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  • 1
    In: Journal of the American Heart Association, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2020-01-07)
    Abstract: Data comparing outcomes in heart failure ( HF ) across Asia are limited. We examined regional variation in mortality among patients with HF enrolled in the ASIAN ‐HF (Asian Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure) registry with separate analyses for those with reduced ejection fraction ( EF ; 〈 40%) versus preserved EF (≥50%). Methods and Results The ASIAN ‐ HF registry is a prospective longitudinal study. Participants with symptomatic HF were recruited from 46 secondary care centers in 3 Asian regions: South Asia (India), Southeast Asia (Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore), and Northeast Asia (South Korea, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, China). Overall, 6480 patients aged 〉 18 years with symptomatic HF were recruited (mean age: 61.6±13.3 years; 27% women; 81% with HF and reduced r EF ). The primary outcome was 1‐year all‐cause mortality. Striking regional variations in baseline characteristics and outcomes were observed. Regardless of HF type, Southeast Asians had the highest burden of comorbidities, particularly diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, despite being younger than Northeast Asian participants. One‐year, crude, all‐cause mortality for the whole population was 9.6%, higher in patients with HF and reduced EF (10.6%) than in those with HF and preserved EF (5.4%). One‐year, all‐cause mortality was significantly higher in Southeast Asian patients (13.0%), compared with South Asian (7.5%) and Northeast Asian patients (7.4%; P 〈 0.001). Well‐known predictors of death accounted for only 44.2% of the variation in risk of mortality. Conclusions This first multinational prospective study shows that the outcomes in Asian patients with both HF and reduced or preserved EF are poor overall and worst in Southeast Asian patients. Region‐specific risk factors and gaps in guideline‐directed therapy should be addressed to potentially improve outcomes. Clinical Trial Registration URL : https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ . Unique identifier: NCT 01633398.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2047-9980
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 2
    In: Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2021-04)
    Abstract: Little is known regarding the impact of socioeconomic factors on the use of evidence-based therapies and outcomes in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction across Asia. Methods: We investigated the association of both patient-level (household income, education levels) and country-level (regional income level by World Bank classification, income disparity by Gini index) socioeconomic indicators on use of guideline-directed therapy and clinical outcomes (composite of 1-year mortality or HF hospitalization, quality of life) in the prospective multinational ASIAN-HF study (Asian Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure). Results: Among 4540 patients (mean age: 60±13 years, 23% women) with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, 39% lived in low-income regions; 34% in regions with high-income disparity (Gini ≥42.8%); 64.4% had low monthly household income ( 〈 US$1000); and 29.5% had no/only primary education. The largest disparity in treatment across regional income levels pertained to β-blocker and device therapies, with patients from low-income regions being less likely to receive these treatments compared with those from high-income regions and even greater disparity among patients with lower education status and lower household income within each regional income strata. Higher country- and patient-level socioeconomic indicators related to higher quality of life scores and lower risk of the primary composite outcome. Notably, we found a significant interaction between regional income level and both household income and education status ( P interaction 〈 0.001 for both), where the association of low household income and low education status with poor outcomes was more pronounced in high-income compared with lower income regions. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of socioeconomic determinants among patients with heart failure in Asia and suggest that attention should be paid to address disparities in access to care among the poor and less educated, including those from wealthy regions. Registration: URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique Identifier: NCT01633398.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1941-7713 , 1941-7705
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 3
    In: Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology, SAGE Publications, Vol. 14 ( 2022-01), p. 175883592210875-
