In:
BMC Public Health, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 23, No. 1 ( 2023-04-21)
Abstract:
Tobacco use is a major health concern worldwide, especially in low/middle-income countries. We aimed to assess the prevalence of cigarette smoking, waterpipe, and pipe use in Tehran, Iran. Methods We used data from 8272 participants of the Tehran Cohort Study recruitment phase. Tobacco use was defined as a positive answer to using cigarettes, waterpipes, or pipes. Participants who did not report tobacco use during the interview but had a previous smoking history were categorized as former users. Age- and sex-weighted prevalence rates were calculated based on the national census data, and characteristics of current and former tobacco users were analyzed. Results Age- and sex-weighted prevalence of current tobacco users, cigarette smokers, waterpipe, and pipe users in Tehran was 19.8%, 14.9%, 6.1%, and 0.5%, respectively. Current tobacco use was higher in younger individuals (35–45 years: 23.4% vs. ≥ 75 years: 10.4%, P 〈 0.001) and men compared to women (32.9% vs. 7.7% P 〈 0.001). The prevalence of tobacco use increased with more years of education ( 〉 12 years: 19.3% vs. illiterate: 9.7%, P 〈 0.001), lower body mass index ( 〈 20 kg/m 2 : 31.3% vs. ≥ 35 kg/m 2 : 13.8%, P 〈 0.001), higher physical activity (high: 23.0% vs. low: 16.4%, P 〈 0.001), opium (user: 66.6% vs. non-user: 16.5%, P 〈 0.001), and alcohol use (drinker: 57.5% vs. non-drinker: 15.4%, P 〈 0.001). Waterpipe users were younger (46.1 vs. 53.2 years) and had a narrower gender gap in prevalence than cigarette smokers (male/female ratio in waterpipe users: 2.39 vs. cigarette smokers: 5.47). Opium (OR = 5.557, P 〈 0.001) and alcohol consumption (OR = 4.737, P 〈 0.001) were strongly associated with tobacco use. Hypertension was negatively associated with tobacco use (OR = 0.774, P = 0.005). Conclusion The concerning prevalence of tobacco use in Tehran and its large gender gap for cigarette and waterpipe use warrant tailored preventive policies.
Type of Medium:
Online Resource
ISSN:
1471-2458
DOI:
10.1186/s12889-023-15629-4
Language:
English
Publisher:
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Publication Date:
2023
detail.hit.zdb_id:
2041338-5
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