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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis of Climate Change Impacts on the Food System Security of Saudi Arabia
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Sustainability Vol. 14, No. 21 ( 2022-11-04), p. 14482-
    Details
    In: Sustainability, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 21 ( 2022-11-04), p. 14482-
    Abstract: Climate change poses a challenge to the security and long-term viability of the global food supply chain. Climate unpredictability and extreme weather events have significant impacts on Saudi Arabia’s vulnerable food system, which is already under stress. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia faces distinct challenges in comparison to other dry locations across the world. Here, the per capita water demand is high, the population is growing, the water resources are extremely limited, and there is little information on the existing groundwater supplies. Consequently, it is anticipated that there will be formidable obstacles in the future. In order to make data-driven decisions, policymakers should be aware of causal links. The complex concerns pertaining to the Saudi Arabian food system were analyzed and rationally explained in the current study. A causality analysis examined different driving factors, including temperature, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, population, and gross domestic product (GDP) that cause vulnerabilities in the country’s food system. The results of the long-run causality test show that GDP has a positive causal relationship with the demand for food, which implies that the demand for food will increase in the long run with an increase in GDP. The result also shows that Saudi Arabia’s GDP and population growth are contributing to the increase in their total GHG emissions. Although the Kingdom has made some efforts to combat climate change, there are still plenty of opportunities for it to implement some of the greatest strategies to guarantee the nation’s food security. This study also highlights the development of appropriate policy approaches to diversify its import sources to ensure future food security.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2071-1050
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/su142114482
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2518383-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Chemically Modified Leaves of Pteris vittata as Efficient Adsorbent for Zinc (II) Removal from Aqueous Solution
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Water Vol. 14, No. 24 ( 2022-12-11), p. 4039-
    Details
    In: Water, MDPI AG, Vol. 14, No. 24 ( 2022-12-11), p. 4039-
    Abstract: High concentrations of zinc along with other metals are released by steel mills, and this has a number of negative effects on organism health; most notably, neurological symptoms have been recorded with a high risk of brain atrophy. In the current study, Zn (II) was eliminated from steel mill effluent, utilizing chemically processed Pteris vittata plant leaves as a biosorbent. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were applied to characterize the chemically modified Pteris vittata leaves, from now onward abbreviated as CMPVL. In order to identify the ideal parameter, batch studies were conducted varying a single parameter affecting the biosorption process at a time, including variations in temperature (293–323 K), initial metal concentration (20–300 mg/L), and adsorbent doses (0.01–0.12 g), pH (2–8), as well as contact time (10–140 min). To describe the isothermal experimental results, a number of models were used including Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, Jovanovich, and Harkins–Jura. Among these models, the Langmuir model provided a significant fit to the isotherm data with an R2 of 0.9738. The kinetics data were fitted to the pseudo first order, pseudo second order, power function, Natarajan–Khalaf, and intraparticle diffusion models. The highest R2 (0.9976) value was recorded for the pseudo second order model. Using the Langmuir isotherm, the highest uptake ability (84.74 mg/g) of Zn was recorded. The thermodynamic investigation, carried out at various temperatures, led to the conclusion that the biosorption process was exothermic and spontaneous in nature. The CMPVL, thus, has the potential to function well as an alternative to existing carbon-based adsorbents in the effective elimination of zinc from aquatic environments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4441
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/w14244039
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2521238-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    COVID-19 Community Transmission among Healthcare Workers at a Tertiary Care Cardiac Center
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Medical Sciences Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2021-06-30), p. 49-
    Details
    In: Medical Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2021-06-30), p. 49-
    Abstract: Aim: To determine the frequency, mode of transmission, and outcome of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) among healthcare workers (HCWs) in a tertiary care cardiac center in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Methods: This is a retrospective study of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected HCWs and was conducted from 2 March to 31 December 2020. Data related to the presence of COVID-19 symptoms, mode of transmission, hospitalization, and mortality were collected from the patients’ medical records. Results: Of the 4462 patients tested for COVID-19 by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), 203 (4.5%) HCWs were positive; of these, 125 (61.6%) were males, and the most common age group was 〈 40 years. The most commonly encountered health professionals were nurses (74, 36.4%), followed by therapists/technicians (48, 23.6%), housekeepers (25, 12.3%), and physicians (21, 10.4%). The majority (184, 90.6%) of the HCWs contracted COVID-19 in the community, and only 19 (9.4%) were healthcare-associated infections. Of the infected HCWs, 169 (83.3%) had mild symptoms and were managed in home isolation. The most common symptoms were fever (128, 63.1%), body ache (124, 61.8%), headache (113, 55.7%), dry cough (123, 60.6%), sore throat (97, 47.8%), body weakness (97, 47.8%), and fatigue (94, 46.3%). Comparing males and females, there was a significantly higher number of female nurses; in contrast, there was a higher number of male physicians, housekeepers, therapists/technicians, and other specialty HCWs. A significantly lower number of nurses, therapists/technicians were infected in the ≥40 years age group compared to 〈 40 years. Furthermore, a significantly higher difference was observed among non-Saudi nurses compared to Saudi nurses. No mortality was documented among the included HCWs. Conclusions: In the largest tertiary cardiac center in KSA, most HCWs who contracted COVID-19 developed mild symptoms; nurses and those aged 〈 40 years were most commonly infected, and most infections were acquired in the community. HCWs’ adherence to mitigation measures outside of the workplace is vital to curb the current pandemic and decrease nosocomial transmission risk.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3271