    Abstract: This phase 1 study aims to evaluate the tolerability and the recommended phase 2 dose of selinexor in Asian patients with advanced or metastatic malignancies. Experimental Design: A total of 105 patients with advanced malignancies were enrolled from two sites in Singapore (National University Hospital and the National Cancer Centre, Singapore) from 24 February 2014 to 14 January 2019. We investigated four dosing schedules of selinexor in a 3 + 3 dose escalation design with an additional Phase 1b expansion cohort. Adverse events were graded with the NCI Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v 4.03. Pharmacodynamic assessments included nuclear cytoplasmic localization of p27, XPO1 cargo proteins pre and post selinexor dosing and pharmacokinetic assessments were conducted at doses between 40 and 60 mg/m 2 . Results: In our Asian patient cohort, dosing at 40 mg/m 2 given 2 out of 3 weeks, was the most tolerable for our patients. At this dose level, grade 3 adverse events included fatigue (8%), hyponatremia (23%), vomiting (5%), thrombocytopenia (5%), and anaemia (2%). Selinexor had a rapid oral absorption with median T max of 2 h and no PK accumulation after multiple doses of tested regimens. Complete responses were seen in two lymphoma patients. Partial responses were noted in three diffuse large B cell lymphomas, one Hodgkin’s lymphoma and thymic carcinoma patient, respectively. Conclusion: Selinexor is tolerated by Asian patients at 40 mg/m 2 twice a week given 2 out of 3 weeks. A 1-week drug holiday was needed as our patients could not tolerate the current approved continuous dosing regimens because of persistent grade 3 fatigue, anorexia and hyponatremia.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1758-8359 , 1758-8359
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 4
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 28, No. 11 ( 2022-06-01), p. 2248-2256
    Abstract: RET is an estrogen response gene with preclinical studies demonstrating cross-talk between the RET and estrogen receptor (ER) pathways. We investigate the role of lenvatinib, a multikinase inhibitor with potent activity against RET, in patients with metastatic breast cancer. Patients and Methods: Patients with advanced ER+/HER2− breast cancer were treated with lenvatinib plus letrozole in a phase Ib/II trial. Primary objectives included safety and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) determination in phase Ib, and objective response rates (ORR) in phase II dose expansion. Results: Sixteen patients were recruited in dose finding, where deescalating doses of lenvatinib from 20 to 14 mg were investigated. Lenvatinib 14 mg plus letrozole 2.5 mg daily was determined as RP2D. Thirty-one patients with 5 median lines of prior therapy in the metastatic setting (range, 0–11) were recruited in dose expansion. In this cohort, ORR was 23.3% [95% confidence interval (CI) 9.9%–42.3%], with median duration of response (DoR) of 6.9 months [interquartile range (IQR) 5.9 to 13.1] . Clinical benefit rate ≥6 months (CBR) was 50.0% (95% CI, 31.3%–68.7%). Similar efficacy was observed in the subgroup of 25 patients who progressed on prior CDK4/6 inhibitor therapy [ORR 20.0% (95% CI, 6.8%–40.7%), median DoR 6.9 months (IQR 5.9–13.1), and CBR 52.0% (95% CI, 31.3%–72.2%)]. Pharmacodynamic studies showed target modulation, with paired tumor biopsies indicating downregulation of RET/pERK and improved vascular normalization index. Conclusions: Lenvatinib plus letrozole had manageable toxicity, with target engagement and preliminary antitumor activity observed, supporting further assessment in randomized studies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 5
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 24, No. 24 ( 2018-12-15), p. 6168-6174
    Abstract: Patients with recurrent ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) have limited effective options due to chemoresistance. A phase II study was designed to assess the activity of ENMD-2076, an oral multitarget kinase selective against Aurora A and VEGFR. Patients and Methods: This multicenter phase II study included patients with recurrent OCCC who received prior platinum-based chemotherapy. Primary endpoints were objective response and 6-month progression-free survival (PFS) rates. Correlative analyses include ARID1A and PTEN expression by IHC and gene sequencing with a targeted custom capture next-generation sequencing panel. Results: Forty patients were enrolled with a median age of 54, of which 38 patients were evaluable. ENMD-2076 was well tolerated with main related grade 3 toxicities being hypertension (28%), proteinuria (10%), and diarrhea (10%). Best response was partial response for 3 patients (1 unconfirmed) and stable disease for 26 patients. The overall 6-month PFS rate was 22% and differed according to ARID1A expression (ARIDIA− vs. ARID1A+; 33% vs. 12%, P = 0.023). PTEN-positive expression was observed in 20 of 36 patients, and there was no correlation with outcome. Median PFS in patients with PI3KCA wild-type versus PI3KCA-mutated group was 5 versus 3.7 months (P = 0.049). Molecular profiling showed variants in PI3KCA (27%), ARID1A (26%), and TP53 (7%). The patient with the longest treatment duration (22 months) was PTEN wild-type, diploid PTEN with putative biallelic inactivation of ARID1A. Conclusions: Single-agent ENMD-2076 did not meet the preset bar for efficacy. Loss of ARID1A correlated with better PFS on ENMD-2076 and warrants further investigation as a potential predictive biomarker.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 6
