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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Precision Agriculture Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2022-12), p. 2063-2088
    In: Precision Agriculture, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 23, No. 6 ( 2022-12), p. 2063-2088
    Abstract: A growing and promising sector of precision agriculture is the site-specific application of pesticides, having a high potential for reductions in pesticide use. Within the research project ‘AssSys’, site-specific pesticide applications with a direct injection sprayer system and an automatic application assistant were evaluated economically with respect to herbicide and fungicide applications. The application assistant aims to support farmers in decision-making and implementation of site-specific pesticide applications either in the planning stage or as ex-post analysis. The economic assessment was based on field trials and scenario analysis referring to a model farm. The field trials were conducted in 2018 and 2019 in northern Germany. In the scenario analysis, two site-specific application scenarios were compared to conventional uniform treatment (100% of the field area). Weed monitoring was conducted as (1) standard procedure according to integrated pest management, (2) camera-based and (3) drone-based in the field trials. The pesticide application costs include pesticide costs, labour and machine costs of monitoring and pesticide applications. Investment costs of the necessary technical equipment for site-specific applications were included as annual labour and machine costs. As a major key performance indicator of partial budgeting at field level, extended gross margins were calculated. The economic scenario analysis showed pesticide application cost savings from 26 to 66% for site-specific applications compared to conventional applications. The average extended gross margin for site-specific applications of 787 € ha −1 compared to 631 € ha −1 for conventional application showed a clear economic advantage of the site-specific application scenarios. Site-specific pesticide applications can support farmers in implementing precise, sustainable and economically beneficial pesticide management. The technology presented may contribute to meet the goals of the European Green Deal to reduce use and risks of pesticides.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1385-2256 , 1573-1618
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2016333-2
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oxford University Press (OUP) ; 2016
    In:  ICES Journal of Marine Science Vol. 73, No. 4 ( 2016-03-01), p. 991-1003
    In: ICES Journal of Marine Science, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 73, No. 4 ( 2016-03-01), p. 991-1003
    Abstract: Economic valuation of marine ecosystem services in the Baltic Sea region has gained importance, as policy-makers are recognizing their decline and focusing on achieving good environmental status there in terms of, for example, reduced eutrophication. Parallel with this development, several initiatives have been launched, leading to a large number of economic valuation studies. However, current research indicates that neither a common approach to classifying ecosystem services nor a widely accepted methodological framework for assessing their economic value exist yet. This paper seeks to shed light on the current state of the economic valuation of ecosystem services provided by the Baltic Sea through reviewing all currently available empirical studies on the topic. The results indicate that only a few ecosystem services, including recreation and reduction of eutrophication, have been extensively monetarily valued, and still lack cross-study methodological consistency, while many other marine ecosystem services have rarely or never been valued with economic methods. The paper concludes that existing economic valuation studies provide only limited practical guidance for policy-makers intending to improve the environmental status of the Baltic Sea. There is a need for more widely shared agreement on the systematic nature of marine and coastal ecosystem services and especially on a coherent methodological framework for assessing their economic value.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1095-9289 , 1054-3139
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2463178-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1468003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 29056-7
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 21,3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pensoft Publishers ; 2016
    In:  NeoBiota Vol. 31 ( 2016-09-14), p. 19-41
    In: NeoBiota, Pensoft Publishers, Vol. 31 ( 2016-09-14), p. 19-41
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1314-2488 , 1619-0033
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Pensoft Publishers
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2628537-X
    SSG: 21
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  • 4
    In: European Journal of Plant Pathology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 165, No. 2 ( 2023-02), p. 363-383
    Abstract: The presence of foliar pathogens often leads to yield losses in winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), the most important crop in Germany. In this study the efficacy of different host resistance levels of eight wheat cultivars and three fungicide strategies on fungal disease control was studied in terms of yield and net return in field trials at five sites over three crop years. Fungicide treatments included a situation-related strategy in which cultivars were treated individually based on disease control thresholds, a practice-related strategy in which all cultivars were treated after disease thresholds had been exceeded in one cultivar, and an untreated control. Disease severity and incidence differed between cultivars and were reduced by fungicide treatments compared to the untreated control. On average over all locations and years, the Fungicide Treatment Frequency Index (TFI) of all cultivars treated with the situation-related strategy was significantly lower than those treated with the practice-related strategy, except the highly susceptible cultivar JB Asano. A reduction of the TFI by up to 82% was possible in the situation-related strategy. Despite slightly increased yields in the practice-related strategy compared to the situation-related strategy, these could not compensate for the higher fungicide costs in most cases and led to lower net returns. The cultivars with multi-disease resistance showed clear advantages. Their potential benefits are not only demonstrated by the attainment of high yields, but also in fungicide savings without reducing net returns, provided that their disease resistance characteristics are taken into account.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0929-1873 , 1573-8469
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477679-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    CSIRO Publishing ; 2013
    In:  The Rangeland Journal Vol. 35, No. 4 ( 2013), p. 435-
    In: The Rangeland Journal, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 35, No. 4 ( 2013), p. 435-
    Abstract: Rangeland depletion is a persistent problem in many developing countries and is often a result of inappropriate management activities such as overstocking, particularly in the regions of West Asia and North Africa (WANA). To convert to a sustainable system of range management, programs aimed at improving rangeland condition, such as range management or livestock development plans, which are mainly based on the range succession model, have been developed and implemented by several governments. A primary objective of these programs is to maintain stocking rates at a sustainable level. However, in many cases, rangeland users’ ignorance of socioeconomic factors has caused ineffectual implementation and thus a reduction in the effectiveness of these programs overall. In this study, a survey was conducted on rangeland communities in central northern Iran where the livestock population is 15% above the proposed carrying capacity 20 years after the inception of the Range Management Plan (RMP). The focus of this study was to investigate reasons that the RMP has not been successful, from the perspective of the rangeland holders. The data were collected using open-ended interviews. The data analysis indicated that the primary barriers to the successful implementation of the RMP are quite well matched with the description of the ‘diffusion of innovations’ theory. The three characteristics of the RMP innovation, including the lack of high relative advantages, incompatible structure of the RMP with the traditional rules, and lack of observability of short-term benefits from the RMP, were realised as the main barriers to the success of the RMP adoption. An additional concern for the rangeland holders was drought, which they felt was not adequately addressed or dealt with in the RMP. Lastly, the government’s failure to fulfil the initial commitments of the RMP, for instance financial supports, has resulted in a loss of confidence of rangeland holders in the enforcement agency and governmental policies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1036-9872
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 2013
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Oekom Publishers GmbH ; 2010
    In:  GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society Vol. 19, No. 2 ( 2010-06-14), p. 114-121
    In: GAIA - Ecological Perspectives for Science and Society, Oekom Publishers GmbH, Vol. 19, No. 2 ( 2010-06-14), p. 114-121
    Abstract: According to the German Advisory Council on Global Change, the so-called Pythia and Pandora risk types pose particular challen ges to environmental management due to their potentially catas trophic nature. At present, neither their damage potential nor their probability distribution can be estimated. Fortunately, there is evidence that a partial protection against such risks is possible. The respective measures focus on maintaining biological diversity and fundamental ecosystem functions. However, there is no economically quantified information on the amount of societal resources that should be committed to such a protection against ecological risks. We outline the fundamentals of ecological risk precaution strategies in the face of a highly uncertain future, and provide an empirical estimation of the population's willingness to pay for these strategies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0940-5550
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oekom Publishers GmbH
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2901363-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2111556-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1114994-2
    SSG: 14
    SSG: 5,21
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