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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Classroom sound can be used to classify teaching practices in college science courses
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2017
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 114, No. 12 ( 2017-03-21), p. 3085-3090
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 114, No. 12 ( 2017-03-21), p. 3085-3090
    Abstract: Active-learning pedagogies have been repeatedly demonstrated to produce superior learning gains with large effect sizes compared with lecture-based pedagogies. Shifting large numbers of college science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) faculty to include any active learning in their teaching may retain and more effectively educate far more students than having a few faculty completely transform their teaching, but the extent to which STEM faculty are changing their teaching methods is unclear. Here, we describe the development and application of the machine-learning–derived algorithm Decibel Analysis for Research in Teaching (DART), which can analyze thousands of hours of STEM course audio recordings quickly, with minimal costs, and without need for human observers. DART analyzes the volume and variance of classroom recordings to predict the quantity of time spent on single voice (e.g., lecture), multiple voice (e.g., pair discussion), and no voice (e.g., clicker question thinking) activities. Applying DART to 1,486 recordings of class sessions from 67 courses, a total of 1,720 h of audio, revealed varied patterns of lecture (single voice) and nonlecture activity (multiple and no voice) use. We also found that there was significantly more use of multiple and no voice strategies in courses for STEM majors compared with courses for non-STEM majors, indicating that DART can be used to compare teaching strategies in different types of courses. Therefore, DART has the potential to systematically inventory the presence of active learning with ∼90% accuracy across thousands of courses in diverse settings with minimal effort.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1618693114
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interhemispheric Functional Connectivity following Prenatal or Perinatal Brain Injury Predicts Receptive Language Outcome
    Society for Neuroscience ; 2013
    In:  The Journal of Neuroscience Vol. 33, No. 13 ( 2013-03-27), p. 5612-5625
    Details
    In: The Journal of Neuroscience, Society for Neuroscience, Vol. 33, No. 13 ( 2013-03-27), p. 5612-5625
    Abstract: Early brain injury alters both structural and functional connectivity between the cerebral hemispheres. Despite increasing knowledge on the individual hemispheric contributions to recovery from such injury, we know very little about how their interactions affect this process. In the present study, we related interhemispheric structural and functional connectivity to receptive language outcome following early left hemisphere stroke. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study 14 people with neonatal brain injury, and 25 age-matched controls during passive story comprehension. With respect to structural connectivity, we found that increased volume of the corpus callosum predicted good receptive language outcome, but that this is not specific to people with injury. In contrast, we found that increased posterior superior temporal gyrus interhemispheric functional connectivity during story comprehension predicted better receptive language performance in people with early brain injury, but worse performance in typical controls. This suggests that interhemispheric functional connectivity is one potential compensatory mechanism following early injury. Further, this pattern of results suggests refinement of the prevailing notion that better language outcome following early left hemisphere injury relies on the contribution of the contralesional hemisphere (i.e., the “right-hemisphere-take-over” theory). This pattern of results was also regionally specific; connectivity of the angular gyrus predicted poorer performance in both groups, independent of brain injury. These results present a complex picture of recovery, and in some cases, such recovery relies on increased cooperation between the injured hemisphere and homologous regions in the contralesional hemisphere, but in other cases, the opposite appears to hold.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0270-6474 , 1529-2401
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2851-12.2013
    Language: English
    Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475274-8
    SSG: 12
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    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Utility of EEG measures of brain function in patients with acute stroke
    American Physiological Society ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 115, No. 5 ( 2016-05-01), p. 2399-2405
    Details
    In: Journal of Neurophysiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 115, No. 5 ( 2016-05-01), p. 2399-2405
    Abstract: EEG has been used to study acute stroke for decades; however, because of several limitations EEG-based measures rarely inform clinical decision-making in this setting. Recent advances in EEG hardware, recording electrodes, and EEG software could overcome these limitations. The present study examined how well dense-array (256 electrodes) EEG, acquired with a saline-lead net and analyzed with whole brain partial least squares (PLS) modeling, captured extent of acute stroke behavioral deficits and varied in relation to acute brain injury. In 24 patients admitted for acute ischemic stroke, 3 min of resting-state EEG was acquired at bedside, including in the ER and ICU. Traditional quantitative EEG measures (power in a specific lead, in any frequency band) showed a modest association with behavioral deficits [NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score] in bivariate models. However, PLS models of delta or beta power across whole brain correlated strongly with NIHSS score ( R 2 = 0.85–0.90) and remained robust when further analyzed with cross-validation models ( R 2 = 0.72–0.73). Larger infarct volume was associated with higher delta power, bilaterally; the contralesional findings were not attributable to mass effect, indicating that EEG captures significant information about acute stroke effects not available from MRI. We conclude that 1) dense-array EEG data are feasible as a bedside measure of brain function in patients with acute stroke; 2) high-dimension EEG data are strongly correlated with acute stroke behavioral deficits and are superior to traditional single-lead metrics in this regard; and 3) EEG captures significant information about acute stroke injury not available from structural brain imaging.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3077 , 1522-1598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/jn.00978.2015
    RVK:
    XA 10000 ; XA 552555
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 80161-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467889-5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Co-speech gestures influence neural activity in brain regions associated with processing semantic information
    Wiley ; 2009
    In:  Human Brain Mapping Vol. 30, No. 11 ( 2009-11), p. 3509-3526
    Details
    In: Human Brain Mapping, Wiley, Vol. 30, No. 11 ( 2009-11), p. 3509-3526
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1065-9471 , 1097-0193
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.v30:11
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.20774