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 80, No. 21_Supplement ( 2020-11-01), p. PO-008-PO-008
    Abstract: The treatment of ovarian cancer has shifted away from the one-model-fit-all practice in this era of precision medicine. The current treatment for ovarian cancer has evolved to stratify patients based on histology and the mutation status. For instance, BRCA mutated non-mucinous ovarian cancer will be recommended for PARP inhibitor treatment in both the first- and second-line maintenance settings. However, beyond this concept of BRCAness, there still exists background heterogeneity at the transcriptomic level. In high grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), diverse molecular heterogeneity based on gene expression profiling has been shown by the Australian and the TCGA cohorts. This molecular heterogeneity has been demonstrated to be very robust and reproducible by a large-scale meta-analysis study consisting of 1,538 samples. At least 5 distinct gene-expression based molecular subtypes (GEMS) have been identified. The C1 and C5 subtype from the Tothill dataset corresponds to the Mesenchymal and Proliferative subtype from the TCGA dataset and the Mes and Stem-A subtype from the 1,538 meta-analysis dataset, respectively. These GEMS have been correlated with patient survival. The C1/Mesenchymal/Mes and C5/Proliferative/Stem-A GEMS are associated with poorer survival outcomes. Contentions have always been whether these GEMS could be used for patient stratification. To achieve this, a tool to decipher the intra-tumor heterogeneity (ITH) of GEMS is needed to ascertain whether a robust stratification scheme is feasible. Molecular assessment of subtype heterogeneity (MASH) was developed to comprehensively report on the composition of all transcriptomic subtypes within a tumor. Using MASH on 3431 ovarian cancer samples, correlation and association analyses with survival, metastasis and clinical outcomes were performed to assess the impact of GEMS composition as a surrogate for ITH. We identified that 30% of ovarian tumours consist of two or more GEMS. When biological features of the GEMS constituents were examined, we identified significant impact on clinical outcomes with the presence of poor prognostic GEMS (Mes or Stem-A). Poorer outcomes correlated with having higher degrees of poor prognostic GEMS populations within the tumor. Finally, a clinically applicable MASH assay using NanoString® technology was developed to comprehensively describe constituents of GEMS in ovarian cancer. Citation Format: Tuan Zea Tan, Valerie Heong, Jieru Ye, Diana Lim, Jeffrey Low, Mahesh Choolani, Clare Scott, David S.P. Tan, Ruby Y.J. Huang. Know thy neighbor: Deciphering the intra-tumor heterogeneity in ovarian cancer with molecular assessment of subtype heterogeneity (MASH) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-008.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 7
    In: Clinical Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 15, No. 8 ( 2009-04-15), p. 2711-2722
    Abstract: Purpose: To characterize the molecular genetic profiles of grade 3 invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type using high-resolution microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) and to identify recurrent amplicons harboring putative therapeutic targets associated with luminal, HER-2, and basal-like tumor phenotypes. Experimental Design: Ninety-five grade 3 invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type were classified into luminal, HER-2, and basal-like subgroups using a previously validated immunohistochemical panel. Tumor samples were microdissected and subjected to aCGH using a tiling path 32K BAC array platform. Selected regions of recurrent amplification were validated by means of in situ hybridization. Expression of genes pertaining to selected amplicons was investigated using quantitative real-time PCR and gene silencing was done using previously validated short hairpin RNA constructs. Results: We show that basal-like and HER-2 tumors are characterized by “sawtooth” and “firestorm” genetic patterns, respectively, whereas luminal cancers were more heterogeneous. Apart from confirming known amplifications associated with basal-like (1q21, 10p, and 12p), luminal (8p12, 11q13, and 11q14), and HER-2 (17q12) cancers, we identified previously unreported recurrent amplifications associated with each molecular subgroup: 19q12 in basal-like, 1q32.1 in luminal, and 14q12 in HER-2 cancers. PPM1D gene amplification (17q23.2) was found in 20% and 8% of HER-2 and luminal cancers, respectively. Silencing of PPM1D by short hairpin RNA resulted in selective loss of viability in tumor cell lines harboring the 17q23.2 amplification. Conclusions: Our results show the power of aCGH analysis in unraveling the genetic profiles of specific subgroups of cancer and for the identification of novel therapeutic targets.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1078-0432 , 1557-3265
