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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Complementary ecosystem services from multiple land uses highlight the importance of tropical mosaic landscapes
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  Ambio Vol. 52, No. 10 ( 2023-10), p. 1558-1574
    Details
    In: Ambio, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 52, No. 10 ( 2023-10), p. 1558-1574
    Abstract: Tropical agricultural landscapes often consist of a mosaic of different land uses, yet little is known about the spectrum of ecosystem service bundles and materials they provide to rural households. We interviewed 320 households on the different benefits received from prevalent land-use types in north-eastern Madagascar (old-growth forests, forest fragments, vanilla agroforests, woody fallows, herbaceous fallows, and rice paddies) in terms of ecosystem services and plant uses. Old-growth forests and forest fragments were reported as important for regulating services (e.g. water regulation), whilst fallow lands and vanilla agroforests as important for provisioning services (food, medicine, fodder). Households reported the usage of 285 plant species (56% non-endemics) and collected plants from woody fallows for varying purposes, whilst plants from forest fragments, predominantly endemics, were used for construction and weaving. Multiple land-use types are thus complementary for providing ecosystem services, with fallow lands being particularly important. Hence, balancing societal needs and conservation goals should be based on diversified and comprehensive land management.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0044-7447 , 1654-7209
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01888-3
    RVK:
    AR 10100
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Win-win opportunities combining high yields with high multi-taxa biodiversity in tropical agroforestry
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Nature Communications Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-07-26)
    Details
    In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-07-26)
    Abstract: Resolving ecological-economic trade-offs between biodiversity and yields is a key challenge when addressing the biodiversity crisis in tropical agricultural landscapes. Here, we focused on the relation between seven different taxa (trees, herbaceous plants, birds, amphibians, reptiles, butterflies, and ants) and yields in vanilla agroforests in Madagascar. Agroforests established in forests supported overall 23% fewer species and 47% fewer endemic species than old-growth forests, and 14% fewer endemic species than forest fragments. In contrast, agroforests established on fallows had overall 12% more species and 38% more endemic species than fallows. While yields increased with vanilla vine density and length, non-yield related variables largely determined biodiversity. Nonetheless, trade-offs existed between yields and butterflies as well as  reptiles. Vanilla yields were generally unrelated to richness of trees, herbaceous plants, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and ants, opening up possibilities for conservation outside of protected areas and restoring degraded land to benefit farmers and biodiversity alike.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-1723
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30866-8
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2553671-0
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Aboveground carbon stocks in Madagascar’s vanilla production landscape – exploring rehabilitation through agroforestry in the light of land-use history
    Elsevier BV ; 2021
    In:  Global Ecology and Conservation Vol. 31 ( 2021-11), p. e01853-
    Details
    In: Global Ecology and Conservation, Elsevier BV, Vol. 31 ( 2021-11), p. e01853-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2351-9894
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01853
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2814786-8
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Land‐use history determines stand structure and tree diversity in vanilla agroforests of northeastern Madagascar
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Applied Vegetation Science Vol. 24, No. 1 ( 2021-01)
    Details
    In: Applied Vegetation Science, Wiley, Vol. 24, No. 1 ( 2021-01)
    Abstract: In human‐modified tropical landscapes, agroforestry is considered a promising land use to reconcile biodiversity conservation with production goals. The role of agroforests regarding conservation may be strongly influenced by land‐use history; however, few studies have explicitly investigated this. We therefore tested the importance of land‐use history for habitat structure and tree diversity in vanilla agroforests situated in a human‐modified tropical landscape. Location Smallholder mosaic landscape of northeastern Madagascar. Methods We studied tree stand structure, diversity and composition in vanilla agroforests of contrasting land‐use history, old‐growth forests, forest fragments and woody fallows after slash‐and‐burn agriculture, which all contribute to the smallholder mosaic landscape of northeastern Madagascar. The vanilla agroforests were either derived directly from forest or otherwise from woody fallows after slash‐and‐burn agriculture. Results Land‐use history strongly influenced tree species diversity and composition in vanilla agroforests and also affected stand structure. Forest‐derived agroforests maintained high levels