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  • 1
    In: PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2018-9-5), p. e0201287-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-6203
    Language: English
    Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 2
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 78, No. 13_Supplement ( 2018-07-01), p. 4240-4240
    Abstract: Background: Breast cancer prognosis depends on stage at diagnosis and varies by intrinsic tumor subtype. In the US, the distribution of tumor subtypes has been shown to differ between racial/ethnic groups with African American and Latina women more likely to be diagnosed with the more aggressive “triple negative” breast cancer (TNBC) compared to Non-Latino White women. Latinos in the US originate from different countries with different cultures and ancestral genetic backgrounds, demonstrating the heterogeneity that exists. Information about the distribution of tumor subtypes in Latin American regions is limited. Methods: Data for these analyses come from The Peruvian National Cancer Institute . Includes clinical information for 303 patients diagnosed with breast cancer between 2010 and 2015 and who are members of Indigenous American communities. We analyzed women from different groups: the Quechuas (Group 1; N=223), Aimara (Group 2; N=9), Ashankinka/Nomatsigenga/Yenesha (Group 3; N=17), Awajun/Kichwa/Shawi/Shipibo-Konibo (Group 4; N=29) and other communities (Group 5; N=20). Some communities were combined based on previous literature describing their genealogical proximity. We compared tumor characteristics and survival between these groups using Fisher exact tests, T-tests, and a Cox Proportional Hazards model with predictors age at diagnosis, stage, tumor subtype, and treatment. Breast cancer subtype was defined as luminal A (ER/PR+/HER2-), luminal B (ER+/HER2+), HER2 overexpressing (ER/PR- HER2+) and triple negative (ER/PR- HER2-) based on immunohistochemistry. Results: Overall, tumors from the 303 Indigenous American women included in the present study were 37% luminal A, 20% luminal B, 23% HER2 overexpressing and 19% triple negative. Our analyses showed that women from group 1 were diagnosed at an older age (55 vs. 48-50, p & lt;0.0001) and less frequently with TNBC compared to women from other groups (45% vs. 55-78%, p=0.06). Compared to group 1, women from the other groups a non-significant trend towards higher mortality (HR 1.5-1.9, p=0.272). In the full model, including age, stage, tumor subtype and treatment, the trend was no longer apparent. Whether the women had surgery had the strongest effect on survival (p=0.001) followed by stage (p=0.0012) and TNBC (p=0.0023). Conclusion: Differences in survival between the women of different indigenous communities with breast cancer in Peru are most likely due to differences in access to care. There could be environmental factors or subtle sub continental genetic differences influencing the risk of TNBC. However, the lower frequency of TNBC among the Quechuas could also be due to a reduced set of logistic barriers. The limited power of this study demonstrates the need for larger data sets for subgroup analysis in Latinas. The more we learn by analyzing diverse populations, the better equipped we will be to provide adequate care for all women. Citation Format: Lizeth I. Tamayo, Tatiana Vidaurre, Jeannie Navarro Vásquez, Sandro Casavilca, Jessica I. Aramburu, Monica Calderon, Daniel Cherry, Sikai Song, Garth H. Rauscher, Laura Fejerman. Breast cancer characteristics and survival among different Indigenous American communities in Peru [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4240.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2017
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 77, No. 13_Supplement ( 2017-07-01), p. 5275-5275
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 77, No. 13_Supplement ( 2017-07-01), p. 5275-5275
    Abstract: Background: Breast cancer prognosis depends on stage at diagnosis and varies by intrinsic tumor subtype. In the US, the distribution of intrinsic subtypes has been shown to differ between racial/ethnic groups, with African American and Hispanic/Latina women more likely to be diagnosed with the more aggressive “triple negative” breast cancer (TNBC), lacking expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), compared to Non-Hispanic/Latina White women. Hispanics/Latinos in the US are a heterogeneous group originating from different countries with different cultures and ancestral backgrounds. Information about the distribution of tumor subtypes in Latin American regions is lacking. Methods: Data for these analyses come from the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas (the Peruvian National Cancer Institute), which diagnoses and treats 20% of all breast cancers diagnosed in Peru. We have abstracted data from clinical records for 303 patients diagnosed with breast cancer between 2010 and 2015 and who self-reported as members of an Indigenous American community from the Andean Mountain region (indigenous subgroups: Quechuas, Aimaras, N=232) or the Amazonian region (indigenous subgroups: Shipibo-Konibo, Awajún, Ashaninka, Kichua, Ese Eja, Harakbut, Amahuaca, Shawi, Yanesha, Kakataibo, Nomatsigenga, N=71). We compared the distribution of age at diagnosis and tumor characteristics by region. Comparisons between the two regions were conducted using chi-squared tests, as well as a t-test for age at diagnosis. Breast cancer subtype was defined as luminal A (ER/PR+/HER2-), luminal B (ER+/HER2+), HER2 overexpressing (ER/PR- HER2+) and triple negative (ER/PR- HER2-) based on immunohistochemistry. Results: Overall, tumors from the 303 Indigenous American women from Peru included in the present study were 