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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Table_1.DOCX
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2019
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 6 ( 2019-11-6)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 6 ( 2019-11-6)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00647
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2019.00647.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2757748-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Marine mammals and anthropogenic noise: Challenges from a management and regulatory prospective.
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2010
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 127, No. 3_Supplement ( 2010-03-01), p. 1802-1802
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 127, No. 3_Supplement ( 2010-03-01), p. 1802-1802
    Abstract: Responsibilities of the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) include conserving and recovering marine species protected under the U.S. Marine Mammal Protection and Endangered Species Acts. One of our primary objectives is to assess the risks anthropogenic noise in marine/coastal environments poses to animals in those environments and implement appropriate measures to reduce these risks. Many challenges to achieving these goals exist from both a scientific and a regulatory perspective. Accounting for the inherent complexity of source characteristics, noise propagation through the environment, and temporal/spatial overlap between sources and protected species, as well as understanding how noise exposure affects species are often quite difficult. Exposures typically are either high-level, short-term (e.g., seismic survey), or lower-level, long-term (e.g., construction project), with each presenting different risks. Establishing appropriate metrics for describing noise sources, assessing effects on individuals and on populations/stocks, as our statutes require, and ensuring the practicality of applying these metrics to real-world situations are essential. There are also often considerable data gaps, which require us to draw upon the knowledge gained from human and other terrestrial species. NMFS is currently re-evaluating and updating our acoustic criteria, which are used within our impact assessments, to reflect the best-available science on these issues.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.3384070
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Role of the National Marine Fisheries Service in underwater acoustics: Integration of science and policy.
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2009
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 125, No. 4_Supplement ( 2009-04-01), p. 2518-2518
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 125, No. 4_Supplement ( 2009-04-01), p. 2518-2518
    Abstract: The National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources (NMFS OPR) is responsible for protecting marine mammals and other endangered marine species and works to conserve and recover these species under the Marine Mammal Protection Act and Endangered Species Act. Accurately assessing the impacts of anthropogenic underwater noise on the marine environment and implementing appropriate measures to reduce such impacts is one of its primary focuses. To do this successfully requires the integration of science with policy. This integration combines a complex set of factors. NMFS OPR has jurisdictions over a variety of marine species, considers a wide range of potential impacts, and regards a diverse assortment sound sources. Additionally, it works collaboratively with other federal, state, and local government agencies, academia, nongovernmental organizations, and industry, as well as solicits public input on the actions it regulates. NMFS OPR uses and relies on scientific data to make informed decisions on numerous issues relating to anthropogenic underwater noise, including developing appropriate acoustic thresholds for assessing impacts and best protecting marine species via the establishment of practicable mitigation and monitoring protocols. To most effectively achieve these goals requires continual interaction with and input from those in the scientific community.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4783464
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2009
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A brief history of our understandings on underwater noise impacts to marine life and the evolution of its regulatory process in the United States
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2018
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 143, No. 3_Supplement ( 2018-03-01), p. 1767-1767
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 143, No. 3_Supplement ( 2018-03-01), p. 1767-1767
    Abstract: It has been long understood that elevated noise is detrimental to signal detection by the anti-submarine warfare community. However, it was not until the early 1970s that similar concerns were raised regarding marine life that utilize sound for various life functions. The 1980s saw some of the first studies on effects of noise from offshore oil and gas exploration and development on marine mammals in Arctic waters. Low-frequency sources for ocean thermometry research and submarine detection over ocean basins brought additional concerns in the early 1990s on potential impacts on marine mammals from intense sources. Around late 1990s, several ad-hoc noise levels were adopted as acoustic impact thresholds of marine mammals by regulatory agencies in the U.S. Several cetacean mass stranding events that were coincidental with the mid-frequency military sonar operations and the increased awareness of ocean noise pollution accelerated research in this field in the 21st Century. Numerous studies on hearing sensitivity and noise induced temporary threshold shift or physical injuries on various marine animal taxa led to new sophisticated regulatory guidelines on assessing underwater noise impacts to marine life. In addition, recent understanding of soundscapes as environmental quality factors provides new perspectives on marine species and ecosystem conservation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.5035786
