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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rotavirus Vaccine (RotaTeq??) : A Viewpoint by Henry R. Shinefield
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2006
    In:  Pediatric Drugs Vol. 8, No. 3 ( 2006), p. 203-204
    Details
    In: Pediatric Drugs, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 8, No. 3 ( 2006), p. 203-204
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1174-5878
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2165/00148581-200608030-00009
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1492748-2
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (Depo-Provera)
    American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) ; 1980
    In:  Pediatrics Vol. 65, No. 1 ( 1980-01-01), p. A74-A74
    Details
    In: Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Vol. 65, No. 1 ( 1980-01-01), p. A74-A74
    Abstract: Members of the American Academy of Pediatrics have asked the Committee on Drugs to comment on the efficacy and the indications for use of the injectable progestin, medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera), in adolescents. The Committee has reviewed the available data about the drug and assembled several possible indications for its use in adolescents. The Committee has found no conclusive evidence that Depo-Provera is harmful to humans, and it acknowledges that there is controversy about the potential, undesirable, long-term effects of the use of Depo-Provera that cannot be resolved by the extant data. The Committee also wishes to state that the lack of availability of Depo-Provera as an approved contraceptive agent hinders the provision of care needed by some adolescents in the United States. The Committee believes that Depo-Provera—or a similar, long-acting contraceptive agent—can be invaluable to a small, well defined group of adolescents who need effective contraception and are unable to benefit from other methods. They may be at risk of participating in sexual activity unknowingly or unwillingly, or may be sexually active by choice. Some of these adolescents are intellectually impaired and pregnancy is especially unwanted. Conventional oral contraception may be difficult for retarded teen-agers. If there is no adult who will be responsible for administering oral contraceptives or protecting the vulnerable adolescent from sexual advances or from her own inability to estimate the consequences of unprotected sexual intercourse, the use of Depo-Provera is warranted. Menstrual flow creates a major emotional disturbance or hygienic problem for a small number of intellectually impaired adolescents (or for their caretakers), and the cessation of menstrual function—so often resulting from the continued use of Depo-Provera—may be a desirable side effect.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-4005 , 1098-4275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1542/peds.65.1.A74
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
    Publication Date: 1980
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477004-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 207677-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Psychotropic Drugs in Pregnancy and Lactation
    American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) ; 1982
    In:  Pediatrics Vol. 69, No. 2 ( 1982-02-01), p. 241-244
    Details
    In: Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Vol. 69, No. 2 ( 1982-02-01), p. 241-244
    Abstract: Accurate prediction of fetal/neonatal risks following maternal psychotropic drug consumption by the human will require much additional study. Based upon our present understanding of fetal exposure to psychotropic drugs, there would appear to be an increased risk for spontaneous malformations in the case of lithium. There have been inconsistent reports of structural abnormalities following exposure to phenothiazines and benzodiazepines. In animal models that demonstrate structural changes due to neuroleptic exposure, in general, extremely large dosages of medication had been given. Thus, their correlative value is limited. Behavioral alterations in animals following drug exposure during pregnancy tend to support increased concerns about the safety of psychotropic drugs for the fetus but cannot be used alone in making a final decision. Behavioral studies evaluating drugs in breast milk have been restricted to experimental animals; hence, the associated risks from this form of drug dosing in man remain unknown. At present, neither gross anatomic nor motor side effects have been apparent in the infant. The question of the development of subtle behavioral changes as a long-term consequence will remain undetermined until careful assessments have been completed.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-4005 , 1098-4275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1542/peds.69.2.241
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
    Publication Date: 1982
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477004-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 207677-9
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Naloxone Use in Newborns
    American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) ; 1980
    In:  Pediatrics Vol. 65, No. 3 ( 1980-03-01), p. 667-669
    Details
    In: Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Vol. 65, No. 3 ( 1980-03-01), p. 667-669
    Abstract: Naloxone hydrochloride (Narcan) is a pure narcotic antagonist that is the drug of choice in the treatment of central nervous system and cardiores-piratory depression due to narcotic agonist drugs. It has virtually no agonist activity and therefore produces no narcotic effect even when administered in greater than recommended doses, in contrast to nalorphine hydrochloride and levallorphan tartrate, which have mixed agonist-antagonist activity. In 1975 the FDA approved a dosage form of naloxone in a concentration of 0.02 mg/ml that was specifically designed for use in newborns whose mothers receive narcotic analgesics during labor and who are born with narcotic-induced respiratory depression; this drug was marketed for general prescription use. Three years after its introduction, the role of naloxone in the management of the depressed newborn merits clarification. In addition, recent information regarding opiate receptors and endogenous opioids raises questions concerning the long-term safety of naloxone in neonates. A review of available published and