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  • 1
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    Environmental gradients and the evolution of successional habitat specialization: a test case with 14 Neotropical forest sites
    Wiley ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Ecology Vol. 103, No. 5 ( 2015-09), p. 1276-1290
    Details
    In: Journal of Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 103, No. 5 ( 2015-09), p. 1276-1290
    Abstract: Successional gradients are ubiquitous in nature, yet few studies have systematically examined the evolutionary origins of taxa that specialize at different successional stages. Here we quantify successional habitat specialization in Neotropical forest trees and evaluate its evolutionary lability along a precipitation gradient. Theoretically, successional habitat specialization should be more evolutionarily conserved in wet forests than in dry forests due to more extreme microenvironmental differentiation between early and late‐successional stages in wet forest. We applied a robust multinomial classification model to samples of primary and secondary forest trees from 14 Neotropical lowland forest sites spanning a precipitation gradient from 788 to 4000 mm annual rainfall, identifying species that are old‐growth specialists and secondary forest specialists in each site. We constructed phylogenies for the classified taxa at each site and for the entire set of classified taxa and tested whether successional habitat specialization is phylogenetically conserved. We further investigated differences in the functional traits of species specializing in secondary vs. old‐growth forest along the precipitation gradient, expecting different trait associations with secondary forest specialists in wet vs. dry forests since water availability is more limiting in dry forests and light availability more limiting in wet forests. Successional habitat specialization is non‐randomly distributed in the angiosperm phylogeny, with a tendency towards phylogenetic conservatism overall and a trend towards stronger conservatism in wet forests than in dry forests. However, the specialists come from all the major branches of the angiosperm phylogeny, and very few functional traits showed any consistent relationships with successional habitat specialization in either wet or dry forests. Synthesis . The niche conservatism evident in the habitat specialization of Neotropical trees suggests a role for radiation into different successional habitats in the evolution of species‐rich genera, though the diversity of functional traits that lead to success in different successional habitats complicates analyses at the community scale. Examining the distribution of particular lineages with respect to successional gradients may provide more insight into the role of successional habitat specialization in the evolution of species‐rich taxa.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0477 , 1365-2745
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/jec.2015.103.issue-5
    DOI: 10.1111/1365-2745.12435
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3023-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004136-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Data_Sheet_1.pdf
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Vol. 9 ( 2021-12-6)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2021-12-6)
    Abstract: Phenological shifts are a widely studied consequence of climate change. Little is known, however, about certain critical phenological events, nor about mechanistic links between shifts in different life-history stages of the same organism. Among angiosperms, flowering times have been observed to advance with climate change, but, whether fruiting times shift as a direct consequence of shifting flowering times, or respond differently or not at all to climate change, is poorly understood. Yet, shifts in fruiting could alter species interactions, including by disrupting seed dispersal mutualisms. In the absence of long-term data on fruiting phenology, but given extensive data on flowering, we argue that an understanding of whether flowering and fruiting are tightly linked or respond independently to environmental change can significantly advance our understanding of how fruiting phenologies will respond to warming climates. Through a case study of biotically and abiotically dispersed plants, we present evidence for a potential functional link between the timing of flowering and fruiting. We then propose general mechanisms for how flowering and fruiting life history stages could be functionally linked or independently driven by external factors, and we use our case study species and phenological responses to distinguish among proposed mechanisms in a real-world framework. Finally, we identify research directions that could elucidate which of these mechanisms drive the timing between subsequent life stages. Understanding how fruiting phenology is altered by climate change is essential for all plant species but is particularly critical to sustaining the large numbers of plant species that rely on animal-mediated dispersal, as well as the animals that rely on fruit for sustenance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-701X
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.752110
    DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.752110.s001
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2745634-1
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  • 3
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    Invasive predators affect community‐wide pollinator visitation
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Ecological Applications Vol. 32, No. 2 ( 2022-03)
    Details
    In: Ecological Applications, Wiley, Vol. 32, No. 2 ( 2022-03)
    Abstract: Disruption of plant–pollinator interactions by invasive predators is poorly understood but may pose a critical threat for native ecosystems. In a multiyear field experiment in Hawai'i, we suppressed abundances of globally invasive predators and then observed insect visitation to flowers of six native plant species. Three plant species are federally endangered ( Haplostachys haplostachya , Silene lanceolata , Tetramolopium arenarium ) and three are common throughout their range ( Bidens menziesii , Dubautia linearis , Sida fallax ). Insect visitors were primarily generalist pollinators, including taxa that occur worldwide such as solitary bees (e.g., Lasioglossum impavidum ), social bees (e.g., Apis mellifera ), and syrphid flies (e.g., Allograpta exotica ). We found that suppressing invasive rats ( Rattus rattus ), mice ( Mus musculus ), ants ( Linepithema humile , Tapinoma melanocephalum ), and yellowjacket wasps ( Vespula pensylvanica ) had positive effects on pollinator visitation to plants in 16 of 19 significant predator–pollinator–plant interactions. We found only positive effects of suppressing rats and ants, and both positive and negative effects of suppressing mice and yellowjacket wasps, on the frequency of interactions between pollinators and plants. Model results predicted that predator eradication could increase the frequency of insect visitation to flowering species, in some cases by more than 90%. Previous results from the system showed that these flowering species produced significantly more seed when flowers were allowed to outcross than when flowers were bagged to exclude pollinators, indicating limited autogamy. Our findings highlight the potential benefits of suppression or eradication of invasive rodents, ants, and yellowjackets to reverse pollination disruption, particularly in locations with high numbers of at‐risk plant species or already imperiled pollinator populations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1051-0761 , 1939-5582
