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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Virulence Determinants and Methicillin Resistance in Biofilm-Forming Staphylococcus aureus from Various Food Sources in Bangladesh
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Antibiotics Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2022-11-20), p. 1666-
    Details
    In: Antibiotics, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 11 ( 2022-11-20), p. 1666-
    Abstract: The eradication of staphylococcal infections has become more difficult due to the development of antibiotic resistance and virulence in biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus. The presence of the life-threatening zoonotic pathogen, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), in foods indicates a public health issue. This study, therefore, aimed to determine virulence factors and methicillin resistance in biofilm-forming S. aureus isolates from different foods and food handlers. A total of 100 PCR-positive S. aureus isolates (97 biofilm formers and three non-biofilm formers) were screened using the disk diffusion method and PCR assay. By PCR, genes encoding virulence factors, e.g., enterotoxin (sea, 30%, 95% CI: 21.90–39.59%), toxic shock syndrome toxin (tst, 20%, 95% CI: 13.34–28.88%), and Panton–Valentine leukocidin toxin (PVL, 15%, 95% CI: 9.31–23.28%), were detected in the S. aureus isolates. By the disk diffusion method, 100% (95% CI: 96.30–100.00%) of S. aureus isolates were phenotypically MRSA in nature, showing 100% resistance to oxacillin and cefoxitin. Moreover, the methicillin-resistant gene mecA was found in 61 (61%, 95% CI: 51.20–69.98%) MRSA isolates. Furthermore, all the S. aureus isolates were phenotypically resistant to ampicillin and penicillin, 30% to erythromycin, and 11% to gentamycin. Among them, 51% (95% CI: 41.35–60.58%) of S. aureus isolates were phenotypically multidrug-resistant in nature, and the multiple antibiotic resistance index varied from 0.33 to 0.55. Genes encoding resistance to beta-lactams (blaZ, 100%, 95% CI: 96.30–100.00%) and tetracyclines (tetA and tetC, 3%, 95% CI: 0.82–8.45%) were found positive in the S. aureus isolates. Genes encoding virulence determinants and MRSA were significantly (p 〈 0.05) higher in strong biofilm-forming S. aureus than in moderate and non-biofilm-forming isolates. To our knowledge, this is the first study in Bangladesh to incorporate preliminary data on the occurrence of virulence determinants and methicillin resistance, including resistance to clinically important antibiotics, in biofilm-forming S. aureus isolates from different foods and food handlers in Bangladesh, emphasizing a potential threat to human health.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6382
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11111666
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2681345-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Isolation and Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. from Healthy and Diseased Turkeys
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Antibiotics Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2020-11-02), p. 770-
    Details
    In: Antibiotics, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 11 ( 2020-11-02), p. 770-
    Abstract: Diseases caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella spp. can negatively impact turkey farming. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli and Salmonella spp. in healthy and diseased turkeys. A total of 30 fecal samples from healthy turkeys and 25 intestinal samples from diseased turkeys that died of enteritis were collected. Bacterial isolation and identification were based on biochemical properties and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiogram profiles were determined by disk diffusion. The tetracycline-resistance gene tetA was detected by PCR. All samples were positive for E. coli. Only 11 samples (11/30; 36.67%) were positive for Salmonella spp. from healthy turkeys, whereas 16 (16/25; 64%) samples were positive for Salmonella spp. from diseased turkeys. E. coli isolated from diseased turkeys showed higher resistance to levofloxacin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, and tetracycline. Salmonella spp. isolated from healthy turkeys exhibited higher resistance to gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, imipenem, and meropenem. All E. coli and Salmonella spp. from both healthy and diseased turkeys were resistant to erythromycin. Salmonella spp. from both healthy and diseased turkeys were resistant to tetracycline. Multidrug resistance was observed in both E. coli and Salmonella spp. from diseased turkeys. Finally, the tetA gene was detected in 93.1% of the E. coli isolates and in 92.59% of the Salmonella spp. isolates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to isolate and characterize tetA-gene-containing MDR E. coli and Salmonella spp. from healthy and diseased turkeys in Bangladesh. Both microorganisms are of zoonotic significance and represent a significant public health challenge.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6382
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110770
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2681345-2
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  • 3
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    Online Resource
