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  • 1
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    Online Resource
    On the late northward propagation of the West African monsoon in summer 2006 in the region of Niger/Mali
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2009
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research Vol. 114, No. D9 ( 2009-05-13)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 114, No. D9 ( 2009-05-13)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2008JD011159
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2009
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  • 2
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    ESA’s Space-Based Doppler Wind Lidar Mission Aeolus – First Wind and Aerosol Product Assessment Results
    EDP Sciences ; 2020
    In:  EPJ Web of Conferences Vol. 237 ( 2020), p. 01007-
    Details
    In: EPJ Web of Conferences, EDP Sciences, Vol. 237 ( 2020), p. 01007-
    Abstract: The European Space Agency (ESA) wind mission, Aeolus, hosts the first space-based Doppler Wind Lidar (DWL) world-wide. The primary mission objective is to demonstrate the DWL technique for measuring wind profiles from space, intended for assimilation in Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models. The wind observations will also be used to advance atmospheric dynamics research and for evaluation of climate models. Mission spin-off products are profiles of cloud and aerosol optical properties. Aeolus was launched on 22 August 2018, and the Atmospheric LAser Doppler INstrument (Aladin) instrument switch-on was completed with first high energy output in wind mode on 4 September 2018 [1], [2] . The on-ground data processing facility worked excellent, allowing L2 product output in near-real-time from the start of the mission. First results from the wind profile product (L2B) assessment show that the winds are of very high quality, with random errors in the free Troposphere within (cloud/aerosol backscatter winds: 2.1 m/s) and larger (molecular backscatter winds: 4.3 m/s) than the requirements (2.5 m/s), but still allowing significant positive impact in first preliminary NWP impact experiments. The higher than expected random errors at the time of writing are amongst others due to a lower instrument out-and input photon budget than designed. The instrument calibration is working well, and some of the data processing steps are currently being refined to allow to fully correct instrument alignment related drifts and elevated detector dark currents causing biases in the first data product version. The optical properties spin-off product (L2A) is being compared e.g. to NWP model clouds, air quality model forecasts, and collocated ground-based observations. Features including optically thick and thin particle and hydrometeor layers are clearly identified and are being validated.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2100-014X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202023701007
    Language: English
    Publisher: EDP Sciences
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 3
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    Investigations of boundary layer structure, cloud characteristics and vertical mixing of aerosols at Barbados with large eddy simulations
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2016
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 16, No. 2 ( 2016-01-21), p. 651-674
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 16, No. 2 ( 2016-01-21), p. 651-674
    Abstract: Abstract. Large eddy simulations (LESs) are performed for the area of the Caribbean island Barbados to investigate island effects on boundary layer modification, cloud generation and vertical mixing of aerosols. Due to the presence of a topographically structured island surface in the domain center, the model setup has to be designed with open lateral boundaries. In order to generate inflow turbulence consistent with the upstream marine boundary layer forcing, we use the cell perturbation method based on finite amplitude potential temperature perturbations. In this work, this method is for the first time tested and validated for moist boundary layer simulations with open lateral boundary conditions. Observational data obtained from the SALTRACE field campaign is used for both model initialization and a comparison with Doppler wind and Raman lidar data. Several numerical sensitivity tests are carried out to demonstrate the problems related to “gray zone modeling” when using coarser spatial grid spacings beyond the inertial subrange of three-dimensional turbulence or when the turbulent marine boundary layer flow is replaced by laminar winds. Especially cloud properties in the downwind area west of Barbados are markedly affected in these kinds of simulations. Results of an additional simulation with a strong trade-wind inversion reveal its effect on cloud layer depth and location. Saharan dust layers that reach Barbados via long-range transport over the North Atlantic are included as passive tracers in the model. Effects of layer thinning, subsidence and turbulent downward transport near the layer bottom at z ≈ 1800 m become apparent. The exact position of these layers and strength of downward mixing is found to be mainly controlled atmospheric stability (especially inversion strength) and wind shear. Comparisons of LES model output with wind lidar data show similarities in the downwind vertical wind structure. Additionally, the model results accurately reproduce the development of the daytime convective boundary layer measured by the Raman lidar.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-651-2016
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 4
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    The Saharan Aerosol Long-Range Transport and Aerosol–Cloud-Interaction Experiment: Overview and Selected Highlights
    American Meteorological Society ; 2017
