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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Two-dimensionally conjugated molecules: The importance of low molecular symmetry for large third-order nonlinear optical effects
    AIP Publishing ; 1998
    In:  Applied Physics Letters Vol. 73, No. 17 ( 1998-10-26), p. 2396-2398
    Details
    In: Applied Physics Letters, AIP Publishing, Vol. 73, No. 17 ( 1998-10-26), p. 2396-2398
    Abstract: Low molecular symmetry with regard to the conjugation path of the delocalized electrons was found to be a good guideline towards linearly conjugated molecules with large second-order hyperpolarizabilities γ. We show that this guideline is also valid for two-dimensionally conjugated systems. We experimentally demonstrate this by third-harmonic generation measurements of two-dimensionally conjugated organic molecules, and show that the observed effects can be explained by the symmetry of the electronic wave functions. In addition, the positive impact of the substitution of phenyl rings by thienyl rings on γ is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-6951 , 1077-3118
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1063/1.122445
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: AIP Publishing
    Publication Date: 1998
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A three dimensional gasdynamic model for solar wind flow past nonaxisymmetric magnetospheres: Application to Jupiter and Saturn
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1989
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 94, No. A10 ( 1989), p. 13353-
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 94, No. A10 ( 1989), p. 13353-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/JA094iA10p13353
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1989
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Thermal Structure and Major Ion Composition of the Venus Ionosphere: First RPA Results from Venus Orbiter
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 1979
    In:  Science Vol. 203, No. 4382 ( 1979-02-23), p. 757-763
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 203, No. 4382 ( 1979-02-23), p. 757-763
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.203.4382.757
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Thermal Structure and Energy Influx to the Day-and Nightside Venus Ionosphere
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) ; 1979
    In:  Science Vol. 205, No. 4401 ( 1979-07-06), p. 105-107
    Details
    In: Science, American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), Vol. 205, No. 4401 ( 1979-07-06), p. 105-107
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0036-8075 , 1095-9203
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1126/science.205.4401.105
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1979
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    On the choice of condition to apply at the boundary of the geomagnetic field in the steady-state Chapman Ferraro problem
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1962
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 67, No. 7 ( 1962-07), p. 2983-2985
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 67, No. 7 ( 1962-07), p. 2983-2985
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/JZ067i007p02983
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1962
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Solar wind flow about the terrestrial planets: 2. Comparison with gas dynamic theory and implications for solar‐planetary interactions
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1983
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Vol. 88, No. A1 ( 1983-01), p. 19-35
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 88, No. A1 ( 1983-01), p. 19-35
    Abstract: This study utilizes gas dynamic calculations in conjunction with observational bow shock models to investigate the solar wind flow patterns about the terrestrial planets. Average dayside bow shock position could be predicted for the earth by theory with an error of only ∼2%, given the observed shape and location of the magnetopause. Accordingly, our findings confirm the validity of the single‐fluid gas dynamic approximation for describing this major aspect of solar wind flow past the earth. Modeled using gas dynamic theory, the solar wind interactions with Venus and Mars exhibit very significant differences. At Mars the mean inferred altitude of the solar wind‐obstacle interface varies from 510 km at the stagnation point to almost 1000 km near the terminator. The effective magnetic moment required to produce a magnetosphere of this size for average solar wind dynamic pressures and terrestrial‐type internal current systems is 1.4 ± 0.6×10 22 G cm³. Gas dynamic modeling of the January 21, 1972, Mars 3 and July 20, 1976, Viking 1 lander particles and fields observations supports the conclusion that the Martian obstacle to the solar wind lies at altitudes too high for it to be associated with only an ionospheric or atmospheric interaction. In contrast with Mars, our modeling of the Venus observations has found that the bow wave is closer to the planet than would be expected for a purely ionospheric obstacle. The subsolar width of the Venus ionosheath in the Venera and PVO measurements is only 60% and 90%, respectively, of that predicted by the gas dynamic model. This result is attributed to the presence of solar wind‐neutral atmosphere interactions in the lower ionosheath that are not included in the gas dynamic code.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/JA088iA01p00019
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1983
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analysis of the effect of a ring current on whistlers
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1962
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 67, No. 10 ( 1962-09), p. 3779-3790
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 67, No. 10 ( 1962-09), p. 3779-3790
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/JZ067i010p03779
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1962
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A gas dynamic magnetosheath field model for unsteady interplanetary fields: Application to the solar wind interaction with Venus
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1986
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Vol. 91, No. A3 ( 1986-03), p. 3001-3010
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 91, No. A3 ( 1986-03), p. 3001-3010
    Abstract: The steady state gas dynamic model of magnetosheath magnetic fields previously developed by Spreiter and Stahara (1980) is generalized for the common situation of a temporally varying interplanetary field orientation. Examples for the particular case of Venus in the solar wind illustrate the application of the model to the passage of rotational discontinuities and MHD waves through planetary magnetosheaths. The results of this model illustrate how the field structure near a planetary magnetopause or ionopause can be affected by interplanetary field variations rather than by local processes because of the “pile up” of magnetosheath fields from a sequence of upstream fields. Changes in the spectrum of interplanetary waves on their transmission to the magnetopause are also indicated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/JA091iA03p03001
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1986
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Patterns of potential magnetic field merging sites on the dayside magnetopause
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1984
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Vol. 89, No. A3 ( 1984-03), p. 1739-1742
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 89, No. A3 ( 1984-03), p. 1739-1742
    Abstract: Models of the magnetospheric and magnetosheath magnetic fields are used to determine the relative orientations of these fields at the dayside magnetopause in order to locate potential merging sites. Areas on the magnetopause with different fractional antiparallel components are displayed by contour diagrams for a variety of interplanetary field orientations. For interplanetary fields oriented perpendicular to the solar wind velocity the areas of nearly antiparallel field agree with those obtained by Crooker using simplified representations for the magnetic field geometry. Here, the application of more realistic models gives the locations of areas where any antiparallel component occurs. Potential merging sites for interplanetary fields with radial components are also illustrated. The results suggest that the topology of the magnetosheath and magnetospheric fields provides antiparallel components over a substantial fraction of the magnetopause for most interplanetary field orientations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/JA089iA03p01739
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1984
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Planetary Mach cones: Theory and observation
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1984
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics Vol. 89, No. A5 ( 1984-05), p. 2708-2714
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 89, No. A5 ( 1984-05), p. 2708-2714
    Abstract: This study uses observations by a number of spacecraft to investigate the asymptotic behavior of planetary bow shocks. Toward this end a single standard method has been used to model distant bow shock position and shape. Mach cone angles of 13.9±2°, 11.4±3°, and 8.1±4° at Venus, Earth, and Mars, respectively, were determined from the observational shock models. These cone angles and their decrease with growing distance from the sun are consistent with downstream bow shock position being limited by the MHD fast mode Mach number. Gas dynamic solutions for solar wind flow about Venus, Earth, and Mars were computed up to 50 R OB (i.e., obstacle radii) behind each planet and compared with observed bow shock location. In each case the position of the shock was well predicted up to a certain distance downstream: −4 R OB at Venus, −6 R OB at Earth, and −10 R OB at Mars. Beyond this point the observed shock position lies farther from the aberrated sun‐planet line than the gas dynamic model with the discrepancy greatest at Venus and least at Mars. The better agreement between gas dynamic theory and observation with growing distance from the sun is attributed to an increase in the accuracy of the gas dynamic approximation with decreasing IMF strength.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/JA089iA05p02708
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1984
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    SSG: 16,13
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