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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Deep learning for sleep analysis on children with sleep-disordered breathing: Automatic detection of mouth breathing events
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Sleep Vol. 2 ( 2023-2-17)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Sleep, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 2 ( 2023-2-17)
    Abstract: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) can range from habitual snoring to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). A common characteristic of SDB in children is mouth breathing, yet it is commonly overlooked and inconsistently diagnosed. The primary aim of this study is to construct a deep learning algorithm in order to automatically detect mouth breathing events in children from polysomnography (PSG) recordings. Methods The PSG of 20 subjects aged 10–13 years were used, 15 of which had reported snoring or presented high snoring and/or high OSA values by scoring conducted by a sleep technologist, including mouth breathing events. The separately measured mouth and nasal pressure signals from the PSG were fed through convolutional neural networks to identify mouth breathing events. Results The finalized model presented 93.5% accuracy, 97.8% precision, 89% true positive rate, and 2% false positive rate when applied to the validation data that was set aside from the training data. The model's performance decreased when applied to a second validation data set, indicating a need for a larger training set. Conclusion The results show the potential of deep neural networks in the analysis and classification of biological signals, and illustrates the usefulness of machine learning in sleep analysis.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2813-2890
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/frsle.2023.1082996
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3148288-0
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    ‘We experienced lack of understanding in the healthcare system’. Experiences of childhood sexual abuse survivors of the childbearing process, health and motherhood
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences Vol. 36, No. 3 ( 2022-09), p. 673-685
    Details
    In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, Wiley, Vol. 36, No. 3 ( 2022-09), p. 673-685
    Abstract: Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) has widespread and long‐lasting impact on women's lives and health. Increased knowledge and deeper understanding are needed of survivors’ experiences of the childbearing process, health and motherhood. Methods In this phenomenological study, 16 in‐depth interviews were conducted with nine female CSA survivors. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. Results The overarching theme of the study is: ‘more understanding is needed’, which refers to the participants’ experience that greater understanding is needed from health professionals of the long‐term effects of CSA on childbearing women. Most of the women had suffered from poor health, especially chronic pain associated with fibromyalgia and gynaecological diseases. All of them had suffered mental health consequences particularly anxiety, depression and PTSD. The majority had experienced flashbacks to the violence and disassociation. Many had experienced miscarriages, had deviations from normal pregnancies and births, such as prolonged labour, caesarean sections, induction of labour, vacuum extraction, bleeding and exaggerated pregnancy problems, such as great nausea and pelvic pain. All but one had a negative experience in one of their births. All of them had experienced a lack of understanding in the healthcare system, perceived abuse of power and felt vulnerable in those situations. All of them had a strong need for a sense of control and participation in decision‐making in the childbearing process. Most of them had experienced problems in bonding with their children and some have had difficulties touching them. All of them were in dire need of protecting their children from potential violence and many expressed a tendency to overprotect them. Conclusions Healthcare professionals need to have more knowledge and greater understanding of how healthcare services can be improved so that CSA survivors can have a better experience of the childbearing process.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0283-9318 , 1471-6712
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/scs.v36.3
    DOI: 10.1111/scs.13024
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2031090-0
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multicentre sleep‐stage scoring agreement in the Sleep Revolution project
    Wiley ; 2023
    In:  Journal of Sleep Research
    Details
    In: Journal of Sleep Research, Wiley
    Abstract: Determining sleep stages accurately is an important part of the diagnostic process for numerous sleep disorders. However, as the sleep stage scoring is done manually following visual scoring rules there can be considerable variation in the sleep staging between different scorers. Thus, this study aimed to comprehensively evaluate the inter‐rater agreement in sleep staging. A total of 50 polysomnography recordings were manually scored by 10 independent scorers from seven different sleep centres. We used the 10 scorings to calculate a majority score by taking the sleep stage that was the most scored stage for each epoch. The overall agreement for sleep staging was κ  = 0.71 and the mean agreement with the majority score was 0.86. The scorers were in perfect agreement in 48% of all scored epochs. The agreement was highest in rapid eye movement sleep ( κ  = 0.86) and lowest in N1 sleep ( κ  = 0.41). The agreement with the majority scoring varied between the scorers from 81% to 91%, with large variations between the scorers in sleep stage‐specific agreements. Scorers from the same sleep centres had the highest pairwise agreements at κ  = 0.79, κ  = 0.85, and κ  = 0.78, while the lowest pairwise agreement between the scorers was κ  = 0.58. We also found a moderate negative correlation between sleep staging agreement and the apnea–hypopnea index, as well as the rate of sleep stage transitions. In conclusion, although the overall agreement was high, several areas of low agreement were also found, mainly between non‐rapid eye movement stages.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-1105 , 1365-2869