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 8
    In: Gynecologic Oncology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 167, No. 2 ( 2022-11), p. 360-372
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0090-8258
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467974-7
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  • 9
    In: Cancer Discovery, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-01-01), p. 80-91
    Abstract: Targeting the ataxia telangiectasia and RAD3-related (ATR) enzyme represents a promising anticancer strategy for tumors with DNA damage response (DDR) defects and replication stress, including inactivation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) signaling. We report the dose-escalation portion of the phase I first-in-human trial of oral ATR inhibitor BAY 1895344 intermittently dosed 5 to 80 mg twice daily in 21 patients with advanced solid tumors. The MTD was 40 mg twice daily 3 days on/4 days off. Most common adverse events were manageable and reversible hematologic toxicities. Partial responses were achieved in 4 patients and stable disease in 8 patients. Median duration of response was 315.5 days. Responders had ATM protein loss and/or deleterious ATM mutations and received doses ≥40 mg twice daily. Overall, BAY 1895344 is well tolerated, with antitumor activity against cancers with certain DDR defects, including ATM loss. An expansion phase continues in patients with DDR deficiency. Significance: Oral BAY 1895344 was tolerable, with antitumor activity in heavily pretreated patients with various advanced solid tumors, particularly those with ATM deleterious mutations and/or loss of ATM protein; pharmacodynamic results supported a mechanism of action of increased DNA damage. Further study is warranted in this patient population. See related commentary by Italiano, p. 14. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2159-8274 , 2159-8290
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607892-2
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  • 10
    In: Journal of Clinical Oncology, American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Vol. 26, No. 34 ( 2008-12-01), p. 5530-5536
    Abstract: We evaluated the clinical impact of germ-line BRCA1/2 mutations in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) on responses to first and subsequent lines of chemotherapy, treatment-free interval (TFI) between each line of therapy, and overall survival (OS). Patients and Methods Twenty-two EOC patients with germ-line BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations (BRCA-positive) were selected from our database and matched (1:2) with 44 nonhereditary EOC controls (defined by no associated personal history of breast cancer and no family history of breast and ovarian cancer or an uninformative BRCA mutation test) for stage, histologic subtype, age, and year of diagnosis. All patients received primary platinum-based chemotherapy. Statistical comparisons included responses after first-, second-, and third-line treatment (χ 2 /Fisher's exact test) and median OS (Kaplan-Meier method/log-rank test). Results Compared with controls, BRCA-positive patients had higher overall (95.5% v 59.1%; P = .002) and complete response rates (81.8% v 43.2%; P = .004) to first line treatment, higher responses to second and third line platinum-based chemotherapy (second line, 91.7% v 40.9% [P = .004]; third line, 100% v 14.3% [P = .005] ) and longer TFIs. A significant improvement in median OS in BRCA-positive patients compared with controls was observed from both time of diagnosis (8.4 v 2.9 years; P 〈 .002) and time of first relapse (5 v 1.6 years; P 〈 .001). BRCA status, stage, and length of first response were independent prognostic factors from time of first relapse. Conclusion BRCA-positive EOC patients have better outcomes than nonhereditary EOC patients. There exists a clinical syndrome of BRCAness that includes serous histology, high response rates to first and subsequent lines of platinum-based treatment, longer TFIs between relapses, and improved OS.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0732-183X , 1527-7755
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2005181-5
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