    In:  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Vol. 98, No. 7 ( 2017-07-01), p. 1427-1451
    Details
    In: Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 98, No. 7 ( 2017-07-01), p. 1427-1451
    Abstract: North Africa is the world’s largest source of dust, a large part of which is transported across the Atlantic to the Caribbean and beyond where it can impact radiation and clouds. Many aspects of this transport and its climate effects remain speculative. The Saharan Aerosol Long-Range Transport and Aerosol–Cloud-Interaction Experiment (SALTRACE; www.pa.op.dlr.de/saltrace) linked ground-based and airborne measurements with remote sensing and modeling techniques to address these issues in a program that took place in 2013/14. Specific objectives were to 1) characterize the chemical, microphysical, and optical properties of dust in the Caribbean, 2) quantify the impact of physical and chemical changes (“aging”) on the radiation budget and cloud microphysical processes, 3) investigate the meteorological context of transatlantic dust transport, and 4) assess the roles of removal processes during transport. SALTRACE was a German-led initiative involving scientists from Europe, Cabo Verde, the Caribbean, and the United States. The Falcon research aircraft of the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), equipped with a comprehensive aerosol and wind lidar payload, played a central role. Several major dust outbreaks were studied with 86 h of flight time under different conditions, making it by far the most extensive investigation on long-range transported dust ever made. This article presents an overview of SALTRACE and highlights selected results including data from transatlantic flights in coherent air masses separated by more than 4,000-km distance that enabled measurements of transport effects on dust properties. SALTRACE will improve our knowledge on the role of mineral dust in the climate system and provide data for studies on dust interactions with clouds, radiation, and health.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-0007 , 1520-0477
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00142.1
    DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-15-00142.2
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2017
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  • 5
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    Multi-scale analysis of a straight jet streak using numerical analyses and an airborne Doppler lidar : MULTI-SCALE ANALYSIS OF A HIGH ALTITUDE JET STREAK
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2003
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 30, No. 2 ( 2003-01)
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 30, No. 2 ( 2003-01)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2001GL014040
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2003
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  • 6
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    Performance assessment of a volcanic ash transport model mini-ensemble used for inverse modeling of the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption : EYJAFJALLAJÖKULL ASH TRANSPORT MODELING
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2012
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 117, No. D20 ( 2012-10-27)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 117, No. D20 ( 2012-10-27)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2011JD016844
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2012
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  • 7
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    Summer mistral at the exit of the Rhône valley
    Wiley ; 2005
    In:  Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society Vol. 131, No. 605 ( 2005-01-01), p. 353-375
    Details
    In: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Wiley, Vol. 131, No. 605 ( 2005-01-01), p. 353-375
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0035-9009 , 1477-870X
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1256/qj.04.63
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 7650
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2005
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  • 8
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    Structure and dynamics of the Saharan atmospheric boundary layer during the West African monsoon onset: observations and analyses from the research flights of 14 and 17 July 2006
    Wiley ; 2010
    In:  Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society Vol. 136, No. S1 ( 2010-01), p. 107-124
    Details
    In: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, Wiley, Vol. 136, No. S1 ( 2010-01), p. 107-124
    Abstract: This paper presents the results of co‐ordinated research flights over the Saharan heat‐low, conducted during July 2006 as part of the African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) Special Observing Periods. The flights consisted of a morning transect on 14 July 2006 with the Falcon F20 aircraft of the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft‐ und Raumfahrt (DLR), using the Doppler lidar WIND to observe the tropospheric winds, followed by an afternoon flight on 17 July with the BAe146 aircraft of the Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) releasing a curtain of 16 dropsondes. Measurements from radiosondes at the Algerian stations of Tamanrasset and In Salah, as well as the CALIPSO spaceborne lidar, are analysed also. It is shown that the daytime Saharan atmospheric boundary layer exhibits a remarkable split structure, with a well‐mixed convective layer lying beneath a residual layer whose dynamics appear to be more nearly laminar. Observations from Saharan radiosonde stations confirm that the Saharan residual boundary layer is, on some days, a persistent rather than a transient feature, and that on occasion the residual layer can last right through the day. The broad features of