unpublished data pertaning to naloxone use in the newborn infant by the Committee on Drugs forms the basis for the following commentary and recommendations. EFFICACY The potent narcotic antagonist activity of naloxone is well documented in infants and children as well as in adults. Naloxone has been effectively used postoperatively to reverse respiratory depression in infants and children who received narcotics for analgesia.1,2 Additional cases have been reported in which naloxone was successfully and safely used to treat children who were poisoned with narcotic agonists such as diphenoxylate hydrochloride (Lomotil),3,4 methadone hydrochloride, 57 and propoxyphene hydrochloride (Darvon).8 Most of the controlled clinical trials to study the safety and efficacy of naloxone in treating respiratory depression in the narcotic-exposed newborn have been carried out on full-term, healthy infants whose mothers received morphine or meperidine hydrochloride during labor, but who showed no overt clinical evidence of respiratory or CNS depression at birth.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-4005 , 1098-4275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1542/peds.65.3.667
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
    Publication Date: 1980
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477004-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 207677-9
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    EFFECT OF SPLENECTOMY ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF MICE INOCULATED WITH DIPLOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE
    Rockefeller University Press ; 1966
    In:  The Journal of Experimental Medicine Vol. 123, No. 5 ( 1966-05-01), p. 777-794
    Details
    In: The Journal of Experimental Medicine, Rockefeller University Press, Vol. 123, No. 5 ( 1966-05-01), p. 777-794
    Abstract: An experimental model is described which demonstrated increased susceptibility of mice to infection with D. pneumoniae following splenectomy. It was necessary to use small numbers of a particular strain of pneumococcus (D. pneumoniae type 6), intravenous infection and a particular strain of mouse (pathogen-free NCS strain). The increase in susceptibility persisted for at least 4 months after splenectomy. With modifications in experimental design such as use of large numbers of organisms, a different strain of pneumococcus, the intraperitoneal route of infection or a different mouse strain no increase or a much less impressive increase in susceptibility was demonstrated. Following intravenous injection of small numbers of D. pneumoniae Type 6 bacteremia tended to persist in all NCS mice. Multiplication of pneumococci subsequently occurred in a higher proportion of mice with splenectomy and at a more rapid rate than in control animals. Mice with splenectomy usually had more D. pneumoniae per ml of blood than per gram of any tissue. This suggested that in these mice multiplication of microorganisms occurs primarily in blood. In control mice higher concentrations of bacteria were present in spleen than in blood, and higher concentrations were found in blood than in other tissues. These results suggested that in normal mice infected intravenously with small numbers of D. pneumoniae Type 6, the spleen protects by removing and killing small but critical numbers of D. pneumoniae which are circulating in the blood. No evidence was found to suggest that the altered susceptibility is mediated by an effect of splenectomy on numbers of circulating leukocytes or on the antibacterial activity of mouse blood.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1540-9538 , 0022-1007
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1084/jem.123.5.777
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Rockefeller University Press
    Publication Date: 1966
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 218343-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477240-1
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of concomitant injections in separate locations of M-M-R®II, VARIVAX® and TETRAMUNE® in healthy children vs. concomitant injections of M-M-R®II and TETRAMUNE® followed six weeks later by VARIVAX®
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 1998
    In:  The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Vol. 17, No. 11 ( 1998-11), p. 980-985
    Details
    In: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 17, No. 11 ( 1998-11), p. 980-985
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0891-3668
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1097/00006454-199811000-00003
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 392481-6
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Breast-feeding and Contraception
    American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) ; 1981
    In:  Pediatrics Vol. 68, No. 1 ( 1981-07-01), p. 138-140
    Details
    In: Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Vol. 68, No. 1 ( 1981-07-01), p. 138-140
    Abstract: Emphasis on the advantages of breast-feeding to the infant and to the nursing mother has been accompanied by resurgent interest in this practice. Although breast-feeding has many desirable features, the needs of the lactating mother and her nursing infant may not always be complementary. Possible competition between the mother's requirement for adequate contraception and the infant's nutrition or maturation is an important example. For this reason, the relationship between breast-feeding and various forms of contraception has been reviewed. LACTATIONAL AMENORRHEA Nursing mothers experience lactational amenorrhea of longer duration than postpartum amenorrhea of women who do not breast-feed their infants.1-3 In addition to a decline in maternal estrogen levels following delivery, hyperprolactinemia— enhanced by suckling—facilitiates the onset of breast milk production.4,5 Depending to some extent on the frequency of breast-feeding, modestly raised prolactin levels may be maintained for several or many months post partum.4,6-8 Many studies suggest that prolactin exerts antagonistic effects on the secretion and actions of gonadotropins, and lactational amenorrhea seems to parallel the presence of hyperprolactinemia.7,8 As breast-feeding continues, the prolactin levels usually return to normal, with some episodic increases occurring in response to suckling. The contraceptive action provided by breast-feeding alone is well established. When breast-feeding is used exclusively and amenorrhea exists, ovulation usually does not occur before the end of the tenth postpartum week.3 However, this contraceptive effect is not universal; 5% to 10% of women with lactational amenorrhea become pregnant, and an even greater proportion of nursing mothers who have reinitiated menstruation become pregnant.2,9 These data indicate that women who want to breast-feed and also avoid pregnancy need to use contraception for complete protection, beginning about four to five weeks post partum when breast-feeding is firmly established.9
