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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Influence of Digging Date and Fungicide Program on Canopy Defoliation and Pod Yield of Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.)
    American Peanut Research and Education Society ; 2009
    In:  Peanut Science Vol. 36, No. 1 ( 2009-01-01), p. 77-84
    Details
    In: Peanut Science, American Peanut Research and Education Society, Vol. 36, No. 1 ( 2009-01-01), p. 77-84
    Abstract: Although response can be variable and is dependant upon many factors, digging peanut as little as 1 wk prior to or 1 wk following optimum maturity can result in substantial reductions in pod yield. While growers often assume that harvest should be initiated prior to optimum maturity in fields with high levels of canopy defoliation, there is no clear threshold where gains in pod weight and grade are offset by losses due to pod shedding. Moreover, yield loss relationships for foliar diseases have not been characterized for modern virginia market-type cultivars. Determining interactions between digging date and peanut canopy defoliation would assist growers and their advisors in making more informed decisions on when to initiate harvest to avoid yield loss. Research conducted from 2004–2005 in North Carolina established a range of defoliation levels in a total of seven fields. Fungicides were applied on a bi-weekly schedule from early July through mid-September, or were applied two times in July, or were not applied. Plots were dug early, 6 to 12 days before estimated optimum maturity, or at optimum maturity, as determined by the hull-scrape method. Although interactions between digging date and fungicide program were found in some cases, digging date and fungicide program effects often varied independently. A general recommendation of the percentage of canopy defoliation justifying early digging to prevent yield loss could not be determined from this research. However, data from these experiments reinforce the value of controlling early leaf spot, late leaf spot, and web blotch with timely fungicide applications and the importance of digging at optimum pod maturation for more recently released virginia market-type peanut.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-3679
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3146/PS07-011.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Peanut Research and Education Society
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Examples of Differences in Red Edge Reflectance and Normalized Difference Vegetative Index Caused by Stresses in Peanut
    Wiley ; 2018
    In:  Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2018-12), p. 1-2
    Details
    In: Crop, Forage & Turfgrass Management, Wiley, Vol. 4, No. 1 ( 2018-12), p. 1-2
    Abstract: Canopy reflectance is a potential tool for peanut management. Lesions caused by disease decreased red edge reflectance and NDVI. Leaves expressing nitrogen deficiency and drought stress decreased red edge reflectance and NDVI.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2374-3832 , 2374-3832
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2134/cftm2018.06.0042
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2806280-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Inoculation with Sclerotium rolfsii, cause of stem rot in Jerusalem artichoke, under field conditions
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2016
    In:  European Journal of Plant Pathology Vol. 146, No. 1 ( 2016-9), p. 47-58
    Details
    In: European Journal of Plant Pathology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 146, No. 1 ( 2016-9), p. 47-58
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0929-1873 , 1573-8469
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10658-016-0890-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477679-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bio-control of Stem Rot in Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) in Field Conditions
    Korean Society of Plant Pathology ; 2021
    In:  The Plant Pathology Journal Vol. 37, No. 5 ( 2021-10-01), p. 428-436
    Details
    In: The Plant Pathology Journal, Korean Society of Plant Pathology, Vol. 37, No. 5 ( 2021-10-01), p. 428-436
    Abstract: Stem rot is a serious disease in Jerusalem artichoke (JA). To reduce the impact of this disease on yield and quality farmers often use fungicides, but this control method can be expensive and leave chemical residues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two biological control agents, 〈 i 〉 Trichoderma harzianum 〈 /i 〉 T9 and 〈 i 〉 Bacillus firmus 〈 /i 〉 BSR032 for control of 〈 i 〉 Sclerotium rolfsii 〈 /i 〉 under field conditions. Four accessions of JA (HEL246, HEL65, JA47, and JA12) were treated or notreated with 〈 i 〉 T. harzianum 〈 /i 〉 T9 and 〈 i 〉 B. firmus 〈 /i 〉 BSR032 in a 4 × 2 × 2 factorial experiment in two fields (environments), one unfertilized and one fertilized. Plants were inoculated with 〈 i 〉 S. rolfsii 〈 /i 〉 and disease was evaluated at 3-day intervals for 46 days. 〈 i 〉 T. harzianum 〈 /i 〉 T9 and 〈 i 〉 B. firmus 〈 /i 〉 BSR032 reduced disease incidence by 48% and 49%, respectively, whereas 〈 i 〉 T. harzianum 〈 /i 〉 T9 + 〈 i 〉 B. firmus 〈 /i 〉 BSR032 reduced disease incidence by 37%. The efficacy of 〈 i 〉 T. harzianum 〈 /i 〉 T9 and 〈 i 〉 B. firmus 〈 /i 〉 BSR032 for control of 〈 i 〉 S. rolfsii 〈 /i 〉 was dependent on environments and genotypes. The expression of host plant resistance also depended on the environment. However, HEL246 showed consistently low disease incidence and severity index in both environments (fertilized and unfertilized). Individually, 〈 i 〉 T. harzianum 〈 /i 〉 T9, 〈 i 〉 B. firmus 〈 /i 〉 BSR032, or host plant resistance control stem rot caused by 〈 i 〉 S. rolfsii 〈 /i 〉 in JA. However, no combination of these treatments provided more effective control than each alone.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1598-2254 , 2093-9280
