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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Induction of domoic acid production in diatoms—Types of grazers and diatoms are important
    Elsevier BV ; 2018
    In:  Harmful Algae Vol. 79 ( 2018-11), p. 64-73
    Details
    In: Harmful Algae, Elsevier BV, Vol. 79 ( 2018-11), p. 64-73
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1568-9883
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.06.005
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2099362-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
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    Pharmacists’ and older adults’ perspectives on the benefits and barriers of Home Medicines Reviews – a qualitative study
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  Journal of Health Services Research & Policy Vol. 25, No. 2 ( 2020-04), p. 77-85
    Details
    In: Journal of Health Services Research & Policy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 25, No. 2 ( 2020-04), p. 77-85
    Abstract: Conducting a medication review is one way to optimize medications and support older people to reduce the burden of polypharmacy. In Australia, a service called a Home Medicines Review (HMR) is conducted by pharmacists as part of a nationally funded program. HMRs aim to identify and resolve problems associated with polypharmacy and improve collaboration between patient, pharmacist and general practitioner. The aim of this study was to explore the benefits of and barriers to HMRs from the perspective of older patients and pharmacists. Methods This qualitative study involved observations of HMRs ( n = 12) and telephone interviews with 32 participants including 11 accredited pharmacists, 17 older adults aged 65 years and above, with 4 of their companions, in Australia. The researcher observing took notes during the HMR and added more detail and reflections afterwards. Transcribed audio-recordings and observational notes were thematically coded using framework analysis. Results Older patients and their companions found the HMR useful and they appreciated the opportunity to learn more about their medicines. However, many did not understand the purpose of the HMR, had limited understanding about their medicines and some did not want to know more. Pharmacists found HMRs useful for identifying medication errors and improving adherence. They also reported barriers to effective HMRs relating to patients (resistance to the evaluation of their medicines, misunderstanding about the aim of the HMR) and GPs (limited information upon referral, and limited follow-up afterwards). Conclusions Older patients and pharmacists reported a range of benefits for HMRs in terms of optimizing medicines use. Barriers to effective HMR use need to be addressed, including gaps in inter-professional communication and factors related to patient involvement, such as limited medicines understanding and health literacy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1355-8196 , 1758-1060
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1177/1355819619858632
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2039416-0
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  • 3
    Online Resource
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    Table_2.docx
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2022
    In:  Frontiers in Marine Science Vol. 9 ( 2022-4-7)
    Details
    In: Frontiers in Marine Science, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2022-4-7)
    Abstract: Phytoplankton induce defensive traits in response to chemical alarm signals from grazing zooplankton. However, these signals are potentially vulnerable to changes in pH and it is not yet known how predator recognition may be affected by ocean acidification. We exposed four species of diatoms and one toxic dinoflagellate to future p CO 2 levels, projected by the turn of the century, in factorial combinations with predatory cues from copepods (copepodamides). We measured the change in growth, chain length, silica content, and toxin content. Effects of increased p CO 2 were highly species specific. The induction of defensive traits was accompanied by a significant reduction in growth rate in three out of five species. The reduction averaged 39% and we interpret this as an allocation cost associated with defensive traits. Copepodamides induced significant chain length reduction in three of the four diatom species. Under elevated p CO 2 Skeletonema marinoi reduced silica content by 30% and in Alexandrium minutum the toxin content was reduced by 30%. Using copepodamides to induce defensive traits in the absence of direct grazing provides a straightforward methodology to assess costs of defense in microplankton. We conclude that copepodamide signalling system is likely robust to ocean acidification. Moreover, the variable responses of different taxa to ocean acidification suggest that there will be winners and losers in a high p CO 2 world, and that ocean acidification may have structuring effects on phytoplankton communities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-7745
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.875858
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.875858.s001
    DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2022.875858.s002
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2757748-X
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  • 4
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    Supporting conversations about medicines and deprescribing: GPs’ perspectives on a Medicines Conversation Guide
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2023
    In:  International Journal of Pharmacy Practice Vol. 31, No. 1 ( 2023-03-13), p. 102-105
    Details
    In: International Journal of Pharmacy Practice, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 31, No. 1 ( 2023-03-13), p. 102-105
