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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessment of early and post COVID-19 vaccination antibody response in healthcare workers: a multicentre cross-sectional study on inactivated, mRNA and vector-based vaccines
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2023
    In:  Epidemiology and Infection Vol. 151 ( 2023)
    Details
    In: Epidemiology and Infection, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 151 ( 2023)
    Abstract: In this multicentre study, we compared the status of antibody production in healthcare personnel (HCP) before and after vaccination using different brands of COVID-19 vaccines between March 2021 and September 2021. Out of a total of 962 HCP enrolled in our study, the antibody against the S1 domain of SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 48.3%, 95.5% and 96.2% of them before, after the first and the second doses of the vaccines, respectively. Our results showed post-vaccination infection in 3.7% and 5.9% of the individuals after the first and second doses of vaccines, respectively. The infection was significantly lower in HCP who presented higher antibody titres before the vaccination. Although types of vaccines did not show a significant difference in the infection rate, a lower infection rate was recorded for AstraZeneca after the second vaccination course. This rate was equal among individuals receiving a second dose of Sinopharm and Sputnik. Vaccine-related side effects were more frequent among AstraZeneca recipients after the first dose and among Sputnik recipients after the second dose. In conclusion, our results showed diversity among different brands of COVID-19 vaccines; however, it seems that two doses of the vaccines could induce an antibody response in most of HCP. The induced immunity could persist for 3–5 months after the second vaccination course.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0950-2688 , 1469-4409
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S0950268822001984
    RVK:
    XA 41125
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1470211-3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SARS Coronavirus 2, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in Children: A Review on Epidemiology, Clinical Presentation, and Diagnosis
    Briefland ; 2020
    In:  Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Vol. 8, No. 4 ( 2020-09-19)
    Details
    In: Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Briefland, Vol. 8, No. 4 ( 2020-09-19)
    Abstract: Context: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused irreparable damage to society. The pediatric population may be asymptomatic but has positive viral nucleic acid test results and plays an important role in spreading the infection in populations. However, there is a substantial information gap on the epidemiology, pathology, and clinical presentations of COVID-19 in pediatric patients. Evidence Acquisition: English research articles published before April 18, 2020, were reviewed to understand the clinical characteristics of SARS coronavirus 2, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome in children. The WHO (https://www.who. int/) and CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.cdc.gov/) websites were also reviewed to find eligible studies, besides articles extracted from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Results: In comparison with SARS and MERS, COVID-19 seems to have wider clinical symptoms and routes of transmission. Multisystem inflammatory syndrome is a unique clinical feature of this novel virus. The low prevalence of COVID-19 in children may be due to lower contacts or incomplete identification rather than resistance to the virus. Conclusions: As this virus is novel, we believe that lessons learned from SARS and MERS outbreaks are very valuable in handling the current pandemic. The aim of this paper was to provide the updated summary of clinical manifestation, diagnostic, molecular, and genetic aspects of the novel coronavirus in comparison with SARS and MERS coronaviruses in children.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2322-1828 , 2322-1836
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5812/apid
    DOI: 10.5812/apid.104860
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Briefland
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura in a Child with COVID-19: A Case Report
    Briefland ; 2021
    In:  Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Vol. 10, No. Suppl ( 2021-08-21)
    Details
    In: Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Briefland, Vol. 10, No. Suppl ( 2021-08-21)
    Abstract: Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It may have many undescribed clinical manifestations. Case Presentation: In this study, we report a 7-year-old male COVID-19 patient with low platelet count who presented with gingival bleeding and ecchymosis and had a good response to corticosteroid therapy. Conclusions: This case highlights the need to be vigilant for atypical presentations or complications of COVID-19, one of which is SARS-CoV-2-induced immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). It is necessary to pay attention to platelet count in addition to typical clinical features and radiographic findings. On the other hand, viral testing in thrombocytopenic patients should be considered for timely diagnosis of COVID-19 and taking necessary measurements for patient isolation in order to prevent the spread of disease and healthcare workers’ infection during this pandemic.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2322-1828 , 2322-1836
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5812/apid
    DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.110428
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Briefland
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 4
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    Co-infection with dual Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes as a cause of pediatric bacterial meningitis in Iran: a multi-center cross-sectional study
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  BMC Infectious Diseases Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2022-12)
    Details
    In: BMC Infectious Diseases, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2022-12)
