In:
Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, Wiley, Vol. 25, No. 5 ( 2015-10), p. 610-622
Abstract:
The female athlete triad ( T riad), links low energy availability ( EA ), with menstrual dysfunction ( MD ), and impaired bone health. The aims of this study were to examine associations between EA / MD and energy metabolism and the prevalence of T riad‐associated conditions in endurance athletes. Forty women [26.2 ± 5.5 years, body mass index ( BMI ) 20.6 ± 2.0 kg/m 2 , body fat 20.0 ± 3.0%], exercising 11.4 ± 4.5 h/week, were recruited from national teams and competitive clubs. Protocol included gynecological examination; assessment of bone health; indirect respiratory calorimetry; diet and exercise measured 7 days to assess EA ; eating disorder ( ED ) examination; blood analysis. Subjects with low/reduced EA ( 〈 45 kcal/kg FFM/day), had lower resting metabolic rate ( RMR ) compared with those with optimal EA [28.4 ± 2.0 kcal/kg fat‐free mass ( FFM )/day vs 30.5 ± 2.2 kcal/kg FFM /day, P 〈 0.01], as did subjects with MD compared with eumenorrheic subjects (28.6 ± 2.4 kcal/kg FFM /day vs 30.2 ± 1.8 kcal/kg FFM /day, P 〈 0.05). 63% had low/reduced EA , 25% ED , 60% MD , 45% impaired bone health, and 23% had all three Triad conditions. 53% had low RMR , 25% hypercholesterolemia, and 38% hypoglycemia. Conclusively, athletes with low/reduced EA and/or MD had lowered RMR . T riad‐associated conditions were common in this group of athletes, despite a normal BMI range. The high prevalence of ED , MD , and impaired bone health emphasizes the importance of prevention, early detection, and treatment of energy deficiency.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
0905-7188
,
1600-0838
DOI:
10.1111/sms.2015.25.issue-5
Language:
English
Publisher:
Wiley
Publication Date:
2015
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2025503-2
SSG:
31
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