    Abstract: To explore GP perspectives on a Medicines Conversation Guide to support deprescribing communication. Methods Semistructured interviews with GPs from Australia (n = 32). Participants were purposively sampled with varying experiences and locations. Transcribed audio recordings of interviews were coded using framework analysis. Key findings Most GPs stated they would use the Guide in consultation with an older patient to discuss medications. The strengths of the Guide included empowering the patient voice on an important topic. Limitations included time and complex concepts. Conclusions Overall, the Medicines Conversation Guide was perceived by GPs to be a useful communication tool to support discussions about deprescribing with patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0961-7671 , 2042-7174
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riac088
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2122383-X
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 5
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    The role of older patients’ goals in GP decision-making about medicines: a qualitative study
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  BMC Family Practice Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Details
    In: BMC Family Practice, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 22, No. 1 ( 2021-12)
    Abstract: To optimise medication use in older people, it is recommended that clinicians evaluate evidence on potential benefits and harms of medicines in light of the patients’ overall health, values and goals. This suggests general practitioners (GPs) should attempt to facilitate patient involvement in decision-making. In practice this is often challenging. In this qualitative study, we explored GPs’ perspectives on the importance of discussing patients’ goals and preferences, and the role patient preferences play in medicines management and prioritisation. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with GPs from Australia ( n  = 32). Participants were purposively sampled to recruit GPs with variation in experience level and geographic location. Transcribed audio-recordings of interviews were coded using Framework Analysis. Results The results showed that most GPs recognised some value in understanding older patients’ goals and preferences regarding their medicines. Most reported some discussions of goals and preferences with patients, but often this was initiated by the patient. Practical barriers were reported such as limited time during busy consultations to discuss issues beyond acute problems. GPs differed on the following main themes: 1) definition and perception of patients’ goals, 2) relationship with the patient, 3) approach to medicines management and prioritisation. We observed that GPs preferred one of three different practice patterns in their approach to patients’ goals in medicines decisions: 1) goals and preferences considered lower priority – ‘Directive’; 2) goals seen as central – ‘Goal-oriented’; 3) goals and preferences considered but not explicitly elicited – ‘Tacit’. Conclusions This study explores how GPs differ in their approach to eliciting patients’ goals and preferences, and how these differences are operationalised in the context of older adults taking multiple medicines. Although there are challenges in providing care that aligns with patients’ goals and preferences, this study shows how complex decisions are made between GPs and their older patients in clinical practice. This work may inform future research that investigates how GPs can best incorporate the priorities of older people in decision-making around medicines. Developing practical support strategies may assist clinicians to involve patients in discussions about their medicines.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1471-2296
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s12875-020-01347-y
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2041495-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3107315-3
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  • 6
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    Wrasse fishery on the Swedish West Coast: towards ecosystem-based management
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2021
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 78, No. 4 ( 2021-08-20), p. 1386-1397
    Details
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 78, No. 4 ( 2021-08-20), p. 1386-1397
    Abstract: Fishing and translocation of marine species for use in aquaculture is widespread. Corkwing, goldsinny, and ballan wrasse (Symphodus melops, Ctenolabrus rupestris, and Labrus bergylta) are fished on the Swedish west coast for use as cleaner-fish in Norwegian salmon farms. Here, we aim to provide knowledge and recommendations to support ecosystem-based management for wrasse fisheries in Sweden. We compared fished and non-fished areas to test if current fishery levels have led to stock depletion. To gain insight on the role of wrasse in the algal belt trophic chain, we analysed the gut contents of goldsinny and corkwing using metabarcoding. Finally, we analysed the trophic interactions of wrasse and potential prey in a mesocosm study. We could not detect any signs of stock depletion or altered size structure in fished areas compared to the protected control area. Gut analyses confirmed both goldsinny and corkwing as non-specialized, omnivorous opportunists and revealed, with 189 prey taxa detected, a broader spectrum of prey than previously known. Common prey items included mesoherbivores such as small gastropods and crustaceans, but also insects and algae. We conclude that there are no visible signs of stock depletion at the current removal level of wrasses by the fishery. However, this emerging fishery should be closely monitored for potential cascading effects on the algal belt ecosystem, and our study could provide a baseline for future monitoring.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1054-3139 , 1095-9289
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsaa249
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2463178-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 29056-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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  • 7
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    Predatory cues drive colony size reduction in marine diatoms
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Ecology and Evolution Vol. 11, No. 16 ( 2021-08), p. 11020-11027