the Saharan heat‐low thermodynamics and winds are successfully captured by the ECMWF operational analyses and the discrepancies are quantified here. The lidar winds of 14 July confirm that the analysis represents the main airflows accurately, apart from the zone to the southeast of a mid‐level trough, for which the southerly component of winds was underestimated by some 8 m s −1 . On 17 July, the strengths of both the southwesterly monsoon and the northeasterly Harmattan winds were slightly underestimated also. The region of maximum boundary‐layer temperature over the desert was around 1 degree too far north, and too broad in the analysis, while the equivalent potential temperature in the Saharan convective boundary layer was around 2 K lower than observed. The near‐saturated layer observed at the top of the Saharan atmospheric boundary layer was underestimated also in the analysis, in horizontal extent and altitude. The intertropical front of 17 July was coincident with strong surface contrasts in vegetation and fluxes. On each study day the intertropical front in the analyses was around 1 degree further north than observed. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0035-9009 , 1477-870X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.v136.1s
    DOI: 10.1002/qj.469
    RVK:
    UA 1000
    RVK:
    UA 7650
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2010
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  • 9
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    Regional transport and dilution during high‐pollution episodes in southern France: Summary of findings from the Field Experiment to Constraint Models of Atmospheric Pollution and Emissions Transport (ESCOMPTE)
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2007
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 112, No. D13 ( 2007-07-16)
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 112, No. D13 ( 2007-07-16)
    Abstract: In the French Mediterranean basin the large city of Marseille and its industrialized suburbs (oil plants in the Fos‐Berre area) are major pollutant sources that cause frequent and hazardous pollution episodes, especially in summer when intense solar heating enhances the photochemical activity and when the sea breeze circulation redistributes pollutants farther north in the countryside. This paper summarizes the findings of 5 years of research on the sea breeze in southern France and related mesoscale transport and dilution of pollutants within the Field Experiment to Constraint Models of Atmospheric Pollution and Emissions Transport (ESCOMPTE) program held in June and July 2001. This paper provides an overview of the experimental and numerical challenges identified before the ESCOMPTE field experiment and summarizes the key findings made in observation, simulation, and theory. We specifically address the role of large‐scale atmospheric circulation to local ozone vertical distribution and the mesoscale processes driving horizontal advection of pollutants and vertical transport and mixing via entrainment at the top of the sea breeze or at the front and venting along the sloped terrain. The crucial importance of the interactions between processes of various spatial and temporal scales is thus highlighted. The advances in numerical modeling and forecasting of sea breeze events and ozone pollution episodes in southern France are also underlined. Finally, we conclude and point out some open research questions needing further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2006JD007494
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2007
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    SSG: 16,13
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  • 10
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    The Alpine Mountain–Plain Circulation: Airborne Doppler Lidar Measurements and Numerical Simulations
    American Meteorological Society ; 2005
    In:  Monthly Weather Review Vol. 133, No. 11 ( 2005-11-01), p. 3095-3109
    Details
    In: Monthly Weather Review, American Meteorological Society, Vol. 133, No. 11 ( 2005-11-01), p. 3095-3109
    Abstract: On summer days radiative heating of the Alps produces rising air above the mountains and a resulting inflow of air from the foreland. This leads to a horizontal transport of air from the foreland to the Alps, and a vertical transport from the boundary layer into the free troposphere above the mountains. The structure and the transports of this mountain–plain circulation in southern Germany (“Alpine pumping”) were investigated using an airborne 2-μm scanning Doppler lidar, a wind-temperature radar, dropsondes, rawinsondes, and numerical models. The measurements were part of the Vertical Transport and Orography (VERTIKATOR) campaign in summer 2002. Comparisons of dropsonde and lidar data proved that the lidar is capable of measuring the wind direction and wind speed of this weak flow toward the Alps (1–4 m s−1). The flow was up to 1500 m deep, and it extended ∼80 km into the Alpine foreland. Lidar data are volume measurements (horizontal resolution ∼5 km, vertical resolution 100 m). Therefore, they are ideal for the investigation of the flow structure and the comparison to numerical models. Even the vertical velocities measured by the lidar agreed with the mass budget calculations in terms of both sign and magnitude. The numerical simulations with the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) (mesh size 2 and 6 km) and the Local Model (LM) of the German Weather Service (mesh size 2.8 and 7 km) reproduced the general flow structure and the mass fluxes toward the Alps within 86%–144% of the observations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1520-0493 , 0027-0644
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1175/MWR3012.1
    RVK:
    RA 1000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Meteorological Society
    Publication Date: 2005
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