    Abstract: Meningitis is considered a life-threatening infection with high mortality all over the world. Hemophilus influenzae ( H. influenzae ) and Streptococcus pneumoniae ( S. pneumoniae ) are regarded as the two most common infectious agents causing bacterial meningitis. This study aimed to identify H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae serotypes in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of pediatric patients with meningitis, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods This multi-center cross-sectional study included 284 children with suspected meningitis referred to 4 target hospitals. Overall, 412 samples (128 blood and 284 CSF samples) were obtained from the patients from November 14, 2016 to November 15, 2017. The extracted DNA was examined using multiplex real time PCR to screen for S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae . S. pneumoniae serotyping was also done by multiplex PCR. Results Out of 284 CSF specimens, 22 were positive for ply S. pneumoniae . Of 20 DNA samples meeting the Quality Control (QC) standards for serotyping, 7 (35%), 6 (30%), 2 (10%), 2 (10%), 2 (10%), 1 (5%), 1 (5%), 1 (5%), 1 (5%) and 1 (5%) were positive for serotypes 3, 11A, 6A, 14, 7C, 23F, 23B, 19A, and 19F and 5, respectively. Overall, nine samples were positive for two serotypes, of whom 3 and 11A were the most common from Tehran province. Of note, one of these CSF samples showed a new co-infection with serotypes 7C and 14. Also, 6 samples (30%) were positive for H. influenzae detected by bexA primer. None of the blood samples were positive for S. pneumoniae or H. influenzae . Conclusion Co-infection with S. pneumoniae serotypes can occur in bacterial meningitis and it might be missed if all serotypes are not evaluated in CSF specimens.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-2334
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07606-w
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041550-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Iranian Pediatric COVID-19 Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics
    Hindawi Limited ; 2021
    In:  Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology Vol. 2021 ( 2021-12-15), p. 1-5
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2021 ( 2021-12-15), p. 1-5
    Abstract: Background. Despite the worldwide spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), information about the epidemiological and clinical patterns of this infection is still largely unknown in children. In addition, the prevalence of this disease is still very high in some parts of the world, including Iran. Thus, this study aims to evaluate the epidemiological features, laboratory and imaging findings, and the type of treatments in children with novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Method. This study is conducted from March 2020–March 2021 by using the medical records of hospitalized confirmed COVID-19 children younger than 18 years in five cities of Iran: Tehran, Ahwaz, Isfahan, Bandar-Abbas, and Khorramabad. In addition to demographic and epidemiological data, we also studied clinical signs and treatments. Results. In total 278 confirmed COVID-19 children, the average age was 5.3 years, and 59.4%were boys. A total of 37.8% had an underlying disease, in which the most common was a malignancy. The most common symptoms were fever and cough. In this group of pediatrics, some abnormal laboratory findings have been seen. GGO (Ground-Glass Opacity) had been diagnosed in 58.6% of children. 3.6% needed oxygen therapy with ventilators, and 83.09% had received antibiotic treatments with the majority of ceftriaxone. Also, 10% had got steroids. In this study, the mortality rate was 4.3%. Conclusion. In this study, most of the children who died had an underlying disease, so timely care and action is important in them. Most children admitted to our study received antibiotics and were prescribed antivirals and steroids for a smaller number. Also, a small number of children received oxygen therapy, most of whom were in the age group of 1 to 5 years.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1918-1493 , 1712-9532
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2021/4914371
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2207109-X
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  • 6
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    Late presentation of congenital type IV esophageal hiatus hernia in a 9-year-old boy: a case report
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Medical Case Reports Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2022-12)
    Details
    In: Journal of Medical Case Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2022-12)
    Abstract: Congenital diaphragmatic hernia affects 1 in every 2000–5000 live births. The mediastinum shifts to the opposite side, the lungs are hypoplastic, and the arterioles are abnormal, resulting in pulmonary hypertension. Respiratory and cardiovascular functions are severely impaired at birth, resulting in significant mortality and morbidity as a result of the associated malformations. Case presentation A 9-year-old persian boy was referred with complaint of intermittent abdominal pain in the left lower quadrant and an episode of vomiting. The patient was tachypneic, and the abdomen was nontender on examination. Lung sounds on the left side were considerably decreased, whereas heart sounds on the right side were louder. There was no history of underlying disease in the patient. Initial laboratory blood tests, chest x-ray, spiral computed tomography scan, and chest sonography were requested. Blood tests were normal, and chest x-ray revealed a round-shaped lesion with relatively clear boundaries containing air–fluid level and shift of the heart and mediastinum to the right. A spiral computed tomography scan of the lungs demonstrated the shift of the heart and mediastinum to the right side was due to dilated stomach and colon pressure, and chest sonography revealed that half of the stomach was inside the thorax. Laparotomy surgery was performed. The patient had no complications following surgery. Conclusions Herniation of abdominal contents through the diaphragmatic hiatus should be suspected in patients with tachypnea and mediastinal shift to the right side. Rapid diagnosis and early surgical treatment are necessary to avert any potentially life-threatening complications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1752-1947
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03331-9
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2269805-X