of tree species diversity and differed in community composition from fallow‐derived agroforests, which had relatively low levels of tree diversity. Additionally, forest‐derived vanilla agroforests harboured a significantly higher percentage of endemic species than fallow‐derived agroforests, and forest‐derived agroforests also shared many species with old‐growth forests and forest fragments. Fallow‐derived vanilla agroforests harboured a lower percentage of endemic species than woody fallows. Conclusion Considering the land‐use history of agroforests is important to unfold their full potential as elements in a multifunctional human‐modified landscape. Forest‐derived agroforests are an alternative to forest conversion through slash‐and‐burn agriculture and have the potential to sustain high levels of species diversity and important habitat structures. In contrast, fallow‐derived agroforests regain stand structure on degraded historically forested land and thereby have the potential to increase canopy cover and connectivity at the landscape scale.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1402-2001 , 1654-109X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/avsc.v24.1
    DOI: 10.1111/avsc.12563
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2053083-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1445659-X
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    SSG: 23
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Land‐use intensification increases richness of native and exotic herbaceous plants, but not endemics, in Malagasy vanilla landscapes
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Diversity and Distributions Vol. 27, No. 5 ( 2021-05), p. 784-798
    Details
    In: Diversity and Distributions, Wiley, Vol. 27, No. 5 ( 2021-05), p. 784-798
    Abstract: North‐eastern Madagascar is a hotspot of plant diversity, but vanilla and rice farming are driving land‐use change, including slash‐and‐burn management. It still remains unknown how land‐use change and land‐use history affect richness and composition of endemic, native and exotic herbaceous plant species. Location North‐eastern Madagascar. Methods We assessed herbaceous plants along a land‐use intensification gradient ranging from unburned land‐use types (i.e. old‐growth forest, forest fragment and forest‐derived vanilla agroforest) to burned land‐use types (i.e. fallow‐derived vanilla agroforest, woody fallow and herbaceous fallow) and rice paddy. We compared land‐use types and analysed the effects of land‐use history, canopy closure and landscape forest cover on species richness. Additionally, we analysed species compositional changes across land‐use types. Results Across 80 plots, we found 355 plant species (180 native non‐endemics, 57 exotics, 60 endemics and 58 species of unknown origin). Native and exotic species richness increased with increasing land‐use intensity, whereas endemics decreased. Unburned land‐use types had higher endemic species richness (4.28 ± 0.37 [mean ±  SE ]) than burned ones (2.4 ± 0.21). Exotic and native species richness, but not endemics, decreased with increasing canopy closure. Increasing landscape forest cover reduced exotic, but not native or endemic richness. Species composition of old‐growth forests was unique compared to all other land uses and forest‐derived, not fallow‐derived vanilla agroforests, had a similar endemic species composition to forest fragments. Main conclusions Our results indicate that old‐growth forests and forest fragments are indispensable for maintaining endemic herbaceous plants. We further show that the land‐use history of agroforests should be considered in conservation policy. In forest‐derived vanilla agroforests, management incentives are needed to halt loss of canopy closure, thereby maintaining or even enhancing endemics. In conclusion, considering species origin (endemic, native and exotic) and composition is essential for the identification of suitable management practices to avoid irreversible species loss.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1366-9516 , 1472-4642
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/ddi.v27.5
    DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13226
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020139-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1443181-6
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Land‐use intensity and relatedness to native plants promote exotic plant invasion in a tropical biodiversity hotspot
    Wiley ; 2024
    In:  Journal of Applied Ecology Vol. 61, No. 6 ( 2024-06), p. 1396-1410
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 61, No. 6 ( 2024-06), p. 1396-1410
    Abstract: Exotic plant invasions threaten biodiversity and are costly to farmers. Land use is a major pathway promoting the spread of exotic plant species; however, little is known about the processes underlying the success of exotic plants in tropical agricultural landscapes. Focussing on the heterogeneous smallholder landscapes of north‐eastern Madagascar, we studied exotic plants of understorey communities across a land‐use intensity gradient from unburned lands (old‐growth forests, forest fragments and forest‐derived vanilla agroforests) to burned ones (fallow‐derived vanilla agroforests, woody fallows and herbaceous fallows). We quantified the absolute species richness, abundance and cover of exotic plants across land‐use types and their proportional contribution to community richness, abundance and cover as indicators of exotic plant invasion. We tested for the