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13956
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2007459-1
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Educational leadership regarding municipal school support services in Iceland
    SAGE Publications ; 2022
    In:  Educational Management Administration & Leadership
    Details
    In: Educational Management Administration & Leadership, SAGE Publications
    Abstract: The purpose of this research is to shed light on the educational leadership practices regarding school support services at the municipal level in Iceland from the point of view of actors from both municipal and school levels. Furthermore to explain how those views are shaped by the structural arrangements and human resources of the services, population density and geographical location. Leaders of municipal educational support services, preschool principals and compulsory school principals responded to a questionnaire about practices regarding school support services. A framework of desirable leadership practices was used as an analytical tool to measure this leadership. The findings revealed that leadership practices regarding school support services match poorly with the leadership framework. Human resources are important elements of the leadership practices regarding the school support services, but the services’ structural arrangements, municipal population density and geographical location are less so. It is suggested that it is necessary to focus on improvements in leadership practices in general, regarding the school support services. For that purpose, more engagement is needed in the development of professional capacity, and a focus on creating a shared understanding between the services and school principals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1741-1432 , 1741-1440
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/17411432221076251
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2138997-4
    SSG: 5,3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Deep learning-based algorithm accurately classifies sleep stages in preadolescent children with sleep-disordered breathing symptoms and age-matched controls
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2023
    In:  Frontiers in Neurology Vol. 14 ( 2023-4-14)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Neurology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 14 ( 2023-4-14)
    Abstract: Visual sleep scoring has several shortcomings, including inter-scorer inconsistency, which may adversely affect diagnostic decision-making. Although automatic sleep staging in adults has been extensively studied, it is uncertain whether such sophisticated algorithms generalize well to different pediatric age groups due to distinctive EEG characteristics. The preadolescent age group (10–13-year-olds) is relatively understudied, and thus, we aimed to develop an automatic deep learning-based sleep stage classifier specifically targeting this cohort. Methods A dataset ( n  = 115) containing polysomnographic recordings of Icelandic preadolescent children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) symptoms, and age and sex-matched controls was utilized. We developed a combined convolutional and long short-term memory neural network architecture relying on electroencephalography (F4-M1), electrooculography (E1-M2), and chin electromyography signals. Performance relative to human scoring was further evaluated by analyzing intra- and inter-rater agreements in a subset ( n  = 10) of data with repeat scoring from two manual scorers. Results The deep learning-based model achieved an overall cross-validated accuracy of 84.1% (Cohen’s kappa κ = 0.78). There was no meaningful performance difference between SDB-symptomatic ( n  = 53) and control subgroups ( n  = 52) [83.9% (κ = 0.78) vs. 84.2% (κ = 0.78)]. The inter-rater reliability between manual scorers was 84.6% (κ = 0.78), and the automatic method reached similar agreements with scorers, 83.4% (κ = 0.76) and 82.7% (κ = 0.75). Conclusion The developed algorithm achieved high classification accuracy and substantial agreements with two manual scorers; the performance metrics compared favorably with typical inter-rater reliability between manual scorers and performance reported in previous studies. These suggest that our algorithm may facilitate less labor-intensive and reliable automatic sleep scoring in preadolescent children.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1664-2295
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1162998
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2564214-5
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Prevalence and early‐life risk factors of school‐age allergic multimorbidity: The EuroPrevall‐iFAAM birth cohort
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Allergy Vol. 76, No. 9 ( 2021-09), p. 2855-2865
    Details
    In: Allergy, Wiley, Vol. 76, No. 9 ( 2021-09), p. 2855-2865
    Abstract: Coexistence of childhood asthma, eczema and allergic rhinitis is higher than can be expected by chance, suggesting a common mechanism. Data on allergic multimorbidity from a pan‐European, population‐based birth cohort study have been lacking. This study compares the prevalence and early‐life risk factors of these diseases in European primary school children. Methods In the prospective multicentre observational EuroPrevall‐iFAAM birth cohort study, we used standardized questionnaires on sociodemographics, medical history, parental allergies and lifestyle, and environmental exposures at birth, 12 and 24 months. At primary school age, parents answered ISAAC‐based questions on current asthma, rhinitis and eczema. Allergic multimorbidity was defined as the coexistence of at least two of these. Results From 10,563 children recruited at birth in 8 study centres, we included data from 5,572 children (mean age 8.2 years; 51.8% boys). Prevalence estimates were as follows: asthma, 8.1%; allergic rhinitis, 13.3%; and eczema, 12.0%. Allergic multimorbidity was seen in 7.0% of the whole cohort, ranging from 1.2% (Athens, Greece) to 10.9% (Madrid, Spain). Risk factors for allergic multimorbidity, identified with AICc, included family‐allergy‐score, odds ratio (OR) 1.50 (95% CI 1.32–1.70) per standard deviation; early‐life allergy symptoms, OR 2.72 (2.34–3.16) for each symptom; and caesarean birth, OR 1.35 (1.04–1.76). Female gender, OR 0.72 (0.58–0.90); older siblings, OR 0.79 (0.63–0.99); and day care, OR 0.81 (0.63–1.06) were protective factors. Conclusion Allergic multimorbidity should be regarded as an important chronic childhood disease in Europe. Some of the associated early‐life factors are modifiable and may be considered for prevention strategies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0105-4538 , 1398-9995