    Zoonotic Significance and Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella in Poultry in Bangladesh for the Period of 2011–2021
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Zoonotic Diseases Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2021-11-30), p. 3-24
    Details
    In: Zoonotic Diseases, MDPI AG, Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2021-11-30), p. 3-24
    Abstract: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Salmonella in poultry poses a serious human health threat as it has zoonotic importance. Poultry is often linked with outbreaks of Salmonella-associated foodborne illness. Since antimicrobials are heavily used in poultry in Bangladesh, multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella is quite frequently found there. MDR Salmonella is challenging to treat with antimicrobials and often causes a severe economic loss in the poultry sector. By horizontal gene transfer and/or evolutionary mutations, antimicrobials primarily exert selection pressure that contributes to antimicrobials resistance. In addition, resistance patterns can vary with variations in time and space. Without having prior knowledge of resistance patterns, no effective drugs could be prescribed. Therefore, it is crucial to have updated knowledge on the status of AMR in Salmonella in Bangladesh for effective treatment and management of the flocks against salmonellosis. There are several review articles on AMR in Salmonella in poultry in Bangladesh; they lack the whole scenario of the country and particularly do not have enough data on the poultry environment. Considering this scenario, in this review, we have focused on AMR in Salmonella in poultry in Bangladesh (2011–2021), with particular emphasis on data from the poultry and farm environments on a divisional zone basis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2813-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/zoonoticdis1010002
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3136519-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Detection of tetracycline resistant E. coli and Salmonella spp. in sewage, river, pond and swimming pool in Mymensingh, Bangladesh
    Academic Journals ; 2019
    In:  African Journal of Microbiology Research Vol. 13, No. 25 ( 2019-07-31), p. 382-387
    Details
    In: African Journal of Microbiology Research, Academic Journals, Vol. 13, No. 25 ( 2019-07-31), p. 382-387
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1996-0808
    Uniform Title: English
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5897/AJMR
    DOI: 10.5897/AJMR2019.9156
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Academic Journals
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2383395-6
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  • 5
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    Online Resource
    Virulence Determinants and Multidrug Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Migratory Birds
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Antibiotics Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2021-02-15), p. 190-
    Details
    In: Antibiotics, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 2 ( 2021-02-15), p. 190-
    Abstract: Migratory birds are carriers of multidrug resistant pathogenic Escherichia coli. However, their roles in the dissemination of these resistant pathogens are still being neglected in Bangladesh. The present study was therefore carried out to detect multidrug resistant E. coli. In addition, these isolates were also screened for the presence of avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC)-associated virulence genes. A total of 66 fecal matter samples of migratory birds were screened. E. coli were isolated and identified by culturing and biochemical tests followed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). APEC-associated virulence genes were detected by PCR. Disk diffusion assays were employed to investigate antibiogram profiles. Bivariate analysis was performed to assess correlations in resistance patterns between antimicrobials and to assess associations between virulence genes of E. coli. Among the 66 samples assessed by PCR, 55 (83.33%) were found positive for E. coli. Of these 55 isolates, the APEC-associated virulence gene fimC was detected in 67.27% of the isolates, which was significantly higher than in the cases of iucD (29.09%) and papC (5.45%) genes. In addition, three isolates were found positive for all three virulence genes, while 23 and 12 isolates were positive for one and two virulence genes respectively. In the bivariate analysis, significant associations were detected between fimC and iucD virulence genes. Using the antibiogram, all E. coli isolates were found to be multidrug resistant (MDR). The isolates exhibited 100% resistance against ampicillin and erythromycin in addition to varying percentages of resistance against streptomycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol. Highly positive correlations between tetracycline and ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline were observed by bivariate analysis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that reports APEC-associated virulence genes of MDR E. coli from migratory birds in Bangladesh. Results indicate that migratory birds are reservoirs of MDR E. coli isolates carrying APEC-associated virulence genes, which can seriously contribute to the development of human and animal diseases.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-6382
