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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparative genome analysis of lignin biosynthesis gene families across the plant kingdom
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2009
    In:  BMC Bioinformatics Vol. 10, No. S11 ( 2009-10)
    Details
    In: BMC Bioinformatics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 10, No. S11 ( 2009-10)
    Abstract: As a major component of plant cell wall, lignin plays important roles in mechanical support, water transport, and stress responses. As the main cause for the recalcitrance of plant cell wall, lignin modification has been a major task for bioenergy feedstock improvement. The study of the evolution and function of lignin biosynthesis genes thus has two-fold implications. First, the lignin biosynthesis pathway provides an excellent model to study the coordinative evolution of a biochemical pathway in plants. Second, understanding the function and evolution of lignin biosynthesis genes will guide us to develop better strategies for bioenergy feedstock improvement. Results We analyzed lignin biosynthesis genes from fourteen plant species and one symbiotic fungal species. Comprehensive comparative genome analysis was carried out to study the distribution, relatedness, and family expansion of the lignin biosynthesis genes across the plant kingdom. In addition, we also analyzed the comparative synteny map between rice and sorghum to study the evolution of lignin biosynthesis genes within the Poaceae family and the chromosome evolution between the two species. Comprehensive lignin biosynthesis gene expression analysis was performed in rice, poplar and Arabidopsis . The representative data from rice indicates that different fates of gene duplications exist for lignin biosynthesis genes. In addition, we also carried out the biomass composition analysis of nine Arabidopsis mutants with both MBMS analysis and traditional wet chemistry methods. The results were analyzed together with the genomics analysis. Conclusion The research revealed that, among the species analyzed, the complete lignin biosynthesis pathway first appeared in moss; the pathway is absent in green algae. The expansion of lignin biosynthesis gene families correlates with substrate diversity. In addition, we found that the expansion of the gene families mostly occurred after the divergence of monocots and dicots, with the exception of the C4H gene family. Gene expression analysis revealed different fates of gene duplications, largely confirming plants are tolerant to gene dosage effects. The rapid expansion of lignin biosynthesis genes indicated that the translation of transgenic lignin modification strategies from model species to bioenergy feedstock might only be successful between the closely relevant species within the same family.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-2105
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-10-S11-S3
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041484-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Plants to power: bioenergy to fuel the future
    Elsevier BV ; 2008
    In:  Trends in Plant Science Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2008-08), p. 421-429
    Details
    In: Trends in Plant Science, Elsevier BV, Vol. 13, No. 8 ( 2008-08), p. 421-429
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1360-1385
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2008.06.001
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2011003-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and functional analysis of candidate genes for bioenergy feedstock improvement
    Elsevier BV ; 2008
    In:  Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 136 ( 2008-10), p. S274-
    Details
    In: Journal of Biotechnology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 136 ( 2008-10), p. S274-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0168-1656
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.07.585
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016476-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The ChatGPT Artificial Intelligence Chatbot: How Well Does It Answer Accounting Assessment Questions?
    American Accounting Association ; 2023
    In:  Issues in Accounting Education ( 2023-11-01), p. 1-28
    Details
    In: Issues in Accounting Education, American Accounting Association, ( 2023-11-01), p. 1-28
    Abstract: ChatGPT, a language-learning model chatbot, has garnered considerable attention for its ability to respond to users’ questions. Using data from 14 countries and 186 institutions, we compare ChatGPT and student performance for 28,085 questions from accounting assessments and textbook test banks. As of January 2023, ChatGPT provides correct answers for 56.5 percent of questions and partially correct answers for an additional 9.4 percent of questions. When considering point values for questions, students significantly outperform ChatGPT with a 76.7 percent average on assessments compared to 47.5 percent for ChatGPT if no partial credit is awarded and 56.5 percent if partial credit is awarded. Still, ChatGPT performs better than the student average for 15.8 percent of assessments when we include partial credit. We provide evidence of how ChatGPT performs on different question types, accounting topics, class levels, open/closed assessments, and test bank questions. We also discuss implications for accounting education and research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0739-3172 , 1558-7983
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2308/ISSUES-2023-013
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Accounting Association
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2068538-5
    SSG: 3,2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Statistical tools for transgene copy number estimation based on real-time PCR
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2007
    In:  BMC Bioinformatics Vol. 8, No. S7 ( 2007-12)
    Details
    In: BMC Bioinformatics, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 8, No. S7 ( 2007-12)
