experimental model, horses represent the pathology of human OA more accurately compared to other animal models. The anatomical and biomechanical similarities between equine and human joints also allow for the use of similar imaging and diagnostic methods as used in humans. In addition, horses experience naturally occurring OA and undergo similar therapies as human patients and, therefore, are a clinically relevant patient population. Thus, further studies utilizing this equine model would not only help advance the field of human OA therapy but also benefit the clinical equine patients with naturally occurring joint disease. In this review, we discuss the advancements in gene therapeutic approaches for the treatment of OA with the horse as a relevant patient population as well as an effective and commonly utilized species as a translational model.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2297-1769
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.962898
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834243-4
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pathological Effects of Processed Bovine Pericardial Scaffolds-A Comparative In Vivo Evaluation : Pathological effects of processed bovine pericardial scaffolds
    Wiley ; 2013
    In:  Artificial Organs Vol. 37, No. 7 ( 2013-07), p. 600-605
    Details
    In: Artificial Organs, Wiley, Vol. 37, No. 7 ( 2013-07), p. 600-605
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0160-564X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/aor.2013.37.issue-7
    DOI: 10.1111/aor.12050
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2003825-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effect of Skeletal Paracrine Signals on the Proliferation of Interzone Cells
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  CARTILAGE Vol. 13, No. 2_suppl ( 2021-12), p. 82S-94S
    Details
    In: CARTILAGE, SAGE Publications, Vol. 13, No. 2_suppl ( 2021-12), p. 82S-94S
    Abstract: Articular cartilage in mammals has limited intrinsic capacity to repair structural defects, a fact that contributes to the chronic and progressive nature of osteoarthritis. In contrast, Mexican axolotl salamanders have demonstrated the remarkable ability to spontaneously and completely repair large joint cartilage lesions, a healing process that involves interzone cells in the intraarticular space. Furthermore, interzone tissue transplanted into skeletal defects in the axolotl salamander demonstrates a multi-differentiation potential. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of this repair process remain unclear. The objective of this study was to examine whether paracrine mitogenic signals are an important variable in the interaction between interzone cells and the skeletal microenvironment. Design The paracrine regulation of the proliferation of equine interzone cells was evaluated in an in vitro co-culture system. Cell viability and proliferation were measured in equine fetal interzone cells after exposure to conditioned medium from skeletal and nonskeletal primary cell lines. Steady-state expression was determined for genes encoding 37 putative mitogens secreted by cells that generated the conditioned medium. Results All experimental groups of conditioned media elicited a mitogenic response in interzone cells. Fetal anlage chondrocytes ( P 〈 0.0001) and dermal fibroblasts ( P 〈 0.0001) conditioned medium showed a significantly higher mitogenic potential compared with interzone cells. Conditioned medium from bone marrow–derived cells elicited a significantly higher proliferative response relative to that from young adult articular chondrocytes ( P 〈 0.0001) or dermal fibroblasts ( P 〈 0.0001). Sixteen genes had expression patterns consistent with the functional proliferation assays. Conclusions The results indicate a mitogenic effect of skeletal paracrine signals on interzone cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1947-6035 , 1947-6043
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1947603519841680
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2515870-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Corrigendum: Gene therapy approaches for equine osteoarthritis
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Veterinary Science Vol. 9 ( 2023-1-4)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2023-1-4)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2297-1769
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1117776
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2834243-4
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An efficient Feed-forward compensation mechanism for NFC-based PMSM system using different observers for Load-torque estimation
    FOREX Publication ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2023-3-30), p. 1-9
    Details
    In: International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research, FOREX Publication, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2023-3-30), p. 1-9