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5423/PPJ.OA.04.2021.0067
    Language: English
    Publisher: Korean Society of Plant Pathology
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2529195-6
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Influence of Cultural and Pest Management Practices on Performance of Runner, Spanish, and Virginia Market Types in North Carolina
    Hindawi Limited ; 2016
    In:  Advances in Agriculture Vol. 2016 ( 2016), p. 1-9
    Details
    In: Advances in Agriculture, Hindawi Limited, Vol. 2016 ( 2016), p. 1-9
    Abstract: Virginia market type peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars are grown primarily in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia in the US, although growers in these states often plant other market types if marketing opportunities are available. Information on yield potential and management strategies comparing these market types is limited in North Carolina. In separate experiments, research was conducted to determine response of runner, Spanish, and Virginia market types to calcium sulfate and inoculation with Bradyrhizobium at planting, planting and digging dates, planting patterns, and seeding rates. In other experiments, control of thrips ( Frankliniella spp.) using aldicarb, southern corn rootworm ( Diabrotica undecimpunctata Howardi) using chlorpyrifos, eclipta ( Eclipta prostrata L.) using threshold-based postemergence herbicides, and leaf spot disease (caused by the fungi Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum ) fungicide programs was compared in these market types. Results showed that management practice and market types interacted for peanut pod yield in only the planting date experiment. Yield of runner and Virginia market types was similar and exceeded yield of the Spanish market type in most experiments.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2356-654X , 2314-7539
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1155/2016/5795373
    Language: English
    Publisher: Hindawi Limited
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2778144-6
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genotypic diversity of Jerusalem artichoke for resistance to stem rot caused by Sclerotium rolfsii under field conditions
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2017
    In:  Euphytica Vol. 213, No. 8 ( 2017-08)
    Details
    In: Euphytica, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 213, No. 8 ( 2017-08)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0014-2336 , 1573-5060
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s10681-017-1950-0
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2012322-X
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Risk Tool and Production Log Created using Microsoft Excel to Manage Pests in Peanut ( Arachis hypogaea )
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Integrated Pest Management Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-01-01)
    Details
    In: Journal of Integrated Pest Management, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 13, No. 1 ( 2022-01-01)
    Abstract: Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) growers and their advisors need to address a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses to maximize yield and financial return. Mitigating risk to yield and financial investment requires knowledge of interactions among pests and strategies to manage pests, including chemical inputs, crop rotation, cultivar selection, field pest history, planting pattern and population, planting date, and tillage systems. Using Microsoft Excel, a comprehensive peanut risk tool was developed to assist growers and advisors in identifying and selecting production strategies to minimize risk to yield based on empirical data and practical experience while providing cost estimates of production practices. Initially, the risk tool was developed for North Carolina (USA) peanut production. However, the current platform is designed to facilitate the development of similar tools for other USA peanut regions, peanut production systems in other countries, and with the capability to develop risk tools for other crops. This article discusses components of the risk management tool developed for North Carolina peanut production. Benefits of the risk tool to practitioners, extension services, genetics and breeding programs, and formal classroom instruction will be discussed. One goal of this paper is to provide an example of how the Microsoft Excel framework used for peanut in North Carolina can be used for peanut in other regions of the USA and other countries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2155-7470
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/jipm/pmac006
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607369-9
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Interactions of Clethodim and Sethoxydim with Other Pesticides
    American Peanut Research and Education Society ; 2013
    In:  Peanut Science Vol. 40, No. 2 ( 2013-07-01), p. 127-134
    Details
    In: Peanut Science, American Peanut Research and Education Society, Vol. 40, No. 2 ( 2013-07-01), p. 127-134
    Abstract: A wide range of agrochemicals are applied in peanut to manage biotic and abiotic stresses. Experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of clethodim and sethoxydim applied alone or with dimethenamid-P, pyraclostrobin, S-metolachlor, and 2,4-DB. When applied in combination with clethodim, pyraclostrobin often reduced goosegrass and large crabgrass control compared with clethodim only. Pyraclostrobin did not impact efficacy of sethoxydim in most instances. Dimethenamid-P and S-metolachlor did not negatively affect efficacy of clethodim and sethoxydim. The impact of 2,4-DB on efficacy of clethodim and sethoxydim was inconsistent. The magnitude of adverse impact on graminicides (clethodim and sethoxydim) performance did not exceed 19% and was caused primarily by pyraclostrobin. Conversely, increased efficacy of graminicides caused by chloroacetamide herbicides did not exceed 14%. Graminicides and chloroacetamide herbicides changed solution pH from slightly acidic to highly acidic. Several combinations of clethodim and sethoxydim produced temporary precipitates but no permanent precipitates. Results from these experiments suggest that applying tank mixtures containing up to four chemical components will not dramatically reduce control of emerged annual grasses in peanut.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0095-3679