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/medsci9030049
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2754473-4
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Anatomical obstacles and their impact on the sheath to balloon time while intervening through a trans-radial approach in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  European Heart Journal Vol. 43, No. Supplement_1 ( 2022-02-04)
    Details
    In: European Heart Journal, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 43, No. Supplement_1 ( 2022-02-04)
    Abstract: Type of funding sources: None. Background Trans-radial approach has been considered a safe and useful vascular access site for cardiac catheterization in comparison with the conventional trans-femoral approach. However, radial access has many challenges, such as access difficulty related to anatomical variations, radial artery spasm, occlusion, loops, tortuosities, and aberrant origin of radial and subclavian arteries. These factors were ignored in the large randomized trials that might have a significant impact on the outcome. Purpose To determine the predictors of anatomical obstacles and their impact on the sheath to balloon time while intervening through a trans-radial approach in patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods This was a case-control study comprised of 466 patients who underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention to determine the predictors of anatomical obstacles including radial artery spasm, radioulnar loops, aberrant radial artery, tortuous configuration, and subclavian tortuosity. Sheath to balloon time was determined in both the groups with and without anatomical obstacles. Results Patients with and without anatomical obstacles were recruited in a 1:3 ratio. Female gender was found to be associated with anatomical obstacles with the distribution of 28.6% (32/112) vs. 19.2% (68/354); p = 0.035 for the patients with and without anatomical obstacles. Patients with obstacles were comparatively older than patients without obstacles with the mean age of 59.11 ± 8.86 vs. 55.6 ± 9.45 years; p  & lt; 0.001. Diabetes as co-morbid was another clinical factor observed to be associated with the presence of anatomical obstacles with the distribution of 50.9% (57/112) vs. 40.1% (142/354); p = 0.044 for with and without obstacles cohort respectively. Among patients with anatomical obstacles, the most common type of obstacle was observed to be subclavian tortuosity (40.2%) followed by radial artery spasm (25.9%), tortuous configuration (17.0%), radioulnar loop (12.5%), and abnormal origin of the RA (4.5%). A significantly higher sheath to balloon time was observed for the patients with anatomical obstacles as compared to those without with a mean duration of 30.92 ± 13.25 vs. 19.42 ± 6.2 minutes; p  & lt; 0.001. Conclusion Older age, female gender, and diabetes were found to be the major predictors for anatomical obstacles and hence significantly increasing the sheath to balloon time. Moreover, Subclavian tortuosity was the most common obstacle followed by the radial artery spasm. Therefore, predicting the factors prolonging the procedure time could be beneficial to select the access site and can improve the overall outcome.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0195-668X , 1522-9645
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab849.127
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2001908-7
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pancreas Size and Volume on Computed Tomography in Normal Adults
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2012
    In:  Pancreas Vol. 41, No. 4 ( 2012-05), p. 589-595
    Details
    In: Pancreas, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 41, No. 4 ( 2012-05), p. 589-595
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0885-3177
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1097/MPA.0b013e318237457f
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2053902-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Comprehensive Aero-Hydro-Structural Analysis of a 5 MW Offshore Wind Turbine System
    ASME International ; 2019
    In:  Journal of Solar Energy Engineering Vol. 141, No. 6 ( 2019-12-01)
    Details
    In: Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, ASME International, Vol. 141, No. 6 ( 2019-12-01)
    Abstract: A comprehensive aero-hydro-structural analysis is conducted for a 5 MW offshore wind turbine system in this study. Soil–structure interaction under complex aero-hydro loading is analyzed to provide a suitable foundation design with high safety. With consideration of the wind turbine size and water depth, the monopile foundation design by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) is selected in the current study. Both aerodynamic loading for the 5 MW wind turbine rotor defined by NREL and hydrodynamic loading on the foundation are simulated under different flow conditions using high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics methods. Structural dynamic analysis is then carried out to estimate the stress field in the foundation and soil. Results from the comprehensive analysis indicate that the Morison equation is conservative when looking at the stress field in the monopile foundation and underestimates the stress field in soil. A similar analysis strategy can be applied to other types of foundations such as jacket foundations and lead to more economical and reliable designs of foundations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0199-6231 , 1528-8986
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1115/1.4043514
    Language: English
    Publisher: ASME International
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessment of the Occupational Risk of Tuberculosis & Air Borne Infection Control in High-Risk Hospital Wards and Its Implications on Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Cureus
    Details
    In: Cureus, Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2168-8184
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33785
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2747273-5
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Common Factors Leading to Tooth Extraction - A Cross Sectional Study in A Tertiary Care Hospital
    Acta Scientific Publications Pvt. Ltd. ; 2019
    In:  Acta Scientific Dental Scienecs Vol. 3, No. 8 ( 2019-07-11), p. 23-28
    Details
    In: Acta Scientific Dental Scienecs, Acta Scientific Publications Pvt. Ltd., Vol. 3, No. 8 ( 2019-07-11), p. 23-28
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2581-4893
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.31080/ASDS.2019.03.0588
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Acta Scientific Publications Pvt. Ltd.