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020190
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2681345-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Higher seasonal temperature enhances the occurrence of methicillin resistance of Staphylococcus aureus in house flies (Musca domestica) under hospital and environmental settings
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Folia Microbiologica Vol. 67, No. 1 ( 2022-02), p. 109-119
    Details
    In: Folia Microbiologica, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 67, No. 1 ( 2022-02), p. 109-119
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0015-5632 , 1874-9356
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s12223-021-00922-9
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2209844-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
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    Molecular detection and antibiotyping of multi‐drug resistant Enterococcus faecium from healthy broiler chickens in Bangladesh
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Veterinary Medicine and Science Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2022-01), p. 200-210
    Details
    In: Veterinary Medicine and Science, Wiley, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2022-01), p. 200-210
    Abstract: Enterococcus faecium is a ubiquitously distributed member of the intestinal microbiota of both humans and animals. Antibiotic resistant E. faecium are a major public health concern. Objectives This study aimed to detect multi‐drug resistant (MDR) E. faecium and their antibiotic resistance genes from broiler chickens in Bangladesh. Methods A total of 100 faecal samples of healthy broilers were screened by conventional methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect E. faecium and their resistance genes. Disk diffusion test was employed to determine antibiotic profiles. Results By PCR, among 100 samples, 45% [95% confidence interval (CI): 35.62%–54.76%] were positive for E. faecium . Based on antibiogram, all the E. faecium isolates were found resistant to ampicillin, and frequently (93.33%–55.56%) resistant to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, streptomycin, erythromycin, and imipenem; moderate to lower (26.67%–4.44%) resistance to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and vancomycin. Interestingly, 80% (95% CI: 66.18%–89.10%) E. faecium isolates were MDR in nature. In addition, the indices of multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) ranged from 0.08 to 0.83. By bivariate analysis, high positive significant correlations were observed between resistance profiles of erythromycin and imipenem, ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin, erythromycin and streptomycin, ceftriaxone and cefotaxime, tetracycline and chloramphenicol, and streptomycin and imipenem. Furthermore, the prevalence of resistance genes of E. faecium was 58.33% ( tetA ), 33.33% ( tetB ), 35.56% ( bla TEM ), 60% ( CITM ), 13.33% ( aadA1 ), and 12% ( SHV ). Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Bangladesh to detect MDR and MAR E. faecium and their associated resistance genes. The detection of MDR and MAR E. faecium and their corresponding resistance genes from healthy broilers is of public health concern because of their potential to enter into the food chain.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2053-1095 , 2053-1095
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/vms3.v8.1
    DOI: 10.1002/vms3.669
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2819409-3
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Phenotypic and Genotypic Detection of Biofilm-Forming Staphylococcus aureus from Different Food Sources in Bangladesh
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Biology Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2022-06-22), p. 949-
    Details
    In: Biology, MDPI AG, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2022-06-22), p. 949-
    Abstract: Staphylococcus aureus is a major foodborne pathogen. The ability of S. aureus to produce biofilm is a significant virulence factor, triggering its persistence in hostile environments. In this study, we screened a total of 420 different food samples and human hand swabs to detect S. aureus and to determine their biofilm formation ability. Samples analyzed were meat, milk, eggs, fish, fast foods, and hand swabs. S. aureus were detected by culturing, staining, biochemical, and PCR. Biofilm formation ability was determined by Congo Red Agar (CRA) plate and Crystal Violet Microtiter Plate (CVMP) tests. The icaA, icaB, icaC, icaD, and bap genes involved in the synthesis of biofilm-forming intracellular adhesion compounds were detected by PCR. About 23.81% (100/420; 95% CI: 14.17–29.98%) of the samples harbored S. aureus, as revealed by detection of the nuc gene. The CRA plate test revealed 20% of S. aureus isolates as strong biofilm producers and 69% and 11% as intermediate and non-biofilm producers, respectively. By the CVMP staining method, 20%, 77%, and 3% of the isolates were found to be strong, intermediate, and non-biofilm producers. Furthermore, 21% of S. aureus isolates carried at least one biofilm-forming gene, where icaA, icaB, icaC, icaD, and bap genes were detected in 15%, 20%, 7%, 20%, and 10% of the S. aureus isolates, respectively. Bivariate analysis showed highly significant correlations (p 〈 0.001) between any of the two adhesion genes of S. aureus isolates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Bangladesh describing the detection of biofilm-forming S. aureus from foods and hand swabs using molecular-based evidence. Our findings suggest that food samples should be deemed a potential reservoir of biofilm-forming S. aureus, which indicates a potential public health significance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2079-7737
