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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    α-Cyclodextrin enhances myoblast fusion and muscle differentiation by the release of IL-4
    Elsevier BV ; 2011
    In:  Cytokine Vol. 55, No. 2 ( 2011-08), p. 280-287
    Details
    In: Cytokine, Elsevier BV, Vol. 55, No. 2 ( 2011-08), p. 280-287
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1043-4666
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.04.018
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1463198-2
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Substituição do milho por farelo de palma forrageira em dietas para ovinos em crescimento: consumo e digestibilidade
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2005
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia Vol. 34, No. 1 ( 2005-02), p. 351-356
    Details
    In: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 34, No. 1 ( 2005-02), p. 351-356
    Abstract: The apparent digestibility and the intakes of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and total digestible nutrients (TDN) were estimated to evaluate the effects of replacement by corn by forage cactus meal (0, 33, 66 and 100%) in growing lambs diets. It was also aimed to compare the internal markers, indigestible neutral detergent (NFDi) and acid detergent fiber (ADFi) with total feces collection to estimate the apparent digestibility of nutrients. A 4 x 4 latin square experimental design with four lambs, four periods and four levels of replacement of corn by forage cactus meal, was used. The replacement of corn by forage cactus meal did not affect the intakes of DM, OM, CP and NDF. TDN intake decreased linearly. The apparent digestibility of DM and OM decreased linearly, but no effect was observed for CP and NDF digestibilities. There was no difference between NDFi and total feces collection in the estimate of nutrients digestibility.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1516-3598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982005000100040
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2078814-9
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Níveis de proteína na dieta de bovinos Nelore de três condições sexuais: consumo, digestibilidades total e parcial, produção microbiana e parâmetros ruminais
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2007
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia Vol. 36, No. 4 suppl ( 2007-08), p. 1199-1211
    Details
    In: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 36, No. 4 suppl ( 2007-08), p. 1199-1211
    Abstract: Twelve Nellore cattle fitted with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used to investigate the effects of increasing dietary crude protein level (7, 10, 13, and 15%) on intake, ruminal and total tract digestibility of nutrients, microbial protein synthesis, degradabilities of corn silage, corn starch, and cottonseed meal, and ruminal metabolism. Animals were blocked by sexual category (heifers, bulls and steers averaging 254.8, 285.1, and 265.6 kg of body weight, respectively) and then assigned to one out of three Latin squares. Samples were incubated in the rumen of one animal of each sexual category to estimate ingredient degradability after determination of DM, CP and NDF in the incubation residues. Ruminal fluid was collected before and after-feeding to determine pH and concentration of ammonia while ruminal samples for bacterial isolation were taken 6 hours post-feeding. Blood (BUN) and urine (UU) were also collected for measurement of urea concentration. The degradation rates of DM and CP were both lower in corn silage than on corn starch and cottonseed meal. The interaction sexual condition x dietary crude protein level was not significant for nutrient intake. With the exception of EE and NFC, no other significant effect of dietary CP level was observed for daily intake of nutrients. Increasing dietary CP level affected total tract digestibilities of DM, OM, CP, NDF, and NFC and also resulted in higher concentrations of BUN and UU. A significant dietary crude protein level x collection time interaction was observed for ruminal NH3 but not for ruminal pH. It was concluded that increasing dietary CP levels affected intake and total tract digestibility of most nutrients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1516-3598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982007000500029
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2007
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2078814-9
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Fecal excretion patterns and short term bias of internal and external markers in a digestion assay with cattle
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2011
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia Vol. 40, No. 3 ( 2011-03), p. 657-665
    Details
    In: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 40, No. 3 ( 2011-03), p. 657-665
    Abstract: Objetivou-se avaliar o perfil de excreção fecal e o vício de tempo curto dos indicadores externos óxido crômico e dióxido de titânio e dos indicadores internos matéria seca indigestível (MSi), fibra em detergente neutro indigestível (FDNi) e fibra em detergente ácido indigestível (FDAi) em ensaio de digestão com bovinos alimentados com diferentes dietas. Foram utilizados 14 novilhos F1 Red Angus × Nelore, não-castrados, com idade e peso médios de 12 meses e 287 kg, mantidos em baias individuais. Os animais foram alimentados com silagem de capim-elefante, silagem de milho ou feno de capim-braquiária, suplementados ou não com 20% de mistura concentrada. O experimento foi constituído de dois períodos de 13 dias, segundo delineamento em quadrado latino 2 × 2, com agrupamento de sete quadrados. Os animais receberam diariamente 10 g de óxido crômico e 10 g de dióxido de titânio por meio de sonda esofágica. Foram realizadas coletas fecais pontuais (grab samples), diretamente do reto dos animais, nos horários de 1h30, 3h00, 4h30, 6h00, 7h30, 9h00, 10h30, 12h00, 13h30, 15h00, 16h30, 18h00, 19h30, 21h00, 22h30 e 24h00. Não foram observados efeitos das forragens ou dos níveis de concentrado sobre a dimensão do ciclo excretório. O período fundamental do ciclo excretório foi de 15,06 e 18,66 horas para o óxido crômico e dióxido de titânio, e de 9,93; 9,29 e 10,55 horas para MSi, FDNi e FDAi respectivamente. Verificou-se maior amplitude de oscilação para os indicadores externos. Considerando-se conjuntamente as características dos indicadores avaliados, recomendam-se delineamentos de amostragem fecal com o mínimo de quatro coletas, distribuídas ao longo do dia ou somente no período diurno, para obtenção de estimativas de excreção fecal isentas de vício de tempo curto.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1516-3598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982011000300026