effects of land‐use parameters, namely land‐use history, canopy closure and landscape‐level forest cover, on exotic plants. Additionally, we tested whether the phylogenetic relatedness between exotic and native species in the same plot affected invasion success, testing Darwin's naturalisation and pre‐adaptation hypotheses. All indicators of exotic plant invasion were lowest in old‐growth forests and forest fragments and highest in fallow‐derived vanilla agroforests, woody fallows and herbaceous fallows. Absolute and proportional exotic richness were negatively affected by canopy closure, and landscapes with high forest cover had lower proportions of exotic plant richness. High phylogenetic relatedness between exotics and natives was associated with lower proportional richness but higher proportions of exotics in abundance and cover. However, individual exotic species showed contrasting responses to land‐use parameters and relatedness to natives. Synthesis and applications : Our results indicate that maintaining unburned lands, land‐use types with dense canopies and landscapes with high forest cover prevents the spread of exotic plants within the agricultural landscapes of north‐eastern Madagascar. Supporting Darwin's pre‐adaptation hypothesis, exotic plants that are phylogenetically closely related to native plants are more likely to become successful invaders in terms of abundance and cover. Nevertheless, individual species show different responses to land‐use changes and phylogenetic relatedness. Therefore, land‐use decisions and management choices can be tailored to limit the spread of exotic species and to preserve native plants in this global biodiversity hotspot.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8901 , 1365-2664
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jpe.v61.6
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.14657
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2024
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410405-5
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Tropical land use drives endemic versus exotic ant communities in a global biodiversity hotspot
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Biodiversity and Conservation Vol. 30, No. 14 ( 2021-12), p. 4417-4434
    Details
    In: Biodiversity and Conservation, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 30, No. 14 ( 2021-12), p. 4417-4434
    Abstract: Understanding how land-use change affects biodiversity is a fundamental step to develop effective conservation strategies in human-modified tropical landscapes. Here, we analyzed how land-use change through tropical small-scale agriculture affects endemic, exotic, and non-endemic native ant communities, focusing on vanilla landscapes in north-eastern Madagascar, a global biodiversity hotspot. First, we compared ant species richness and species composition across seven land-use types: old-growth forest, forest fragment, forest-derived vanilla agroforest, fallow-derived vanilla agroforest, woody fallow, herbaceous fallow, and rice paddy. Second, we assessed how environmental factors drive ant species richness in the agricultural matrix to identify management options that promote endemic and non-endemic native while controlling exotic ant species. We found that old-growth forest, forest fragment, and forest-derived vanilla agroforest supported the highest endemic ant species richness. Exotic ant species richness, by contrast, was lowest in old-growth forest but highest in herbaceous fallows, woody fallows, and rice paddy. Rice paddy had the lowest non-endemic native ant species richness. Ant species composition differed among land-use types, highlighting the uniqueness of old-growth forest in harboring endemic ant species which are more sensitive to disturbance. In the agricultural matrix, higher canopy closure and landscape forest cover were associated with an increase of endemic ant species richness but a decrease of exotic ant species richness. We conclude that preserving remnant forest fragments and promoting vanilla agroforests with a greater canopy closure in the agricultural matrix are important management strategies to complement the role of old-growth forests for endemic ant conservation in north-eastern Madagascar.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0960-3115 , 1572-9710
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10531-021-02314-4
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2000787-5
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Decreasing predation rates and shifting predator compositions along a land‐use gradient in Madagascar's vanilla landscapes
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Applied Ecology Vol. 58, No. 2 ( 2021-02), p. 360-371
    Details
    In: Journal of Applied Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 58, No. 2 ( 2021-02), p. 360-371