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1492703-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Frontal and temporal contributions to understanding the iconic co‐speech gestures that accompany speech
    Wiley ; 2014
    In:  Human Brain Mapping Vol. 35, No. 3 ( 2014-03), p. 900-917
    Details
    In: Human Brain Mapping, Wiley, Vol. 35, No. 3 ( 2014-03), p. 900-917
    Abstract: In everyday conversation, listeners often rely on a speaker's gestures to clarify any ambiguities in the verbal message. Using fMRI during naturalistic story comprehension, we examined which brain regions in the listener are sensitive to speakers' iconic gestures. We focused on iconic gestures that contribute information not found in the speaker's talk, compared with those that convey information redundant with the speaker's talk. We found that three regions—left inferior frontal gyrus triangular (IFGTr) and opercular (IFGOp) portions, and left posterior middle temporal gyrus (MTGp)—responded more strongly when gestures added information to nonspecific language, compared with when they conveyed the same information in more specific language; in other words, when gesture disambiguated speech as opposed to reinforced it. An increased BOLD response was not found in these regions when the nonspecific language was produced without gesture, suggesting that IFGTr, IFGOp, and MTGp are involved in integrating semantic information across gesture and speech. In addition, we found that activity in the posterior superior temporal sulcus (STSp), previously thought to be involved in gesture‐speech integration, was not sensitive to the gesture‐speech relation. Together, these findings clarify the neurobiology of gesture‐speech integration and contribute to an emerging picture of how listeners glean meaning from gestures that accompany speech. Hum Brain Mapp 35:900–917, 2014. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1065-9471 , 1097-0193
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.v35.3
    DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22222
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1492703-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Neural development of networks for audiovisual speech comprehension
    Elsevier BV ; 2010
    In:  Brain and Language Vol. 114, No. 2 ( 2010-8), p. 101-114
    Details
    In: Brain and Language, Elsevier BV, Vol. 114, No. 2 ( 2010-8), p. 101-114
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0093-934X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2009.08.005
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1462477-1
    SSG: 5,2
    SSG: 7,11
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    Online Resource
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Network Model of Observation and Imitation of Speech
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2012
    In:  Frontiers in Psychology Vol. 3 ( 2012)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Psychology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 3 ( 2012)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-1078
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00084
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2563826-9
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Aberrant Maturation of the Uncinate Fasciculus Follows Exposure to Unpredictable Patterns of Maternal Signals
    Society for Neuroscience ; 2021
    In:  The Journal of Neuroscience Vol. 41, No. 6 ( 2021-02-10), p. 1242-1250
    Details
    In: The Journal of Neuroscience, Society for Neuroscience, Vol. 41, No. 6 ( 2021-02-10), p. 1242-1250
    Abstract: Across species, unpredictable patterns of maternal behavior are emerging as novel predictors of aberrant cognitive and emotional outcomes later in life. In animal models, exposure to unpredictable patterns of maternal behavior alters brain circuit maturation and cognitive and emotional outcomes. However, whether exposure to such signals in humans alters the development of brain pathways is unknown. In mother–child dyads, we tested the hypothesis that exposure to more unpredictable maternal signals in infancy is associated with aberrant maturation of corticolimbic pathways. We focused on the uncinate fasciculus, the primary fiber bundle connecting the amygdala to the orbitofrontal cortex and a key component of the medial temporal lobe–prefrontal cortex circuit. Infant exposure to unpredictable maternal sensory signals was assessed at 6 and 12 months. Using high angular resolution diffusion imaging, we quantified the integrity of the uncinate fasciculus using generalized fractional anisotropy (GFA). Higher maternal unpredictability during infancy presaged greater uncinate fasciculus GFA in children 9–11 years of age ( n = 69, 29 female). In contrast to the uncinate, GFA of a second corticolimbic projection, the hippocampal cingulum, was not associated with maternal unpredictability. Addressing the overall functional significance of the uncinate and cingulum relationships, we found that the resulting imbalance of medial temporal lobe–prefrontal cortex connectivity partially mediated the association between unpredictable maternal sensory signals and impaired episodic memory function. These results suggest that unbalanced maturation of corticolimbic circuits is a mechanism by which early unpredictable sensory signals may impact cognition later in life. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our prior work across species demonstrated that unpredictable patterns of maternal care are associated with compromised memory function. However, the neurobiological mechanisms by which this occurs in humans remain unknown. Here, we identify an association of exposure to unpredictable patterns of maternal sensory signals with the integrity of corticolimbic circuits involved in emotion and cognition using state-of-the-art diffusion imaging techniques and analyses. We find that exposure to early unpredictability is associated with higher integrity of the uncinate fasciculus with no effect on a second corticolimbic pathway, the cingulum. The resulting imbalance of corticolimbic circuit development is a novel mediator of the association between unpredictable patterns of maternal care and poorer episodic memory.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0270-6474 , 1529-2401
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0374-20.2020
    Language: English
    Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475274-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Left hemisphere regions are critical for language in the face of early left focal brain injury
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2010
    In:  Brain Vol. 133, No. 6 ( 2010-6), p. 1707-1716
    Details
    In: Brain, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 133, No. 6 ( 2010-6), p. 1707-1716
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1460-2156 , 0006-8950
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/brain/awq104
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1474117-9
    SSG: 12
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    Online Resource
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Gesture in the developing brain : Brain development of gesture
    Wiley ; 2012
    In:  Developmental Science Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2012-03), p. 165-180
    Details
    In: Developmental Science, Wiley, Vol. 15, No. 2 ( 2012-03), p. 165-180
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1363-755X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/desc.2012.15.issue-2
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01100.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2023952-X
    SSG: 5,2
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