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/eap.v32.2
    DOI: 10.1002/eap.2522
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010123-5
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  • 4
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    Advancing an interdisciplinary framework to study seed dispersal ecology
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2020
    In:  AoB PLANTS Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2020-04-01)
    Details
    In: AoB PLANTS, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 12, No. 2 ( 2020-04-01)
    Abstract: Although dispersal is generally viewed as a crucial determinant for the fitness of any organism, our understanding of its role in the persistence and spread of plant populations remains incomplete. Generalizing and predicting dispersal processes are challenging due to context dependence of seed dispersal, environmental heterogeneity and interdependent processes occurring over multiple spatial and temporal scales. Current population models often use simple phenomenological descriptions of dispersal processes, limiting their ability to examine the role of population persistence and spread, especially under global change. To move seed dispersal ecology forward, we need to evaluate the impact of any single seed dispersal event within the full spatial and temporal context of a plant’s life history and environmental variability that ultimately influences a population’s ability to persist and spread. In this perspective, we provide guidance on integrating empirical and theoretical approaches that account for the context dependency of seed dispersal to improve our ability to generalize and predict the consequences of dispersal, and its anthropogenic alteration, across systems. We synthesize suitable theoretical frameworks for this work and discuss concepts, approaches and available data from diverse subdisciplines to help operationalize concepts, highlight recent breakthroughs across research areas and discuss ongoing challenges and open questions. We address knowledge gaps in the movement ecology of seeds and the integration of dispersal and demography that could benefit from such a synthesis. With an interdisciplinary perspective, we will be able to better understand how global change will impact seed dispersal processes, and potential cascading effects on plant population persistence, spread and biodiversity.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-2851
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plz048
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2555823-7
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  • 5
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    Multi‐species occupancy models as robust estimators of community richness
    Wiley ; 2020
    In:  Methods in Ecology and Evolution Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2020-05), p. 633-642
    Details
    In: Methods in Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2020-05), p. 633-642
    Abstract: Understanding patterns of diversity is central to ecology and conservation, yet estimates of diversity are often biased by imperfect detection. In recent years, multi‐species occupancy models (MSOM) have been developed as a statistical tool to account for species‐specific heterogeneity in detection while estimating true measures of diversity. Although the power of these models has been tested in various ways, their ability to estimate gamma diversity—or true community size, N is a largely unrecognized feature that needs rigorous evaluation. We use both simulations and an empirical dataset to evaluate the bias, precision, accuracy and coverage of estimates of N from MSOM compared to the widely applied iChao2 non‐parametric estimator. We simulated 5,600 datasets across seven scenarios of varying average occupancy and detectability covariates, as well as varying numbers of sites, replicates and true community size. Additionally, we use a real dataset of surveys over 9 years (where species accumulation reached an asymptote, indicating true N ), to estimate N from each annual survey. Simulations showed that both MSOM and iChao2 estimators are generally accurate (i.e. unbiased and precise) except under unideal scenarios where mean species occupancy is low. In such scenarios, MSOM frequently overestimated N . Across all scenarios, MSOM estimates were less certain than iChao2, but this led to over‐confident iChao2 estimates that showed poor coverage. Results from the real dataset largely confirmed the simulation findings, with MSOM estimates showing greater accuracy and coverage than iChao2. Community ecologists have a wide choice of analytical methods, and both iChao2 and MSOM estimates of N are substantially preferable to raw species counts. The simplicity of non‐parametric estimators has obvious advantages, but our results show that in many cases, MSOM may provide superior estimates that also account more accurately for uncertainty. Both methods can show strong bias when average occupancy is very low, and practitioners should show caution when using estimates derived from either method under such conditions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-210X , 2041-210X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/mee3.v11.5
    DOI: 10.1111/2041-210X.13378
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2528492-7
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  • 6
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    Remnant Trees Affect Species Composition but Not Structure of Tropical Second-Growth Forest
    Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2014
    In:  PLoS ONE Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2014-1-13), p. e83284-
    Details
    In: PLoS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2014-1-13), p. e83284-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-6203
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083284
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083284.g001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083284.g002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083284.t001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083284.s001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083284.s002
    Language: English
    Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2267670-3
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  • 7
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    Extinction of biotic interactions due to habitat loss could accelerate the current biodiversity crisis
    Wiley ; 2022
    In:  Ecological Applications Vol. 32, No. 6 ( 2022-09)
    Details
    In: Ecological Applications, Wiley, Vol. 32, No. 6 ( 2022-09)