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-4005 , 1098-4275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1542/peds.68.1.138
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
    Publication Date: 1981
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477004-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 207677-9
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (Depo-Provera)
    American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) ; 1980
    In:  Pediatrics Vol. 65, No. 3 ( 1980-03-01), p. 648-648
    Details
    In: Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Vol. 65, No. 3 ( 1980-03-01), p. 648-648
    Abstract: Members of the American Academy of Pediatrics have asked the Committee on Drugs to comment on the efficacy and the indications for use of the injectable progestin, medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo-Provera), in adolescents. The Committee has reviewed the available data about the drug and assembled several possible indications for its use in adolescents. The Committee has found no conclusive evidence that Depo-Provera is harmful to humans, and it acknowledges that there is controversy about the potential, undesirable, long-term effects of the use of Depo-Provera that cannot be resolved by the extant data. The Committee also wishes to state that the lack of availability of Depo-Provera as an approved contraceptive agent hinders the provision of care needed by some adolescents in the United States. The Committee believes that Depo-Provera—or a similar, long-acting contraceptive agent—can be invaluable to a small, well defined group of adolescents who need effective contraception and are unable to benefit from other methods. They may be at risk of participating in sexual activity unknowingly or unwillingly, or may be sexually active by choice. Some of these adolescents are intellectually impaired and pregnancy is especially unwanted. Conventional oral contraception may be difficult for retarded teen-agers. If there is no adult who will be responsible for administering oral contraceptives or protecting the vulnerable adolescent from sexual advances or from her own inability to estimate the consequences of unprotected sexual intercourse, the use of Depo-Provera is warranted. Menstrual flow creates a major emotional disturbance or hygienic problem for a small number of intellectually impaired adolescents (or for their caretakers), and the cessation of menstrual function—so often resulting from the continued use of Depo-Provera—may be a desirable side effect.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-4005 , 1098-4275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1542/peds.65.3.648
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
    Publication Date: 1980
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477004-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 207677-9
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Marijuana
    American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) ; 1980
    In:  Pediatrics Vol. 65, No. 3 ( 1980-03-01), p. 652-656
    Details
    In: Pediatrics, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Vol. 65, No. 3 ( 1980-03-01), p. 652-656
    Abstract: In 1971 and 1975, the Committee on Drugs provided information about marijuana for the Academy membership.1,2 Since that time, marijuana use by children and adolescents has continued to increase. Investigations of the biologic effects of the agent have expanded, and there is justification for concern about frequent, chronic use by youth. In addition, marijuana use and experimentation with other drugs are now being promoted to children in subtle and insidious ways which need to be identified (Figs 1 to 5). Pediatricians should be aware of the changing pattern of marijuana use in this country. Whereas occasional use by an adult may have little health consequence for the individual, frequent use by large numbers of children and adolescents raises different concerns. The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) conducts annual surveys of marijuana use in this country and reported in a recent publication3 that 10% of all high school seniors smoke marijuana daily. In the 12- to 17-year old group, 16% of those surveyed in 1977 used marijuana in the month preceding the survey. Even if the incidence figures are not entirely accurate, an increase in use by these two groups from 1976 to 1977, as determined by similar annual sampling techniques, is clear. Nationwide data since 1977 are not yet available, but in two states surveyed in 1978, 16% of high school seniors smoked marijuana daily (R. C. Peterson, PhD, personal communication, 1979). This information supports the conclusion that use in youth had increased each year since 1975. Extrapolation of additional data collected by NIDA revealed that in 1977 about 16 million Americans were current users of marijuana (ie, used the drug during the month preceding the survey).3
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0031-4005 , 1098-4275
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1542/peds.65.3.652
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
    Publication Date: 1980
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477004-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 207677-9
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Safety and immunogenicity of heptavalent pneumococcal CRM197 conjugate vaccine in infants and toddlers
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 1999
    In:  The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Vol. 18, No. 9 ( 1999-09), p. 757-763
    Details
    In: The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 18, No. 9 ( 1999-09), p. 757-763
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0891-3668
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1097/00006454-199909000-00004
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 392481-6
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