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3146/PS11-19.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Peanut Research and Education Society
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pythium spp. Associated with Root Rot and Stunting of Winter Crops in North Carolina
    Scientific Societies ; 2021
    In:  Plant Disease Vol. 105, No. 11 ( 2021-11-01), p. 3433-3442
    Details
    In: Plant Disease, Scientific Societies, Vol. 105, No. 11 ( 2021-11-01), p. 3433-3442
    Abstract: Annual double-crop rotation systems that incorporate winter wheat, clary sage, or a cover crop are common in eastern North Carolina. Stunting and root rot of clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) reduce yields of this crop, especially in wet soils. Stunting and reduced stand establishment also afflict winter cover crops, including rye, rapeseed, and winter pea. Pythium spp. are causal agents of root rot of winter wheat in this region, but their role in root rot and stunting of other winter crops is not understood. During the growing seasons of 2018 to 2019 and 2019 to 2020, samples of clary sage, rye, rapeseed, and winter pea displaying symptoms of stunting were collected across eastern North Carolina, resulting in the recovery of 420 isolates of Pythium from the roots of all hosts. Pythium irregulare, Pythium spinosum, and the complex Pythium sp. cluster B2A were the species most frequently isolated from clary sage. P. irregulare and P. spinosum were aggressive pathogens of clary sage at 18°C and caused moderate root rot at 28°C. Koch’s postulates confirmed that isolates belonging to Pythium sp. cluster B2A, Pythium sylvaticum, Pythium pachycaule, Pythium aphanidermatum, Pythium myriotylum, and Pythium oopapillum are pathogens of clary sage. P. irregulare (37% of all isolates) and members of the species complex Pythium sp. cluster B2A (28% of all isolates) constituted the majority of isolates collected from all hosts and were the species most frequently isolated from rye, rapeseed, and winter pea. In pathogenicity assays, isolates representing P. irregulare and P. spinosum caused slight to moderate root necrosis on rye, rapeseed, and winter pea. Isolates representing Pythium sp. cluster B2A caused slight to moderate root necrosis on rapeseed and clary sage, but no symptoms on rye or winter pea.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0191-2917 , 1943-7692
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-11-20-2403-RE
    Language: English
    Publisher: Scientific Societies
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042679-3
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluating Fungicide Selections to Manage Pythium Root Rot on Poinsettia Cultivars with Varying Levels of Partial Resistance
    Scientific Societies ; 2021
    In:  Plant Disease Vol. 105, No. 6 ( 2021-06), p. 1640-1647
    Details
    In: Plant Disease, Scientific Societies, Vol. 105, No. 6 ( 2021-06), p. 1640-1647
    Abstract: Pythium aphanidermatum is the predominant species causing Pythium root rot of commercially grown poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima Willd. ex Kotzch) in North Carolina. Pythium root rot is managed primarily through a combination of sanitation practices and preventative fungicide applications of mefenoxam or etridiazole. Insensitivity to mefenoxam is common but growers continue to rely on it from lack of inexpensive and efficacious alternatives. This research was conducted to identify alternative fungicides for Pythium root rot control and to evaluate their efficacy on poinsettia cultivars with varying levels of partial resistance. Greenhouse studies were conducted to assess efficacy of fungicide treatments in seven poinsettia cultivars inoculated with a mefenoxam-sensitive isolate of P. aphanidermatum. One study examined control with a single fungicide drench made at transplant and a second study examined repeat fungicide applications made throughout the experiment. Treatments containing etridiazole, mefenoxam, fenamidone, and cyazofamid provided control of Pythium root rot across all cultivars in both experiments whereas Fosetyl-al, potassium phosphite, and Trichoderma spp. failed to offer satisfactory control. Azoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, and propamocarb reduced disease on some cultivars but failed to control Pythium root rot on highly susceptible cultivars. Four isolates of P. aphanidermatum cultured from plants growing in commercial greenhouses were evaluated for in vitro sensitivity to fungicides labeled for Pythium root rot control at four rates. Etridiazole, fosetyl-al, and potassium phosphite completely inhibited mycelial growth, whereas isolates varied in response to mefenoxam, cyazofamid, propamocarb, fenamidone, azoxystrobin, and pyraclostrobin in vitro. Twenty-one additional isolates then were evaluated at label rates of these fungicides. Seven isolates were insensitive to label rates of all three quinone outside inhibitors and one isolate was insensitive to the quinone outside inhibitors and mefenoxam. These results provide guidelines for selecting fungicides to maximize control of Pythium root rot on poinsettia cultivars.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0191-2917 , 1943-7692
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1094/PDIS-04-20-0807-RE
    Language: English
    Publisher: Scientific Societies
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2042679-3
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