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  • 1
    In: Journal of Instrumentation, IOP Publishing, Vol. 17, No. 03 ( 2022-03-01), p. P03014-
    Abstract: Many measurements at the LHC require efficient identification of heavy-flavour jets, i.e. jets originating from bottom (b) or charm (c) quarks. An overview of the algorithms used to identify c jets is described and a novel method to calibrate them is presented. This new method adjusts the entire distributions of the outputs obtained when the algorithms are applied to jets of different flavours. It is based on an iterative approach exploiting three distinct control regions that are enriched with either b jets, c jets, or light-flavour and gluon jets. Results are presented in the form of correction factors evaluated using proton-proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb -1 at  √s = 13 TeV, collected by the CMS experiment in 2017. The closure of the method is tested by applying the measured correction factors on simulated data sets and checking the agreement between the adjusted simulation and collision data. Furthermore, a validation is performed by testing the method on pseudodata, which emulate various mismodelling conditions. The calibrated results enable the use of the full distributions of heavy-flavour identification algorithm outputs, e.g. as inputs to machine-learning models. Thus, they are expected to increase the sensitivity of future physics analyses.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1748-0221
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: IOP Publishing
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 2
    In: Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 101, No. 11 ( 2020-11)
    Abstract: Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non‐detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non‐governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer‐reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non‐detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio‐temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large‐scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-9658 , 1939-9170
    URL: Issue
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2020
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010140-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    In: New Media & Society, SAGE Publications, Vol. 20, No. 9 ( 2018-09), p. 3161-3182
    Abstract: Building on studies of the hybrid media system and attention economy, we develop the concept of amplification to explore how the activities of social media–based publics may enlarge the attention paid to a given person or message. We apply the concept to the 2016 US election, asking who constituted Donald Trump’s enormous Twitter following and how that following contributed to his success at attracting attention, including from the mainstream press. Using spectral clustering based on social network similarity, we identify key publics that constituted Trump’s Twitter following and demonstrate how particular publics amplified his social media presence in different ways. Our discussion raises questions about how algorithms “read” metrics to guide content on social media platforms, how journalists draw on social media metrics in their determinations of news value and worthiness, and how the process of amplification relates to possibilities of citizen action through digital communication.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1461-4448 , 1461-7315
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    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2018
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2684519-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016312-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2686704-7
    SSG: 24,1
    SSG: 3,4
    SSG: 3,5
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Institute of Mathematical Statistics ; 2011
    In:  The Annals of Statistics Vol. 39, No. 4 ( 2011-8-1)
    In: The Annals of Statistics, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, Vol. 39, No. 4 ( 2011-8-1)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0090-5364
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Institute of Mathematical Statistics
    Publication Date: 2011
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1476670-X
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology Vol. 85, No. 4 ( 2023-09-29), p. 1037-1060
    In: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 85, No. 4 ( 2023-09-29), p. 1037-1060
    Abstract: In the 1930s, Psychologists began developing Multiple-Factor Analysis to decompose multivariate data into a small number of interpretable factors without any a priori knowledge about those factors. In this form of factor analysis, the Varimax factor rotation redraws the axes through the multi-dimensional factors to make them sparse and thus make them more interpretable. Charles Spearman and many others objected to factor rotations because the factors seem to be rotationally invariant. Despite the controversy, factor rotations have remained widely popular among people analyzing data. Reversing nearly a century of statistical thinking on the topic, we show that the rotation makes the factors easier to interpret because the Varimax performs statistical inference; in particular, principal components analysis (PCA) with a Varimax rotation provides a unified spectral estimation strategy for a broad class of semi-parametric factor models, including the Stochastic Blockmodel and a natural variation of Latent Dirichlet Allocation. In addition, we show that Thurstone’s widely employed sparsity diagnostics implicitly assess a key leptokurtic condition that makes the axes statistically identifiable in these models. PCA with Varimax is fast, stable, and practical. Combined with Thurstone’s straightforward diagnostics, this vintage approach is suitable for a wide array of modern applications.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1369-7412 , 1467-9868