    Abstract: Habitat loss disrupts species interactions through local extinctions, potentially orphaning species that depend on interacting partners, via mutualisms or commensalisms, and increasing secondary extinction risk. Orphaned species may become functionally or secondarily extinct, increasing the severity of the current biodiversity crisis. While habitat destruction is a major cause of biodiversity loss, the number of secondary extinctions is largely unknown. We investigate the relationship between habitat loss, orphaned species, and bipartite network properties. Using a real seed dispersal network, we simulate habitat loss to estimate the rate at which species are orphaned. To be able to draw general conclusions, we also simulate habitat loss in synthetic networks to quantify how changes in network properties affect orphan rates across broader parameter space. Both real and synthetic network simulations show that even small amounts of habitat loss can cause up to 10% of species to be orphaned. More area loss, less connected networks, and a greater disparity in the species richness of the network's trophic levels generally result in more orphaned species. As habitat is lost to land‐use conversion and climate change, more orphaned species increase the loss of community‐level and ecosystem functions. However, the potential severity of repercussions ranges from minimal (no species orphaned) to catastrophic (up to 60% of species within a network orphaned). Severity of repercussions also depends on how much the interaction richness and intactness of the community affects the degree of redundancy within networks. Orphaned species could add substantially to the loss of ecosystem function and secondary extinction worldwide.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1051-0761 , 1939-5582
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/eap.v32.6
    DOI: 10.1002/eap.2608
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010123-5
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    SSG: 23
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  • 8
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    The total dispersal kernel: a review and future directions
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  AoB PLANTS Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2019-09-01)
    Details
    In: AoB PLANTS, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 11, No. 5 ( 2019-09-01)
    Abstract: The distribution and abundance of plants across the world depends in part on their ability to move, which is commonly characterized by a dispersal kernel. For seeds, the total dispersal kernel (TDK) describes the combined influence of all primary, secondary and higher-order dispersal vectors on the overall dispersal kernel for a plant individual, population, species or community. Understanding the role of each vector within the TDK, and their combined influence on the TDK, is critically important for being able to predict plant responses to a changing biotic or abiotic environment. In addition, fully characterizing the TDK by including all vectors may affect predictions of population spread. Here, we review existing research on the TDK and discuss advances in empirical, conceptual modelling and statistical approaches that will facilitate broader application. The concept is simple, but few examples of well-characterized TDKs exist. We find that significant empirical challenges exist, as many studies do not account for all dispersal vectors (e.g. gravity, higher-order dispersal vectors), inadequately measure or estimate long-distance dispersal resulting from multiple vectors and/or neglect spatial heterogeneity and context dependence. Existing mathematical and conceptual modelling approaches and statistical methods allow fitting individual dispersal kernels and combining them to form a TDK; these will perform best if robust prior information is available. We recommend a modelling cycle to parameterize TDKs, where empirical data inform models, which in turn inform additional data collection. Finally, we recommend that the TDK concept be extended to account for not only where seeds land, but also how that location affects the likelihood of establishing and producing a reproductive adult, i.e. the total effective dispersal kernel.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-2851
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plz042
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2555823-7
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  • 9
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    Intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of intraspecific variation in seed dispersal are diverse and pervasive
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2019
    In:  AoB PLANTS Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2019-11-01)
    Details
    In: AoB PLANTS, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 11, No. 6 ( 2019-11-01)
    Abstract: There is growing realization that intraspecific variation in seed dispersal can have important ecological and evolutionary consequences. However, we do not have a good understanding of the drivers or causes of intraspecific variation in dispersal, how strong an effect these drivers have, and how widespread they are across dispersal modes. As a first step to developing a better understanding, we present a broad, but not exhaustive, review of what is known about the drivers of intraspecific variation in seed dispersal, and what remains uncertain. We start by decomposing ‘drivers of intraspecific variation in seed dispersal’ into intrinsic drivers (i.e. variation in traits of individual plants) and extrinsic drivers (i.e. variation in ecological context). For intrinsic traits, we further decompose intraspecific variation into variation among individuals and variation of trait values within individuals. We then review our understanding of the major intrinsic and extrinsic drivers of intraspecific variation in seed dispersal, with an emphasis on variation among individuals. Crop size is the best-supported and best-understood intrinsic driver of variation across dispersal modes; overall, more seeds are dispersed as more seeds are produced, even in cases where per seed dispersal rates decline. Fruit/seed size is the second most widely studied intrinsic driver, and is also relevant to a broad range of seed dispersal modes. Remaining intrinsic drivers are poorly understood, and range from effects that are probably widespread, such as plant height, to drivers that are most likely sporadic, such as fruit or seed colour polymorphism. Primary extrinsic drivers of variation in seed dispersal include local environmental conditions and habitat structure. Finally, we present a selection of outstanding questions as a starting point to advance our understanding of individual variation in seed dispersal.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-2851
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plz067
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2555823-7
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  • 10
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    Land management objectives and activities in the face of projected fire regime change in the Sonoran desert
    Elsevier BV ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Environmental Management Vol. 280 ( 2021-02), p. 111644-
    Details
    In: Journal of Environmental Management, Elsevier BV, Vol. 280 ( 2021-02), p. 111644-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0301-4797
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111644
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1469206-5
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 14
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