37% luminal A, 20% luminal B, 23% HER2 overexpressing and 19% triple negative. Our analyses showed that women from the Amazonian region were diagnosed at a younger age (50 vs. 55 mean age at diagnosis, P value =0.001), later stage (53.0% vs. 41.7% stage III or IV, P value=0.107) and more frequently with triple-negative tumors compared to women from the Mountain Region (30% vs. 16%, P value =0.115). Conclusion: Differences between Indigenous American women from the Amazonian and Mountain Range regions in Peru could be due to variation in genetic predisposition to particular subtypes of the disease, variation in environmental exposures, as well as to differences in cancer awareness and access to care between the different groups. The more we learn by analyzing diverse populations, subpopulations and revealing heterogeneity within Latin American women, the better equipped we will be to provide adequate care for all women. Citation Format: Lizeth I. Tamayo, Tatiana Vidaurre, Jeannie N. Vásquez, Sandro Casavilca, Jessica I. Palomino, Monica Calderon, Garth H. Rauscher, Laura Fejerman. Breast cancer characteristics among Indigenous American women from Peru [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5275. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-5275
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 4
    In: PLOS Genetics, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 19, No. 1 ( 2023-1-20), p. e1010588-
    Abstract: Inorganic arsenic is highly toxic and carcinogenic to humans. Exposed individuals vary in their ability to metabolize arsenic, and variability in arsenic metabolism efficiency (AME) is associated with risks of arsenic-related toxicities. Inherited genetic variation in the 10q24.32 region, near the arsenic methyltransferase ( AS3MT ) gene, is associated with urine-based measures of AME in multiple arsenic-exposed populations. To identify potential causal variants in this region, we applied fine mapping approaches to targeted sequencing data generated for exposed individuals from Bangladeshi, American Indian, and European American populations (n = 2,357, 557, and 648 respectively). We identified three independent association signals for Bangladeshis, two for American Indians, and one for European Americans. The size of the confidence sets for each signal varied from 4 to 85 variants. There was one signal shared across all three populations, represented by the same SNP in American Indians and European Americans (rs191177668) and in strong linkage disequilibrium (LD) with a lead SNP in Bangladesh (rs145537350). Beyond this shared signal, differences in LD patterns, minor allele frequency (MAF) (e.g., rs12573221 ~13% in Bangladesh ~0.2% among American Indians), and/or heterogeneity in effect sizes across populations likely contributed to the apparent population specificity of the additional identified signals. One of our potential causal variants influences AS3MT expression and nearby DNA methylation in numerous GTEx tissue types (with rs4919690 as a likely causal variant). Several SNPs in our confidence sets overlap transcription factor binding sites and cis-regulatory elements (from ENCODE). Taken together, our analyses reveal multiple potential causal variants in the 10q24.32 region influencing AME, including a variant shared across populations, and elucidate potential biological mechanisms underlying the impact of genetic variation on AME.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1553-7404
    Language: English
    Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 5
    In: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 32, No. 1_Supplement ( 2023-01-01), p. C071-C071
    Abstract: Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the US and the leading cause of cancer death among women who self-identify as Hispanics/Latinas (H/L). Approximately 5-10% of breast cancer can be attributed to inherited genetic mutations in high penetrance genes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2. Studies have shown that genetic counseling can help women and their families make informed decisions about genetic testing, which in turn can lead to life-saving preventative strategies. H/L women are less likely to undergo genetic testing than Non-Hispanic White women. To address this disparity, we have developed a hereditary breast cancer outreach, education, and navigation program for Spanish-speaking Latinas in California. Materials and Methods: The “Tu Historia Cuenta” program is a promotores-based virtual outreach, education, and navigation program implemented in the cities of San Francisco, Sacramento, and Los Angeles. Participants responded to a demographic survey, a breast cancer family history survey, and a feedback survey. Survey responses were described for participants and compared by the area where the program took place using chi-square, Fisher exact tests, and t-tests. Multinomial logistic regression models were used for multivariate analyses. Results and Conclusion: We enrolled 1042 women, and 892 completed the family history survey. Among those who completed the survey, 62 (7%) were found to have a strong family history of breast cancer and qualified for referral to genetic counseling. We identified 272 women (42.8% of women aged 40 to 74 years) who were due for mammograms (64 of whom we have connected to a federally-funded screening program), 162 women (16% of women aged 25 to 65 years) due for Papanicolaou test, and 189 women (71.6% of women aged 50+) due for colonoscopy. Insurance rates differed across the three cities with San Francisco having the smallest proportion of uninsured individuals (9.3%) compared to Los Angeles and Sacramento (44.3% and 44%, respectively), which may be explained by differences in health care access. Through this study, we were able to connect with participants that are often excluded form research (35.8% of the study participants were uninsured and 48% were monolingual or had limited English proficiency). These results highlight the need for additional support for programs that spread awareness about cancer risk and facilitate access to resources, specifically within the H/L community. Citation Format: Lizeth I. Tamayo, Fabian Perez, Angelia Perez, Miriam Hernandez, Alejandra Martinez, Xiaosong Huang, Valentina Zavala, Elad Ziv, Susan L. Neuhausen, Luis Carvajal-Carmona, Ysabel Duron, Laura Fejerman. Cancer screening and breast cancer family history in Spanish-speaking Hispanic/Latina women in California [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C071.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1538-7755