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 204795-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490719-7
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology Vol. 85, No. 4 ( 2023-09-29), p. 1094-1098
    In: Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 85, No. 4 ( 2023-09-29), p. 1094-1098
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1369-7412 , 1467-9868
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 204795-0
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1490719-7
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Walter de Gruyter GmbH ; 1976
    In:  Zeitschrift für Soziologie Vol. 5, No. 4 ( 1976-8-1), p. 309-318
    In: Zeitschrift für Soziologie, Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Vol. 5, No. 4 ( 1976-8-1), p. 309-318
    Abstract: Die Autoren argumentieren, daß unter den Bedingungen industrieller Ballung die sozialräumlichen Bedarfsstrukturen nur verzerrt und verkürzt dargestellt und vertreten werden können. Eine der Ursachen dafür ist darin zu sehen, daß seitens der Bevölkerung „Gratifikationen“ primär im Bereich der personal zu- und verrechenbaren Zuweisungen (Lohn, Einkommen) gesucht und demgemäß die Vernachlässigung sozialökologischer Aufgaben zugunsten sozialökonomischer Prioritätensetzungen als zweckrationales politisches Verhalten der im Wettbewerb um Massenloyalität stehenden politisch-administrativen Zentralen interpretiert werden kann. Hinzu kommt, daß sozialökonomische Interessen - und nur sie - schlagkräftig organisiert und organisierbar sind und deshalb einen selbstverständlichen Durchsetzungsvorsprung besitzen. Reflektiert man Möglichkeiten und Voraussetzungen einer politischen Gegensteuerung, fällt der Blick zwangsläufig auf politische und gesellschaftliche Vorgänge, bei denen die Artikulation und Vertretung raumbezogener Interessen offenbar durch Rückgriffe auf „ältere“ Strukturen lokaler und korporativer Verbundenheit erleichtert und stabilisiert wird. Traditionelle Strukturen und Orientierungen, die mit der Bezeichnung parochial erfaßt werden sollen, können also zu wichtigen Kristallisationskernen sozialräumlicher Interessenwahrnehmung werden. Ein besonderes Dilemma industrieller Ballungsräume scheint jedoch darin zu liegen, daß in ihnen diese Möglichkeit kaum besteht, weil die parochiale Komponente politischer Kultur tendentiell eliminiert ist, ohne daß funktionale Äquivalente sichtbar werden.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2366-0325 , 0340-1804
    Language: English
    Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH
    Publication Date: 1976
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2546312-3
    SSG: 2,1
    SSG: 3,4
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Statistica Sinica (Institute of Statistical Science) ; 2014
    In:  statistica Sinica ( 2014)
    In: statistica Sinica, Statistica Sinica (Institute of Statistical Science), ( 2014)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1017-0405
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Statistica Sinica (Institute of Statistical Science)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1106064-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2037676-5
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Institute of Mathematical Statistics ; 2015
    In:  Electronic Journal of Statistics Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2015-1-1)
    In: Electronic Journal of Statistics, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, Vol. 9, No. 1 ( 2015-1-1)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1935-7524
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Institute of Mathematical Statistics
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2381001-4
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2016
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 113, No. 45 ( 2016-11-08), p. 12679-12684
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 113, No. 45 ( 2016-11-08), p. 12679-12684
    Abstract: In directed graphs, relationships are asymmetric and these asymmetries contain essential structural information about the graph. Directed relationships lead to a new type of clustering that is not feasible in undirected graphs. We propose a spectral co-clustering algorithm called di-sim for asymmetry discovery and directional clustering. A Stochastic co-Blockmodel is introduced to show favorable properties of di-sim . To account for the sparse and highly heterogeneous nature of directed networks, di-sim uses the regularized graph Laplacian and projects the rows of the eigenvector matrix onto the sphere. A nodewise asymmetry score and di-sim are used to analyze the clustering asymmetries in the networks of Enron emails, political blogs, and the Caenorhabditis elegans chemical connectome. In each example, a subset of nodes have clustering asymmetries; these nodes send edges to one cluster, but receive edges from another cluster. Such nodes yield insightful information (e.g., communication bottlenecks) about directed networks, but are missed if the analysis ignores edge direction.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
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    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
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    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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