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Implementing NOAA Fisheries’ 2016 Marine Mammal Acoustic Guidance: Challenges and lessons learned
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2017
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 141, No. 5_Supplement ( 2017-05-01), p. 3603-3603
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 141, No. 5_Supplement ( 2017-05-01), p. 3603-3603
    Abstract: The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) first comprehensive Guidance addressing the effects of noise on marine mammal hearing is intended for use by NOAA managers and applicants to better predict acoustic exposures that have the potential to trigger certain requirements under various statutes (e.g., U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act; Endangered Species Act). The Guidance was developed by compiling, interpreting, and synthesizing scientific information on the effects of anthropogenic sound on marine mammal hearing. The Guidance’s updated acoustic thresholds are more sophisticated than our previous thresholds. This added complexity is an important consideration for applicants who have formerly relied on more simple acoustic thresholds to evaluate potential impacts. Thus, the development of user-friendly tools is a fundamental issue for the regulatory community that is not often considered by most outside this group. As NOAA implements the Guidance, we have entered a new phase that consists of its own inherent issues and challenges associated with the practicality of employing more complex science to real-world applications. Throughout this process, NOAA has learned several valuable lessons, which will help improve the process of updating this document as well as drafting future guidance (e.g., marine mammal behavioral guidance; guidance for other protected species).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4987708
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Integrating disturbance ecology and public policy: A better framework for managing the effects of anthropogenic noise.
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2010
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 127, No. 3_Supplement ( 2010-03-01), p. 1841-1841
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 127, No. 3_Supplement ( 2010-03-01), p. 1841-1841
    Abstract: The Marine Mammal Protection Act and the Endangered Species Act are statutes designed to conserve and recover marine mammal species. In addition to language that restricts activities that could “take” individuals via death, they restrict activities that could harass marine mammals. By framing the problem in terms of harassment, these statutes acknowledge the potential for significant behavioral effects. However, predicting biologically significant effects of disturbance is often difficult. A better theoretical and technical framework is needed that accounts for the adaptive scope (both physiological and behavioral) of large, intelligent, wide-ranging, and long-lived marine mammals. While ASA members have debated policy statements on the inappropriate use of acoustic concepts in controversies over marine mammal exposure to noise, they have not effectively addressed the need for better integration of biological theory. Of particular importance are theories on cognitive function, adaptive defensive strategies, and allostasis that help explain why marine mammal responses can be intelligent and flexible in some cases and injurious in others. By integrating such biological concepts into its policy statements, the Society could foster more effective use of research resources and help stakeholders support regulatory instruments for noise that would effectively balance human needs with those of marine mammals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.3384311
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Underwater sound from pile driving and protected marine species issues
    Acoustical Society of America (ASA) ; 2012
    In:  The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Vol. 132, No. 3_Supplement ( 2012-09-01), p. 2034-2034
    Details
    In: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Acoustical Society of America (ASA), Vol. 132, No. 3_Supplement ( 2012-09-01), p. 2034-2034
    Abstract: With current, wide-spread coastal construction projects and the predicted development of offshore wind energy, there are concerns regarding the potential impacts of underwater sound associated with pile driving activities on protected marine species. The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) works to conserve, protect, and recover a variety of marine species, including marine mammals, marine and anadromous fishes, and sea turtles, protected under the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) and/or Endangered Species Act (ESA). In order to make management decisions for these protected species, we rely on scientific data to inform our policy. However, there are many challenges, including determining appropriate acoustic criteria and metrics for injury and behavioral harassment for impact and vibratory pile driving activities; understanding acoustic propagation in complex environments, especially shallow, coastal areas and throughout sediments; establishing appropriate protocols to mitigate and monitor impacts; and managing uncertainty for the broad number of species under our jurisdiction, who use and depend on sound (pressure and particle motion) in a variety of ways. Thus, we work collaboratively with other federal, state, and local government agencies, academia, nongovernmental agencies, and industry to best assess and manage risk from these activities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0001-4966 , 1520-8524
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1121/1.4755478
    RVK:
    EQ 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Acoustical Society of America (ASA)
    Publication Date: 2012
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461063-2
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