    Details
    In: Ecology and Evolution, Wiley, Vol. 11, No. 16 ( 2021-08), p. 11020-11027
    Abstract: Colony formation is a common feature among nonmotile marine phytoplankton. Several theories exist around the potential benefits of larger colonies. Here, we test the hypothesis that predation is one of the drivers behind colony formation and chain length plasticity. We exposed cultures of Thalassiosira rotula , Chaetoceros curvisetus , and Chaetoceros affinis to copepodamides, a chemical alarm cue released by copepods and perceived as an indicator of predation threat by their prey. This was coupled with a grazing experiment, which compared copepod grazing rates on different chain lengths. Our results show that T. rotula and C. curvisetus decreased their chain lengths by 79% and 49%, respectively, in response to copepodamides. Single cells and short chains were grazed at lower rates compared with long chains, and the copepodamide‐driven size shift led to 30% and 12% lower grazing in T. rotula and C. curvisetus , respectively. In contrast, C. affinis showed a slight increased chain length in response to copepodamides although nonsignificant. We found that 2 of 3 studied species reduce their chain length in response to the presence of copepod grazers. Altered size structure has implications for the route of carbon in the marine food webs and carbon export to deeper strata.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-7758 , 2045-7758
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.v11.16
    DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7890
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2635675-2
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  • 8
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    Pharmacists and patients sharing decisions about medicines: Development and feasibility of a conversation guide
    Elsevier BV ; 2019
    In:  Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2019-06), p. 682-690
    Details
    In: Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, Elsevier BV, Vol. 15, No. 6 ( 2019-06), p. 682-690
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1551-7411
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.08.009
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2192059-X
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 9
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    Effects of predator lipids on dinoflagellate defence mechanisms - increased bioluminescence capacity
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2017
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2017-10-12)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 7, No. 1 ( 2017-10-12)
    Abstract: Short flashes of blue light (bioluminescence) from dinoflagellates can reduce copepod grazing of light-emitting cells. Other protective strategies against grazing are toxicity, reduced cell chain length and altered swimming patterns in different phytoplankton. Both toxicity and bioluminescence capacity in dinoflagellates decrease in copepod-free cultures, but toxin production can be restored in response to chemical alarm signals from copepods, copepodamides. Here we show that strains of the dinoflagellates Lingulodinium polyedra and Alexandrium tamarense , kept in culture for 14 and 9 years respectively, are capable of increasing their total bioluminescence capacity in response to copepodamides. The luminescence response to mechanical stimulation with air bubbles also increases significantly in L. polyedra after exposure to copepodamides. Effects on size, swimming speed and rate of change of direction in L. polyedra and A. tamarense were not detected, suggesting that post-encounter mechanisms such as bioluminescence and toxin production may constitute the dominating line of defence in these taxa. To our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence of changes in bioluminescence physiology as a response to chemical cues from natural enemies and emphasizes the importance of bioluminescence as an anti-grazing strategy.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13293-4
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 10
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    Home medicines reviews: a qualitative study of GPs' experiences
    CSIRO Publishing ; 2020
    In:  Australian Journal of Primary Health Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2020), p. 24-
    Details
    In: Australian Journal of Primary Health, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 26, No. 1 ( 2020), p. 24-
    Abstract: This qualitative study explored GPs’ experiences with pharmacist-led home medicines reviews (HMRs) and the barriers and facilitators to GPs using HMRs to optimise medicines for older people. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 32 GPs Australia-wide. Purposeful sampling was undertaken to obtain a representative group in terms of age, gender and location. Data were analysed using framework analysis. Overall, GPs found HMRs useful for educating patients about their medicines, improving adherence and understanding the patient’s home environment. Barriers to effective use of HMRs included patient resistance to having medicines reviewed and limited access to HMRs in regional or rural areas. GPs differed in the extent and way they use HMRs. One group found HMRs very useful, wanted more access to HMRs and reported frequent interactions with pharmacists. A second group was ambivalent, and perceived HMRs could be useful but had limitations in what they can achieve. A third group was sceptical, and reported HMRs rarely provide new insights, and recommendations were not clinically relevant to patients. Understanding GPs’ expectations and preferences through interprofessional communication and partnerships are ways to address these barriers. Future improvements to the HMR program may include incentives and resources that promote collaboration between GPs and pharmacists.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1448-7527
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1071/PY19072
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 2020
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