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 6
    In: Yeast, Wiley, Vol. 37, No. 1 ( 2020-01), p. 103-115
    Abstract: Glutamate dehydrogenases (GDHs) are fundamental to cellular nitrogen and energy balance. Yet little is known about these enzymes in the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica . The YALI0F17820g and YALI0E09603g genes, encoding potential GDH enzymes in this organism, were examined. Heterologous expression in gdh ‐null Saccharomyces cerevisiae and examination of Y. lipolytica strains carrying gene deletions demonstrate that YALI0F17820g ( ylGDH1 ) encodes a NADP‐dependent GDH whereas YALI0E09603g ( ylGDH2 ) encodes a NAD‐dependent GDH enzyme. The activity encoded by these two genes accounts for all measurable GDH activity in Y. lipolytica . Levels of the two enzyme activities are comparable during logarithmic growth on rich medium, but the NADP‐ylGDH1p enzyme activity is most highly expressed in stationary and nitrogen starved cells by threefold to 12‐fold. Replacement of ammonia with glutamate causes a decrease in NADP‐ylGdh1p activity, whereas NAD‐ylGdh2p activity is increased. When glutamate is both carbon and nitrogen sources, the activity of NAD‐ylGDH2p becomes dominant up to 18‐fold compared with that of NADP‐ylGDH1p. Gene deletion followed by growth on different carbon and nitrogen sources shows that NADP‐ylGdh1p is required for efficient nitrogen assimilation whereas NAD‐ylGdh2p plays a role in nitrogen and carbon utilization from glutamate. Overexpression experiments demonstrate that ylGDH1 and ylGDH2 are not interchangeable. These studies provide a vital basis for future consideration of how these enzymes function to facilitate energy and nitrogen homeostasis in Y. lipolytica .
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0749-503X , 1097-0061
    URL: Issue
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 7
    In: Public Health Genomics, S. Karger AG, Vol. 23, No. 1-2 ( 2020), p. 69-76
    Abstract: 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Background: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 In human genetics research, it has become common practice for researchers to consider returning genetic information to participants who wish to receive it. Research participants in lower-resource settings may have barriers or competing interests that reduce the benefit or relevance of such information. Thus, the decision to return genetic information in these settings may involve special considerations of participants’ interests and preferences. In this project, our goal was to assess Bangladeshi research participants’ attitudes towards receiving information regarding genetic susceptibility to the effects of consuming arsenic-contaminated drinking water, a serious environmental health concern in Bangladesh and other countries. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Methods: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 We administered a short questionnaire to 200 individuals participating in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study. Associations between survey responses and participant characteristics were estimated using logistic regression. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Results: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Overall, 100% of our participants were interested in receiving information regarding their genetic susceptibility to arsenic toxicities, and 91% indicated that being at increased genetic risk would motivate them to make efforts to reduce their exposure. Lower levels of education showed evidence of association with less concern regarding the health effects of arsenic and lower levels of motivation to reduce exposure in response to genetic information. 〈 b 〉 〈 i 〉 Conclusions: 〈 /i 〉 〈 /b 〉 Research participants in this low-resource setting appeared interested in receiving information on their genetic susceptibility to arsenic toxicity and motivated to reduce exposure in response to such information. Additional research is needed to understand how best to communicate genetic information in this population and to assess the impact of such information on individuals’ behaviors and health.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-4246 , 1662-8063
    Language: English
    Publisher: S. Karger AG
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 8
    In: Frontiers in Oncology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2023-2-16)