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Evaluation of neutral detergent fiber contents in forages, concentrates and cattle feces ground at different particle sizes and using bags made from different textiles
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2011
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia Vol. 40, No. 5 ( 2011-05), p. 1148-1154
    Details
    In: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 40, No. 5 ( 2011-05), p. 1148-1154
    Abstract: Foram realizados dois experimentos objetivando-se avaliar a influência do tamanho das partículas sobre os teores de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) utilizando-se sacos de náilon, F57 (Ankom®) e tecido-não-tecido (TNT 100 g/m²). No primeiro experimento, com o intuito de aferir os teores de FDN obtidos com cada um dos tecidos, utilizou-se papel-filtro quantitativo (celulose purificada) como padrão analítico. O material foi processado em 1 e 2 mm e acondicionado nos sacos seguindo-se a relação de 20 mg de matéria seca/cm² de superfície. Utilizou-se aparelho analisador de fibras (Ankom220), empregando-se a-amilase termoestável. Não foram verificados efeitos do tamanho de partículas. Contudo, perdas de partículas significativas foram verificadas com o uso do náilon. No segundo experimento foram utilizadas amostras de forragem (feno de capim-braquiária, cana-de-açúcar, feno de coastcross, palha de milho, silagem de milho e capim-elefante cortado aos 50 dias e 250 dias de rebrotação), alimentos concentrados (sorgo grão, glúten de milho, polpa cítrica, farelo de algodão, farelo de soja, farelo de trigo, milho grão, soja grão e casca de soja) e fezes bovinas oriundas de animais alimentados com dietas contendo 15 e 50% de concentrado. As amostras foram preparadas, acondicionadas e analisadas como descrito no experimento anterior. Os menores teores de FDN foram encontrados com o uso de sacos de náilon, o que indica perda de partículas pela porosidade do saco. Recomenda-se a moagem de amostras em peneiras de porosidade 1 mm, o que propicia a extração eficiente do conteúdo celular pela ação do detergente neutro e maior superfície específica para ação da a-amilase termoestável. O uso de partículas processadas a 2 mm conduz à superestimação dos teores de FDN.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1516-3598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982011000500029
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2011
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Review: Recent advances in evaluation of bags made from different textiles used in situ ruminal degradation
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 2015
    In:  Canadian Journal of Animal Science Vol. 95, No. 4 ( 2015-12), p. 493-498
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Animal Science, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 95, No. 4 ( 2015-12), p. 493-498
    Abstract: Valente, T. N. P., Detmann, E. and Sampaio, C. B. 2015. Review: Recent advances in evaluation of bags made from different textiles used in situ ruminal degradation. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 493–498. Textile bags are used in the laboratory to analyze the indigestible contents (internal markers) of feedstuffs after in situ ruminal incubation. Information is needed on the rate and extent of degradation in the rumen using bags made from different materials. In situ techniques have been used extensively to measure the degradation of feedstuffs in the rumen. However, in situ techniques are prone to variability. This paper reviews the effects of particle size, the material from which bags are made, pore size, tensile strength of the bags, in situ estimation of the levels of indigestible compounds [indigestible dry matter (iDM), indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF), and indigestible acid detergent fiber (iADF)] , rumen degradation profiles, and the use of bags made from nylon (50 µm), F57 (Ankom ® ), and non-woven textile (100 g m −2 ).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-3984 , 1918-1825
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4141/cjas-2015-100
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016977-2
    SSG: 22
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Aspects of Acidosis in Ruminants with a Focus on Nutrition: A Review
    Canadian Center of Science and Education ; 2017
    In:  Journal of Agricultural Science Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2017-02-13), p. 90-
    Details
    In: Journal of Agricultural Science, Canadian Center of Science and Education, Vol. 9, No. 3 ( 2017-02-13), p. 90-
    Abstract: An increased risk of acidosis in animals is associated with a high dry matter intake (DMI), which in turn results in the consumption of more fermentable organic matter (OM) in the rumen leading to a high production of volatile fatty acids (VFA). This is observed in lactating dairy cows and animals in a feedlot. Acute acidosis occurs when there is a severe drop in the pH of the rumen. A prolonged period when pH of in rumen remains low, it leads to sub-acute ruminal acidosis (SARA), which is a temporary imbalance between acid production and absorption. An associated change of an acute increase in the ruminal osmolarity and the accumulation of glucose and lactate in its stereoisomeric forms (D-lactate and L-lactate), is observed in the rumen fluid. However, in the sub-acute form, the accumulation of lactic acid occurs in the rumen. To a great extent, these changes in the rumen are due to high concentrations of VFA. The best way to avoid problems with ruminal acidosis is an adequate supply of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in the diet, preferentially with large particle size and length to stimulate rumination and consequently greater buffering efficiency, thus maintaining the balance between pH and microorganisms in the rumen.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1916-9760 , 1916-9752