    Publication Date: 2019
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Choroidal Thickness in Normal Pakistani Eyes using Swept Source Optical Coherence Tomography
    Lahore Medical and Dental College ; 2022
    In:  Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2022-01-18), p. 106-108
    Details
    In: Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences, Lahore Medical and Dental College, Vol. 16, No. 1 ( 2022-01-18), p. 106-108
    Abstract: Background: Information on choroidal thickness may be helpful in a variety of clinical settings for diagnosis, treatment, and disease progression assessment. Aim: To assess the choroidal thickness in normal Pakistani eyes using swept source optical coherence tomography. Study design: Cross-sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Ophthalmology, Shalimar Medical & Dental College from 1st March 2021 to 31st August 2021. Methodology: Three hundred eyes were included from 150 healthy individuals. A thorough eye examination was performed for all the included participants. Choroidal thickness was measured by using swept source optical coherence tomography. Results: The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was 296.80±145.13 µ. The nasal outer macula was observed minimum mean choroidal thickness of 240.3±120.12 µ while in superior inner macula it was maximum mean choroidal thickness of 307.91±122.76µ. A non-significant (p=0.0731) and negative correlation (r = −0.0887) of age was observed with subfoveal choroidal thickness. The correlation of refractive error with subfoveal choroidal thickness was positive (r = 0.2271) and significant statistically (P = 0.001). Negative correlation (r = −0.3273) of the axial length was observed with subfoveal choroidal thickness (p=0.021). Conclusion: The increase of axial length and age, decreases in the choroidal thickness occur. Key words: Choroidal thickness; Normal eyes; Swept source optical chohence tomography (OCT)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs21161
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs2116
    DOI: 10.53350/pjmhs22161106
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Lahore Medical and Dental College
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Experimental Investigation of Metal-Based Calixarenes as Dispersed Catalyst Precursors for Heavy Oil Hydrocracking
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Catalysts Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-10-17), p. 1255-
    Details
    In: Catalysts, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 10 ( 2022-10-17), p. 1255-
    Abstract: Slurry-phase hydrocracking utilizing metal-containing oil-soluble compounds as precursors of dispersed catalysts is an effective approach for heavy oil upgrading. We propose applying metal-based p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene (TBC[6] s) organic species as dispersed catalyst precursors to enhance catalytic hydrogenation reactions involved in the upgrading of vacuum gas oil (VGO). Co- and Ni-based TBC[6]s were synthesized and characterized by SEM-EDX, ICP, XRD, and FT-IR. The thermogravimetric and calorimetric behaviors of the synthesized complexes, which are key properties of dispersed hydrocracking catalysts, were also explored. The experimental evaluation of the synthesized catalyst precursors show that the synthesized metal-based TBC[6] catalyst precursors improved the catalytic hydrogenation reactions. A co-catalytic system was also investigated by adding a commercial, first-stage hydrocracking supported catalyst in addition to the dispersed catalysts. The naphtha yields increased from 10.7 wt.% for the supported catalyst to 11.7 wt.% and 12 wt.% after adding it along with Ni-TBC[6] and Co-TBC[6] , respectively. Mixing the metal-based precursors resulted in elevated yields of liquid products due to the in situ generation of highly active Co–Ni bimetallic dispersed catalysts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4344
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/catal12101255
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2662126-5
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