    Abstract: Le changement d'utilisation des terres est le principal facteur de déforestation et de dégradation des terres, qui entraîne une perte de biodiversité et de fonctionnement des écosystèmes dans le nord‐est de Madagascar. La vanille, principale culture de rente de la région, est cultivée dans des systèmes agroforestiers et peut fournir une opportunité pour la conservation de la biodiversité et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes. Nous avons utilisé des chenilles artificielles pour évaluer les taux de prédation et les communautés de prédateurs le long d'un gradient d'utilisation des terres comprenant des vieilles forêts et des fragments de forêt non brûlés, des jachères herbacées et ligneuses issues des cultures sur‐brûlis, ainsi que des rizières. Les systèmes agroforestiers de vanille étudiés étaient soit dérivés de la forêt, soit de la jachère. En plus du type d'utilisation des terres, nous avons pris en compte les effets de l'histoire de l'utilisation des terres (non brûlées/brûlées), les paramètres au niveau des sites d’études et la composition du paysage pour tirer des recommandations de gestion. Les vieilles forêts et les fragments de forêts ont présenté les taux de prédation les plus élevés, qui ont diminué avec l'intensité de l'utilisation des terres. Dans l'ensemble, la prédation a été plus élevée dans les types d'utilisation des terres non brûlées que dans les habitats plus ouverts, précédemment brûlés, et les rizières. Les densités élevées de tiges et de végétation ont été positivement liées aux taux de prédation, mais ont diminué avec l'intensité de l'utilisation des terres. Une couverture forestière élevée dans le paysage environnant a entraîné des taux de prédation plus élevés, alors que les paramètres structurels au niveau local ont été encore plus importants. La communauté de prédateurs a été dominée par les arthropodes dans toutes les types d'utilisation des terres avec les fourmis occupant de 33 à 69% de tous les événements de prédation. La composition totale des prédateurs dans les vieilles forêts et les fragments de forêts a été différente de celle des autres types d'utilisation des terres. La prédation par les Gryllacrididae (Orthoptera) a été plus faible dans tous les types d'utilisation des terres, y compris le système agroforestier de vanille d'origine forestière, que dans les vieilles forêts et les fragments de forêts, où ils ont contribué considérablement à la prédation totale. La prédation par les vertébrés était faible partout. Synthèse et applications . Les habitats forestiers présentent des taux de prédation plus élevés et des compositions de prédateurs différentes de celles des autres systèmes d'utilisation des terres. Le maintien ou la restauration d'une agroforesterie de vanille riche en arbres et en sous‐bois constitue un moyen durable dans les plans de conservation des paysages car cela apporte le potentiel de contribuer à la conservation de la prédation en tant que fonction importante de l'écosystème dans les systèmes agroforestiers dérivées des forêts et des jachères. Cependant, l'agroforesterie de la vanille a une valeur limitée pour la conservation des communautés des prédateurs spécialistes des forêts. Bien que l'établissement des systèmes agroforestiers riches en arbres dans les vieilles jachères soit favorable pour la conservation du fonctionnement des écosystèmes, la transformation ultérieure de forêt devrait être évitée.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0021-8901 , 1365-2664
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jpe.v58.2
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.13766
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020408-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410405-5
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Land-use trajectories for sustainable land system transformations: Identifying leverage points in a global biodiversity hotspot
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2022
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 119, No. 7 ( 2022-02-15)
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 119, No. 7 ( 2022-02-15)
    Abstract: Sustainable land-system transformations are necessary to avert biodiversity and climate collapse. However, it remains unclear where entry points for transformations exist in complex land systems. Here, we conceptualize land systems along land-use trajectories, which allows us to identify and evaluate leverage points, i.e., entry points on the trajectory where targeted interventions have particular leverage to influence land-use decisions. We apply this framework in the biodiversity hotspot Madagascar. In the northeast, smallholder agriculture results in a land-use trajectory originating in old-growth forests and spanning from forest fragments to shifting hill rice cultivation and vanilla agroforests. Integrating interdisciplinary empirical data on seven taxa, five ecosystem services, and three measures of agricultural productivity, we assess trade-offs and cobenefits of land-use decisions at three leverage points along the trajectory. These trade-offs and cobenefits differ between leverage points: Two leverage points are situated at the conversion of old-growth forests and forest fragments to shifting cultivation and agroforestry, resulting in considerable trade-offs, especially between endemic biodiversity and agricultural productivity. Here, interventions enabling smallholders to conserve forests are necessary. This is urgent since ongoing forest loss threatens to eliminate these leverage points due to path dependency. The third leverage point allows for the restoration of land under shifting cultivation through vanilla agroforests and offers cobenefits between restoration goals and agricultural productivity. The co-occurring leverage points highlight that conservation and restoration are simultaneously necessary to avert collapse of multifunctional mosaic landscapes. Methodologically, the framework highlights the importance of considering path dependency along trajectories to achieve sustainable land-system transformations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2107747119
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
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