    Abstract: As compared with traditional transgene copy number detection technologies such as Southern blot analysis, real-time PCR provides a fast, inexpensive and high-throughput alternative. However, the real-time PCR based transgene copy number estimation tends to be ambiguous and subjective stemming from the lack of proper statistical analysis and data quality control to render a reliable estimation of copy number with a prediction value. Despite the recent progresses in statistical analysis of real-time PCR, few publications have integrated these advancements in real-time PCR based transgene copy number determination. Results Three experimental designs and four data quality control integrated statistical models are presented. For the first method, external calibration curves are established for the transgene based on serially-diluted templates. The Ct number from a control transgenic event and putative transgenic event are compared to derive the transgene copy number or zygosity estimation. Simple linear regression and two group T-test procedures were combined to model the data from this design. For the second experimental design, standard curves were generated for both an internal reference gene and the transgene, and the copy number of transgene was compared with that of internal reference gene. Multiple regression models and ANOVA models can be employed to analyze the data and perform quality control for this approach. In the third experimental design, transgene copy number is compared with reference gene without a standard curve, but rather, is based directly on fluorescence data. Two different multiple regression models were proposed to analyze the data based on two different approaches of amplification efficiency integration. Our results highlight the importance of proper statistical treatment and quality control integration in real-time PCR-based transgene copy number determination. Conclusion These statistical methods allow the real-time PCR-based transgene copy number estimation to be more reliable and precise with a proper statistical estimation. Proper confidence intervals are necessary for unambiguous prediction of trangene copy number. The four different statistical methods are compared for their advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, the statistical methods can also be applied for other real-time PCR-based quantification assays including transfection efficiency analysis and pathogen quantification.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-2105
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-8-S7-S6
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041484-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Shared and unique morphological responses of stream fishes to anthropogenic habitat alteration
    The Royal Society ; 2013
    In:  Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences Vol. 280, No. 1752 ( 2013-02-07), p. 20122715-
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, The Royal Society, Vol. 280, No. 1752 ( 2013-02-07), p. 20122715-
    Abstract: Understanding population-level responses to novel selective pressures can elucidate evolutionary consequences of human-altered habitats. Stream impoundments (reservoirs) alter riverine ecosystems worldwide, exposing stream fishes to uncommon selective pressures. Assessing phenotypic trait divergence in reservoir habitats will be a first step in identifying the potential evolutionary and ecological consequences of stream impoundments. We tested for body shape divergence in four stream-adapted fishes found in both habitats within three separate basins. Shape variation among fishes was partitioned into shared (exhibited by all species) and unique (species-specific) responses to reservoir habitats. All fishes demonstrated consistent significant shared and unique morphological responses to reservoir habitats. Shared responses were linked to fin positioning, decreased body depths and larger caudal areas; traits likely related to locomotion. Unique responses were linked to head shape, suggesting species-specific responses to abiotic conditions or changes to their trophic ecology in reservoirs. Our results highlight how human-altered habitats can simultaneously drive similar and unique trait divergence in native populations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-8452 , 1471-2954
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2012.2715
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Royal Society
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1460975-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 25
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Altered TCA Cycle Flux Parallels Insulin Resistance And Metabolic Inflexibility In Late Chronotype With Obesity : 882
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2021
    In:  Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise Vol. 53, No. 8S ( 2021-8), p. 292-292
    Details
    In: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 53, No. 8S ( 2021-8), p. 292-292
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1530-0315 , 0195-9131
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000762520.46012.44
    RVK:
    ZX 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2031167-9
    SSG: 31
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    End-of-life spiritual care at a VA medical center: Chaplains' perspectives
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2012
    In:  Palliative and Supportive Care Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2012-12), p. 273-278
    Details
    In: Palliative and Supportive Care, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2012-12), p. 273-278