    Abstract: Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, and the distribution of the different subtypes varies by race/ethnic category in the United States and by country. Established breast cancer-associated factors impact subtype-specific risk; however, these included limited or no representation of Latin American diversity. To address this gap in knowledge, we report a description of demographic, reproductive, and lifestyle breast cancer-associated factors by age at diagnosis and disease subtype for The Peruvian Genetics and Genomics of Breast Cancer (PEGEN-BC) study. Methods The PEGEN-BC study is a hospital-based breast cancer cohort that includes 1943 patients diagnosed at the Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplásicas in Lima, Peru. Demographic and reproductive information, as well as lifestyle exposures, were collected with a questionnaire. Clinical data, including tumor Hormone Receptor (HR) status and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) status, were abstracted from electronic medical records. Differences in proportions and mean values were tested using Chi-squared and one-way ANOVA tests, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression models were used for multivariate association analyses. Results The distribution of subtypes was 52% HR+HER2-, 19% HR+HER2+, 16% HR-HER2-, and 13% HR-HER2+. Indigenous American (IA) genetic ancestry was higher, and height was lower among individuals with the HR-HER2+ subtype (80% IA vs. 76% overall, p =0.007; 152 cm vs. 153 cm overall, p =0.032, respectively). In multivariate models, IA ancestry was associated with HR-HER2+ subtype (OR=1.38,95%CI=1.06-1.79, p =0.017) and parous women showed increased risk for HR-HER2+ (OR=2.7,95%CI=1.5-4.8, p & lt;0.001) and HR-HER2- tumors (OR=2.4,95%CI=1.5-4.0, p & lt;0.001) compared to nulliparous women. Multiple patient and tumor characteristics differed by age at diagnosis ( & lt;50 vs. & gt;=50), including ancestry, region of residence, family history, height, BMI, breastfeeding, parity, and stage at diagnosis ( p & lt;0.02 for all variables). Discussion The characteristics of the PEGEN-BC study participants do not suggest heterogeneity by tumor subtype except for IA genetic ancestry proportion, which has been previously reported. Differences by age at diagnosis were apparent and concordant with what is known about pre- and post-menopausal-specific disease risk factors. Additional studies in Peru should be developed to further understand the main contributors to the specific age of onset and molecular disease subtypes in this population and develop population-appropriate predictive models for prevention.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2234-943X
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2649216-7
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  • 9
    In: Frontiers in Oncology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 12 ( 2023-1-6)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2234-943X
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2649216-7
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2022
    In:  Cancer Research Vol. 82, No. 12_Supplement ( 2022-06-15), p. 1440-1440
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 82, No. 12_Supplement ( 2022-06-15), p. 1440-1440
    Abstract: Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a class I human carcinogen, and exposure to iAs affects & gt;200 million individuals worldwide. In Bangladesh, & gt;57 million individuals are chronically exposed to iAs through drinking-water. There is inter-individual variation in arsenic metabolism efficiency (AME) due to inherited genetic variation, and this variability impacts individuals’ internal dose of arsenic and their susceptibility to toxicity. Identifying genetic determinants of AME to help identify individuals at higher risk for toxicity has been a focus within genetic epidemiology research. Consumed arsenic enters the blood in as iAs. Sequential reduction and methylation reactions are catalyzed by glutathione and arsenic methyltransferase (AS3MT) respectively, producing monomethylated (MMA) and dimethylated (DMA) forms of arsenic. Generation of DMA is beneficial because DMA is more easily expelled from the body in urine compared to MMA or iAs. AME is often represented by the percent of the arsenic species in urine that exists as DMA. Previous studies have identified genetic variants in the AS3MT (10q24.32) and FTCD (21q22.3) regions as showing clear association with AME. However, additional regions containing variants showing robust and replicable association with AME have not yet been identified, although studies of AME heritability suggest that additional variants are likely to exist. We used data from & gt;7,000 participants from two studies of Bangladesh individuals with varying levels of exposure to arsenic through drinking water (The Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study, HEALS, and the Bangladesh Vitamin E and Selenium Trial, BEST) to identify genetic variation that impacts individuals’ ability to metabolize arsenic and their susceptibility to toxicity (i.e., arsenic-induced skin lesions). Our preliminary results suggest novel associations with AME in the 1q24.3 region (p= 5.16 x10-14) and with skin lesion risk in the 6p21.33 region (p=1.37x10-9). The identified variants in the 1q24.3 region reside in and around the FMO3 gene. FMOs are enzymes involved in xenobiotic metabolism; therefore, it is plausible that they may play a role in arsenic metabolism. The 6p21.33 signal is in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region, which contains numerous key immune response genes (e.g., HLA genes). These results suggest the existence of additional variants associated with AME and arsenic toxicity risk. Citation Format: Lizeth I. Tamayo, Lin Tong, Muhammad G. Kibriya, Farzana Jasmine, Habibul Ahsan, Brandon L. Pierce. Identifying inherited genetic variation that impacts individuals’ ability to metabolize arsenic and susceptibility to toxicity [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 1440.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1538-7445
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2022
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