    Abstract: Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) offers high torque and efficiency and is used in most industrial applications. This manuscript uses a feed-forward compensation mechanism to design an efficient neuro-fuzzy logic controller (NFC) based surface-mounted PMSM system. The different load-observers like Discrete Luenberger Observer (DLO), Kalman filter observer (KFO), and discrete Kalman filter observer (DKFO) are used as a feed-forward compensation method to compensate the dq stator current and also estimate performance metrics. The NFC is used as a speed controller, and two PI controllers are used for the current control mechanism. The noise is added at the actual load torque and speed of PMSM and compensated using load observers. In this work, two different design scenarios are considered to analyze the performance metrics like load torque, speed, and position. The work also explores the average error that occurred at load torque, speed, and position during estimation. The NFC-based PMSM system improves the performance and utilizes less error over the PI/FLC-based PMSM using different observers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2347-470X
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.37391/IJEER
    DOI: 10.37391/ijeer.110101
    Language: English
    Publisher: FOREX Publication
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Surface topography as a tool to detect early changes in a posttraumatic equine model of osteoarthritis
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Orthopaedic Research Vol. 40, No. 6 ( 2022-06), p. 1349-1357
    Details
    In: Journal of Orthopaedic Research, Wiley, Vol. 40, No. 6 ( 2022-06), p. 1349-1357
    Abstract: The equine model of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (OA) mimics certain aspects of the naturally occurring disease, both in horses and humans. The objective of this study was to assess articular cartilage degeneration in a posttraumatic OA model using the established macroscopic and microscopic scoring systems and compare them with a novel surface topography analysis. OA was induced in the carpal joint of 15 ( n  = 15) mixed breed horses. Surface changes on the articular cartilage were characterized using osteochondral blocks from the third carpal bone (C3) and radial carpal bone using surface topography, standard histological grading, and gross evaluation of the joints. Significant differences were observed between OA and non‐OA joints for gross evaluation scores. Microscopic scores of hematoxylin and eosin and Safranin O and Fast Green‐stained sections demonstrated no differences between OA and non‐OA joints. However, articular cartilage from the induced OA joint had significantly greater surface topography measurements compared with the sham treatment group, consistent with the changes seen on gross evaluation of joints. No significant correlations were noted between surface roughness measurements, histological assessment, and gross evaluation scores. The results suggest that surface topography analysis may provide a reliable objective approach to assess early changes in the cartilage surface in OA.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0736-0266 , 1554-527X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/jor.v40.6
    DOI: 10.1002/jor.25175
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2050452-4
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fast, non-eccentrically loaded exercise worsens tendinopathic healing responses in a murine model
    American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) ; 2023
    In:  American Journal of Veterinary Research ( 2023-04-17), p. 1-9
    Details
    In: American Journal of Veterinary Research, American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA), ( 2023-04-17), p. 1-9
    Abstract: To advance the understanding of how alterations in exercise speed and grade (flat vs 17° incline or decline) affect the quality of tendon healing, and to determine if a biomarker relationship exists between serum levels of a ColX breakdown product (CXM) and animals exposed to treadmill running protocols. ANIMALS 35 male mice (C57BL/6J), 8 weeks of age. PROCEDURES Mice were preconditioned on a treadmill for 14 days. Tendinopathy was then induced by 2 intra-tendinous TGFβ1 injections followed by randomization into 7 exercise groups. Exercise capacity and objective gait analysis were measured weekly. Mice were euthanized and histopathologic analysis and evaluation of serum CXM levels were performed. Statistics were conducted using a 2-way ANOVA (exercise capacity), Mixed Effects Model (gait analysis, effect of preconditioning), and 1-way ANOVA (gait analysis, the effect of injury, and rehabilitation normalized to baseline; CXM serum analysis), all with Tukey post hoc tests and significance set to P 〈 .05. RESULTS Exercise at a fast-flat speed demonstrated inferior tendinopathic healing at the cellular level and impaired stance braking abilities, which were compensated for by increased propulsion. Mice exposed to exercise (at any speed or grade) demonstrated higher systemic levels of CXM than those that were cage rested. However, no ColX immunostaining was observed in the Achilles tendon or calcaneal insertion. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Exercise at a fast speed and in absence of eccentric loading components (incline or decline) demonstrated inferior tendinopathic healing at the cellular level and impaired braking abilities that were compensated for by increased propulsion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0002-9645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.23.01.0018