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  • 7
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    Online Resource
    Livestock Brucellosis: Frequency of Mutations Causing Resistance to Fluoroquinolone, Streptomycin and Rifampin
    Briefland ; 2020
    In:  Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2020-02-03)
    Details
    In: Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Briefland, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2020-02-03)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2322-1828 , 2322-1836
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5812/apid
    DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.83557
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Briefland
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 8
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    Posaconazole-Induced Acute Pancreatitis: A Rare Side Effect in a Child with Chronic Granulomatous Disease
    Briefland ; 2020
    In:  Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Vol. 8, No. 4 ( 2020-07-12)
    Details
    In: Archives of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Briefland, Vol. 8, No. 4 ( 2020-07-12)
    Abstract: Introduction: Pancreatitis is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas. Drug-induced pancreatitis is an important cause of pancreatitis. There are two pathological types of acute pancreatitis, including pancreatic edema with a mild course and pancreatic necrosis with a poor prognosis. Some agents can induce pancreatitis, but so far, posaconazole-induced pancreatitis in children has been not reported. Here, we describe the case of a child with acute pancreatitis who received posaconazole. Case Presentation: A 10-year-old girl with a three-year history of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) was admitted to hospital due to epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and fever for the last four days. The pain was persistent and prominent in the periumbilical area. The patient was on lifelong antifungal prophylaxis for her illness. On abdominal sonography, the head of the pancreas was inflated, which can indicate pancreatitis. All the medications were discontinued at the time of admission, and along with sufficient hydration, acetaminophen was administered for the patient’s pain. One, three, and twelve months after discharge, the patient was visited for follow-up with no signs of stomach discomfort, and the lab data was within the normal limits. CGD is a rare disease in which the phagocytes fail to produce hydrogen peroxide. Such patients are prone to bacterial and fungal infections. Conclusions: In conclusion, this is the second case of posaconazole-induced pancreatitis and the first case in children; thus, we recommend that physicians should be aware of the signs of pancreatitis in high-risk individuals like immunocompromised pediatric population.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2322-1828 , 2322-1836
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5812/apid
    DOI: 10.5812/pedinfect.99487
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Briefland
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Evidence-Based Prediction of COVID-19 Severity in Hospitalized Children
    Hindawi Limited ; 2022
    In:  International Journal of Clinical Practice Vol. 2022 ( 2022-4-9), p. 1-7
    Details
    In: International Journal of Clinical Practice, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2022 ( 2022-4-9), p. 1-7
    Abstract: Objective. In this study, by using clinical and paraclinical characteristics, we have aimed to predict the severity of the disease in hospitalized COVID-19 children. Method. This cross-sectional study was conducted on medical records about epidemiologic data, underlying diseases, symptoms, and laboratory tests from March to October, 2020, on 238 hospitalized confirmed COVID-19 paediatric cases in several children’s hospitals of Tehran, Ahwaz, Isfahan, and Bandar Abbas. Results. From 238 patients, 140 (59%) were male and most of them were in the age group of 1 to 5 years (34.6%). Among all hospitalized patients, 38% had an underlying disease and in total, 5% of cases were expired. Conclusion. Determining patient severity is essential for appropriate clinical decision making; our results showed that in hospitalized pediatric patients, by using several variables such as SGOT, CRP, ALC, LDH, WBC, O2sat, and ferritin, we can use clinical and paraclinical characteristics for predicting the severity of COVID-19.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1742-1241 , 1368-5031
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2022/1918177
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2135320-7
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  • 10
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    Dysentery as the only presentation of COVID-19 in a child: a case report
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Medical Case Reports Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Details
    In: Journal of Medical Case Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 15, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Abstract: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused irreparable damage to society, and the damage continues. Pediatricians are confronted with COVID-19 in a variety of presentations, which may lead to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Early diagnosis of the disease plays an important role in preventing transmission of the virus in the community. Case presentation Here we report a 27-month-old previously healthy Iranian female child who presented with fever and bloody diarrhea, diagnosed with COVID-19 based on contact history, exclusion of enteric bacterial pathogens and parasites, and positive stool and nasopharyngeal severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests. The patient had viral shedding for more than a month. Conclusions The pediatric population usually does not present with typical clinical features of COVID-19, which are respiratory involvement. Dysentery may be the only presentation of this disease, and long-term isolation should be considered, as the viral shedding may last for more than a month.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1752-1947
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s13256-021-02672-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2269805-X
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