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5539/jas.v9n3p90
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Canadian Center of Science and Education
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2501913-2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Variations among animals when estimating the undegradable fraction of fiber in forage samples
    Universidade Estadual de Londrina ; 2014
    In:  Semina: Ciências Agrárias Vol. 35, No. 5 ( 2014-11-05), p. 2739-
    Details
    In: Semina: Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Vol. 35, No. 5 ( 2014-11-05), p. 2739-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1679-0359 , 1676-546X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5433/1679-0359.2014v35n5p2739
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Universidade Estadual de Londrina
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2551446-5
    SSG: 22
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Efeito da combinação de óleo de soja e monensina na dieta sobre o consumo de matéria seca e a digestão em vacas lactantes
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2005
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia Vol. 34, No. 1 ( 2005-02), p. 297-308
    Details
    In: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 34, No. 1 ( 2005-02), p. 297-308
    Abstract: Four rumen fistulated lactating dairy cows were assigned to a Latin Square (4x4), with 21 days of experimental period, being the last three days for evaluation, to evaluate the effects of the combination of soybean oil and monensin in lactating dairy cow diets on dry matter intake, total and partial digestibility of the nutrients and ruminal fermentation and microbial synthesis. The animals were assigned to a factorial arrangement (2x2): presence (4% in total DM) or absence of soybean oil and presence (33 ppm) or monensin absence and were fed diets with 55% corn silage and 45% concentrate. For evaluation of the total and partial digestibility, feces samples and omasal digesta were collected, using ADFi and Cr2O3 as markers. The oil presence reduced dry matter intake, but allowed similar TND intake. The total digestibility of nutrients was not affected by treatments. The NDF ruminal digestibility was similar in the oil presence and in the monensin presence, but it was reduced in the combination of the two. The pH, the efficiency of microbial synthesis and the total of VFA of the rumen liquor were similar among the treatments. Interaction was observed between oil and monensin for N-NH3 concentration, being verified smaller value for the diets with oil only. The proportion of acetate was reduced either in the oil presence or in the monensin presence, but in different magnitudes, as well as in the combination of the two. The propionic acid concentration increased with monensin and with oil, and butyric acid decreased with oil. Acetate:propionate ratio was reduced either in the oil presence or in the monensin presence. The synthesis of microbial protein was reduced in the oil presence and still more when oil was associated to monensin. The soybean oil and monensin combination act about the same microbial population and the sensibility to the action of the monensin it is increased in the oil presence. The limitation intake by fill rumen effect, by reduction of NDF digestibility, or by higher energy content, does not justify alone the reduction in dry matter intake in diets with soybean oil, indicating that metabolic factor can be involved.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1516-3598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982005000100034
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Rumen dynamics of neutral detergent fiber in cattle fed low-quality tropical forage and supplemented with nitrogenous compounds
    FapUNIFESP (SciELO) ; 2009
    In:  Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia Vol. 38, No. 3 ( 2009-03), p. 560-569
    Details
    In: Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, FapUNIFESP (SciELO), Vol. 38, No. 3 ( 2009-03), p. 560-569
    Abstract: Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da suplementação com compostos nitrogenados sobre a dinâmica ruminal da fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) em bovinos alimentados com forragem tropical de baixa qualidade. Foram utilizadas cinco novilhas mestiças Holandês × Zebu, com peso vivo médio inicial de 180 kg, fistuladas no rúmen. A alimentação volumosa basal dos animais foi constituída por feno de capim-praquiátia (Brachiaria decumbens Stapf) (4,86% de PB, com base na MS), fornecido à vontade. Os cinco tratamentos avaliados foram definidos de acordo com o nível de suplementação protéica (0, 2, 4, 6 e 8 pontos percentuais acima do nível de PB da forragem, utilizando-se como fonte de compostos nitrogenados mistura de uréia, sulfato de amônia e albumina, nas proporções de 4,5:0,5:1,0, respectivamente. O experimento foi constituído de cinco períodos experimentais, segundo delineamento em quadrado latino 5 × 5. Os níveis médios de PB nas dietas foram de 5,19; 7,19; 8,60; 11,67 e 13,02%, com base na MS. Verificou-se elevação linear da fração potencialmente degradável da FDN até o nível de 6,97% de PB, com platô estimado de 47,87% da FDN. A taxa de degradação da fração potencialmente degradável da FDN aumentou linearmente com os níveis de PB da dieta. O fluxo ruminal de partículas fibrosas apresentou relação linear-response-plateau, com estabelecimento do platô (máximo) em 7,24% de PB. O tempo médio de retenção no rúmen-retículo e a repleção ruminal da fração indegradável da FDN apresentaram comportamento semelhante ao fluxo ruminal de partículas fibrosas, com ponto crítico para o início do platô (mínimo) em 6,90 e 6,97% de PB, respectivamente.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1516-3598
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1590/S1516-35982009000300023
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: FapUNIFESP (SciELO)
    Publication Date: 2009
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