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2056942-7
    SSG: 22
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Changes in the appendicular skeleton during metamorphosis in the axolotl salamander ( Ambystoma mexicanum )
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Anatomy Vol. 233, No. 4 ( 2018-10), p. 468-477
    Details
    In: Journal of Anatomy, Wiley, Vol. 233, No. 4 ( 2018-10), p. 468-477
    Abstract: Axolotl salamanders ( Ambystoma mexicanum ) remain aquatic in their natural state, during which biomechanical forces on their diarthrodial limb joints are likely reduced relative to salamanders living on land. However, even as sexually mature adults, these amphibians can be induced to metamorphose into a weight‐bearing terrestrial stage by environmental stress or the exogenous administration of thyroxine hormone. In some respects, this aquatic to terrestrial transition of axolotl salamanders through metamorphosis may model developmental and changing biomechanical skeletal forces in mammals during the prenatal to postnatal transition at birth and in the early postnatal period. To assess differences in the appendicular skeleton as a function of metamorphosis, anatomical and gene expression parameters were compared in skeletal tissues between aquatic and terrestrial axolotls that were the same age and genetically full siblings. The length of long bones and area of cuboidal bones in the appendicular skeleton, as well as the cellularity of cartilaginous and interzone tissues of femorotibial joints were generally higher in aquatic axolotls compared with their metamorphosed terrestrial siblings. A comparison of steady‐state mRNA transcripts encoding aggrecan core protein ( ACAN ), type II collagen ( COL 2A1), and growth and differentiation factor 5 ( GDF 5) in femorotibial cartilaginous and interzone tissues did not reveal any significant differences between aquatic and terrestrial axolotls.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8782 , 1469-7580
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/joa.2018.233.issue-4
    DOI: 10.1111/joa.12846
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474856-3
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Chondrogenic differentiation potential of adult and fetal equine cell types
    Wiley ; 2019
    In:  Veterinary Surgery Vol. 48, No. 3 ( 2019-04), p. 375-387
    Details
    In: Veterinary Surgery, Wiley, Vol. 48, No. 3 ( 2019-04), p. 375-387
    Abstract: To determine the chondrogenic potential of cells derived from interzone tissue, the normal progenitor of articular cartilage during fetal development, compared to that of adult bone marrow‐derived and adipose‐derived mesenchymal cell isolates. The objective of this study was to compare the chondrogenic potential of fetal musculoskeletal progenitor cells to adult cell types, which are currently used therapeutically to facilitate joint cartilage repair in equine clinical practice. The hypothesis tested was that cells derived from interzone tissue have a chondrogenic potential that exceeds that of adult bone marrow‐derived and adipose‐derived mesenchymal cell isolates. Study design In vitro study. Animals Six young adult horses (15–17 months of age) and 6 equine fetuses aged 45–46 days of gestation. Methods Three‐dimensional pellet cultures were established under chondrogenic conditions with fresh, primary cells isolated from adult (articular cartilage, bone marrow, adipose, dermis) and fetal (interzone, skeletal anlagen cartilage, dermis) tissues. Cellular morphology, pellet architecture, and proteoglycan synthesis were assessed in the pellet cultures. Steady state levels of ACAN (aggrecan core protein), COL2A1 (collagen type II), and COL1A1 (collagen type I) messenger RNA (mRNA) were compared among these cell types as pellet cultures and monolayer cultures. Results Adult articular chondrocytes, fetal interzone cells, and fetal anlage cells generated the largest pellets under these chondrogenic culture conditions. Pellets derived from adult articular chondrocytes and fetal anlage cells had the highest scores on a neocartilage grading scale. Fetal anlage and adult articular chondrocyte pellets had low steady‐state levels of COL1A mRNA but high COL2A1 expression. Anlage chondrocyte pellets also had the highest expression of ACAN . Conclusion Adult articular chondrocytes, fetal interzone cells, and fetal anlage chondrocytes exhibited the highest chondrogenic potential. In this study, adult adipose‐derived cells exhibited very limited chondrogenesis, and bone marrow‐derived cells had limited and variable chondrogenic potential. Clinical significance Additional investigation of the high chondrogenic potential of fetal interzone cells and anlage chondrocytes to advance cell‐based therapies in diarthrodial joints is warranted.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0161-3499 , 1532-950X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/vsu.v48.3
    DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13183
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1491071-8
    SSG: 22
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