    Abstract: Spiritual care is an essential component of quality palliative care. Recognizing the importance, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) mandates the inclusion of chaplains in a palliative care consult team (PCCT). The purpose of this study is to explain the process and content of spiritual care provided in a VA Medical Center from chaplains' perspectives. Method: Five Christian chaplains who provide care to patients at end of life were interviewed. Each interview was recorded and transcribed. Analysis based on the grounded theory was used to identify themes from each interview question. Results: The PCCT in this study appeared to have a strong referral and communication system in which every palliative care patient was seen by a chaplain and the care plan was discussed with an interdisciplinary team. Chaplains reported providing a range of services, which addressed religious, spiritual, emotional, family, and illness concerns. Chaplains were aware of the unique spiritual needs of veterans, including working through guilt for killing in war and requiring forgiveness. Chaplains' ideas for improvement of spiritual care services included increasing time to provide care, providing bereavement care and support to families, and adding chaplains with different religious backgrounds. Chaplains reported how their own spirituality influenced the care they provided. Significance of results: Spiritual care in the VA can include a range of services and should consider the unique needs of the veteran population. Future studies can build upon our findings from chaplains to learn about the perspectives of patients, family, and other healthcare providers of spiritual care. This information would allow identification of strengths of current spiritual care practices and areas for care improvement, and ultimately could improve the well-being of patients at the end of life.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1478-9515 , 1478-9523
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1017/S1478951511001003
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2121158-9
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Insulin Sensitivity and Metabolic Flexibility Parallel Plasma TCA Levels in Early Chronotype With Metabolic Syndrome
    The Endocrine Society ; 2022
    In:  The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism Vol. 107, No. 8 ( 2022-07-14), p. e3487-e3496
    Details
    In: The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, The Endocrine Society, Vol. 107, No. 8 ( 2022-07-14), p. e3487-e3496
    Abstract: People characterized as late chronotype have elevated type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk compared to early chronotype. It is unclear how chronotype is associated with insulin sensitivity, metabolic flexibility, or plasma TCA cycle intermediates concentration, amino acids (AA), and/or beta-oxidation. Objective This study examined these metabolic associations with chronotype. Methods The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) was used to classify adults with metabolic syndrome (ATP III criteria) as either early (n = 15 [13F], MEQ = 64.7 ± 1.4) or late (n = 19 [16F] , MEQ = 45.5 ± 1.3) chronotype. Fasting bloods determined hepatic (HOMA-IR) and adipose insulin resistance (Adipose-IR) while a 120-minute euglycemic clamp (40 mU/m2/min, 5 mmoL/L) was performed to test peripheral insulin sensitivity (glucose infusion rate). Carbohydrate (CHOOX) and fat oxidation (FOX), as well as nonoxidative glucose disposal (NOGD), were also estimated (indirect calorimetry). Plasma tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) intermediates, AA, and acyl-carnitines were measured along with VO2max and body composition (DXA). Results There were no statistical differences in age, BMI, fat-free mass, VO2max, or ATP III criteria between groups. Early chronotype, however, had higher peripheral insulin sensitivity (P = 0.009) and lower HOMA-IR (P = 0.02) and Adipose-IR (P = 0.05) compared with late chronotype. Further, early chronotype had higher NOGD (P = 0.008) and greater insulin-stimulated CHOOX (P = 0.02). While fasting lactate (P = 0.01), TCA intermediates (isocitrate, α-ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, malate; all P ≤ 0.04) and some AA (proline, isoleucine; P = 0.003-0.05) were lower in early chronotype, other AA (threonine, histidine, arginine; all P ≤ 0.05) and most acyl-carnitines were higher (P ≤ 0.05) compared with late chronotype. Conclusion Greater insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility relates to plasma TCA concentration in early chronotype.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-972X , 1945-7197
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac233
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: The Endocrine Society
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2026217-6
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Morphological divergence and flow‐induced phenotypic plasticity in a native fish from anthropogenically altered stream habitats
    Wiley ; 2013
    In:  Ecology and Evolution Vol. 3, No. 14 ( 2013-11), p. 4648-4657
    Details
    In: Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 3, No. 14 ( 2013-11), p. 4648-4657
    Abstract: Understanding population‐level responses to human‐induced changes to habitats can elucidate the evolutionary consequences of rapid habitat alteration. Reservoirs constructed on streams expose stream fishes to novel selective pressures in these habitats. Assessing the drivers of trait divergence facilitated by these habitats will help identify evolutionary and ecological consequences of reservoir habitats. We tested for morphological divergence in a stream fish that occupies both stream and reservoir habitats. To assess contributions of genetic‐level differences and phenotypic plasticity induced by flow variation, we spawned and reared individuals from both habitats types in flow and no flow conditions. Body shape significantly and consistently diverged in reservoir habitats compared with streams; individuals from reservoirs were shallower bodied with smaller heads compared with individuals from streams. Significant population‐level differences in morphology persisted in offspring but morphological variation compared with field‐collected individuals was limited to the head region. Populations demonstrated dissimilar flow‐induced phenotypic plasticity when reared under flow, but phenotypic plasticity in response to flow variation was an unlikely explanation for observed phenotypic divergence in the field. Our results, together with previous investigations, suggest the environmental conditions currently thought to drive morphological change in reservoirs (i.e., predation and flow regimes) may not be the sole drivers of phenotypic change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-7758 , 2045-7758
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2013.3.issue-14
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.842
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2635675-2
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