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/biology11070949
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2661517-4
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Current Pattern in Antimicrobial Susceptibility in Enteric Fever In A Private Medical College
    Bangladesh Academy of Sciences ; 2013
    In:  Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2013-12-25), p. 67-69
    Details
    In: Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science, Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2013-12-25), p. 67-69
    Abstract: Background and objectives: Enteric fever continues to be an important health problem in Bangladesh. Emerging drug resistance adds magnitude to this problem. Only surveillance studies can help form guidelines for therapy under such a situation. The present study was undertaken to determine the current pattern in antimicrobial susceptibility of enteric fever cases in a private medical college and to find out the incidence of multidrug resistant (MDR) cases. Study design: Hospital based observational study. Study setting and period: Medicine units of Ibn Sina Medical College hospital from october11 to august12. Source of materials/participants: Fever cases with clinical diagnosis of enteric fever and positive blood culture, attending the outpatient and admitted at hospital were included in the study. Susceptibility of the isolates to commonly available antibiotics were recorded. Treatment and responses were followed up. Results: 100 adult patients with fever had positive blood cultures were included in the study. Majority of patients were 19 30 yr olds (63%). Susceptibility of the isolates were tested against 14 available antibiotics. Ceftriaxone was sensitive in 99% cases followed by ciprofloxacin (96%), Gentamycin ( 96%) and cefixime (91%). Adeclining trend in sensitivity to Azithromycin ( 61%) was observed. Resurgence of chloramphenicol (81%) and cotrimoxazole (75%) sensitivity was noted. In 98 cases sensitivity to all three (amoxicillin, co-trimoxazole and chloramphenicol) were tested. 13 cases were found resistant to all the three drugs (13/98=13.2%). These MDR cases were sensitive to ceftriaxone (100%), cefixime (100%), azithromycin (100%), gentamycin(94%)and ciprofloxacin (88%). Conclusion: Antibiotic sensitivity pattern showed a trend with onset of emerging resistance to azithromycin (ceftriaxone vs azithromycin z value = 7.63; P value =0.001 (Significant) and azithromycin vs ciprofloxacin Z value = 6.66; P value =0.001 (Significant). Multidrug resistant cases present showed reduced susceptibility to gentamycin. Sensitivity of these drugs must be preserved through constant surveillance and use only under a protocol. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i1.17440 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 13 No. 01 January2014: 67-69
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-0299 , 2223-4721
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3329/bjms.v13i1.17440
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Bangladesh Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2548724-3
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  • 10
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    Zoonotic Diseases: Etiology, Impact, and Control
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Microorganisms Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2020-09-12), p. 1405-
    Details
    In: Microorganisms, MDPI AG, Vol. 8, No. 9 ( 2020-09-12), p. 1405-
    Abstract: Most humans are in contact with animals in a way or another. A zoonotic disease is a disease or infection that can be transmitted naturally from vertebrate animals to humans or from humans to vertebrate animals. More than 60% of human pathogens are zoonotic in origin. This includes a wide variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, parasites, and other pathogens. Factors such as climate change, urbanization, animal migration and trade, travel and tourism, vector biology, anthropogenic factors, and natural factors have greatly influenced the emergence, re-emergence, distribution, and patterns of zoonoses. As time goes on, there are more emerging and re-emerging zoonotic diseases. In this review, we reviewed the etiology of major zoonotic diseases, their impact on human health, and control measures for better management. We also highlighted COVID-19, a newly emerging zoonotic disease of likely bat origin that has affected millions of humans along with devastating global consequences. The implementation of One Health measures is highly recommended for the effective prevention and control of possible zoonosis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-2607
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091405
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2720891-6
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