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/all.v76.9
    DOI: 10.1111/all.14857
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2003114-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Afdrif barna á Íslandi sem eru ættleidd erlendis frá
    Laeknabladid/The Icelandic Medical Journal ; 2020
    In:  Læknablaðið Vol. 2012, No. 01 ( 2020-01-02), p. 19-23
    Details
    In: Læknablaðið, Laeknabladid/The Icelandic Medical Journal, Vol. 2012, No. 01 ( 2020-01-02), p. 19-23
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0023-7213 , 1670-4959
    Uniform Title: Afdrif barna á Íslandi sem eru ættleidd erlendis frá
    URL: Issue
    URL: Journal
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.17992/lbl.2012.01
    DOI: 10.17992/lbl
    DOI: 10.17992/lbl.2012.01.408
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Laeknabladid/The Icelandic Medical Journal
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2493877-4
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pain and other symptoms and their relationship to quality of life in cancer patients on opioids
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2013
    In:  Quality of Life Research Vol. 22, No. 6 ( 2013-8), p. 1273-1280
    Details
    In: Quality of Life Research, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 22, No. 6 ( 2013-8), p. 1273-1280
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0962-9343 , 1573-2649
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s11136-012-0264-x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2008960-0
    SSG: 5,1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An optimized framework for processing multicentric polysomnographic data incorporating expert human oversight
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2024
    In:  Frontiers in Neuroinformatics Vol. 18 ( 2024-5-13)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Neuroinformatics, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 18 ( 2024-5-13)
    Abstract: Polysomnographic recordings are essential for diagnosing many sleep disorders, yet their detailed analysis presents considerable challenges. With the rise of machine learning methodologies, researchers have created various algorithms to automatically score and extract clinically relevant features from polysomnography, but less research has been devoted to how exactly the algorithms should be incorporated into the workflow of sleep technologists. This paper presents a sophisticated data collection platform developed under the Sleep Revolution project, to harness polysomnographic data from multiple European centers. Methods A tripartite platform is presented: a user-friendly web platform for uploading three-night polysomnographic recordings, a dedicated splitter that segments these into individual one-night recordings, and an advanced processor that enhances the one-night polysomnography with contemporary automatic scoring algorithms. The platform is evaluated using real-life data and human scorers, whereby scoring time, accuracy, and trust are quantified. Additionally, the scorers were interviewed about their trust in the platform, along with the impact of its integration into their workflow. Results We found that incorporating AI into the workflow of sleep technologists both decreased the time to score by up to 65 min and increased the agreement between technologists by as much as 0.17 κ . Discussion We conclude that while the inclusion of AI into the workflow of sleep technologists can have a positive impact in terms of speed and agreement, there is a need for trust in the algorithms.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1662-5196
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fninf.2024.1379932
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2452979-5
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Educational Leadership at Municipality Level : Defined Roles and Responsibilities in Legislation
    OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University ; 2018
    In:  Nordic Journal of Comparative and International Education (NJCIE) Vol. 2, No. 2-3 ( 2018-11-07), p. 56-71
    Details
    In: Nordic Journal of Comparative and International Education (NJCIE), OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Vol. 2, No. 2-3 ( 2018-11-07), p. 56-71
    Abstract: The purpose of this study is to explore the roles and responsibilities that national education legislation in Iceland imposes on municipalities in terms of leadership. A qualitative content analysis was applied to explore the relevant national legislation—that is, education acts, regulations, and curriculum guides—and identify themes by looking for specific words that are characteristic in leadership practices. The findings reveal that policy ends concerning educational leadership of municipalities are somewhat tacit in current national legislation. Yet, the roles and responsibilities that the state delegates to municipalities comprise leadership functions that are distributed in nature and, to a large extent, harmonize with desired leadership practices as emphasized in the literature. Legislation emphasizes comprehensive education, but also in-cludes signs of technocratic homogenization. In the discussion of our findings, we argue that the educational system is quite dependent on the political emphasis at each given time, making it difficult for both munic-ipalities and the state to facilitate a cohesive leadership emphasis. We suggest that closer attention to the local level, and a recognition of it as an important unit and agency for educational development, is of sig-nificant importance. These observations will be followed by a further investigation into the actual practice of leadership at the local level.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2535-4051
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.7577/njcie.2760
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University
    Publication Date: 2018
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