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  • 1
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    Ground based millimeter-wave observations of Arctic Ozone depletion during winter and spring of 1996/97
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 1998
    In:  Geophysical Research Letters Vol. 25, No. 17 ( 1998-09-01), p. 3327-3330
    Details
    In: Geophysical Research Letters, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 25, No. 17 ( 1998-09-01), p. 3327-3330
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0094-8276
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/98GL52488
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 1998
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  • 2
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    The MUSICA IASI CH〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 and N〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O products and their comparison to HIPPO, GAW and NDACC FTIR references
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2018
    In:  Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2018-07-18), p. 4171-4215
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 11, No. 7 ( 2018-07-18), p. 4171-4215
    Abstract: Abstract. This work presents the methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) products as generated by the IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) processor developed during the project MUSICA (MUlti-platform remote Sensing of Isotopologues for investigating the Cycle of Atmospheric water). The processor retrieves CH4 and N2O with different water vapour and water vapour isotopologues (as well as HNO3) and uses a single a priori data set for all the retrievals (no variation in space and time). Firstly, the characteristics and errors of the products are analytically described. Secondly, the products are comprehensively evaluated by comparisons to the following reference data measured by different techniques and from different platforms as follows: (1) aircraft CH4 and N2O profiles from the five HIAPER Pole-to-Pole Observation (HIPPO) missions; (2) continuous in situ CH4 and N2O observations performed between 2007 and 2017 at subtropical and mid-latitude high-mountain observatories (Izaña Atmospheric Observatory and Jungfraujoch, respectively) in the framework of the WMO–GAW (World Meteorological Organization–Global Atmosphere Watch) programme; (3) ground-based FTIR (Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer) measurements made between 2007 and 2017 in the framework of the NDACC (Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change) at the subtropical Izaña Atmospheric Observatory, the mid-latitude station of Karlsruhe and the Kiruna polar site.The theoretical estimations and the comparison studies suggest a precision for the N2O and CH4 retrieval products of about 1.5–3 % and systematic errors due to spectroscopic parameters of about 2 %. The MUSICA IASI CH4 data offer a better sensitivity than N2O data. While for the latter the sensitivity is mainly limited to the UTLS (upper troposphere–lower stratosphere) region, for CH4 we are able to prove that at low latitudes the MUSICA IASI processor can detect variations that take place in the free troposphere independently from the variations in the UTLS region. We demonstrate that the MUSICA IASI data qualitatively capture the CH4 gradients between low and high latitudes and between the Southern Hemisphere and Northern Hemisphere; however, we also find an inconsistency between low- and high-latitude CH4 data of up to 5 %. The N2O latitudinal gradients are very weak and cannot be detected. We make comparisons over a 10-year time period and analyse the agreement with the reference data on different timescales. The MUSICA IASI data can detect day-to-day signals (only in the UTLS), seasonal cycles and long-term evolution (in the UTLS and for CH4 also in the free troposphere) similar to the reference data; however, there are also inconsistencies in the long-term evolution connected to inconsistencies in the used atmospheric temperature a priori data.Moreover, we present a method for analytically describing the a posteriori-calculated logarithmic-scale difference of the CH4 and N2O retrieval estimates. By correcting errors that are common in the CH4 and N2O retrieval products, the a posteriori-calculated difference can be used for generating an a posteriori-corrected CH4 product with a theoretically better precision than the original CH4 retrieval products. We discuss and evaluate two different approaches for such a posteriori corrections. It is shown that the correction removes the inconsistencies between low and high latitudes and enables the detection of day-to-day signals also in the free troposphere. Furthermore, they reduce the impact of short-term atmospheric dynamics, which is an advantage, because respective signals are presumably hardly comparable to model data. The approach that affects the correction solely on the scales on which the errors dominate is identified as the most efficient, because it reduces the inconsistencies and errors without removing measurable real atmospheric signals. We give a brief outlook on a possible usage of this a posteriori-corrected MUSICA IASI CH4 product in combination with inverse modelling.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1867-8548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/amt-11-4171-2018
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2505596-3
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  • 3
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    Assessing the ability to derive rates of polar middle-atmospheric descent using trace gas measurements from remote sensors
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2018
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 18, No. 3 ( 2018-02-02), p. 1457-1474
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 18, No. 3 ( 2018-02-02), p. 1457-1474
    Abstract: Abstract. We investigate the reliability of using trace gas measurements from remote sensing instruments to infer polar atmospheric descent rates during winter within 46–86 km altitude. Using output from the Specified Dynamics Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (SD-WACCM) between 2008 and 2014, tendencies of carbon monoxide (CO) volume mixing ratios (VMRs) are used to assess a common assumption of dominant vertical advection of tracers during polar winter. The results show that dynamical processes other than vertical advection are not negligible, meaning that the transport rates derived from trace gas measurements do not represent the mean descent of the atmosphere. The relative importance of vertical advection is lessened, and exceeded by other processes, during periods directly before and after a sudden stratospheric warming, mainly due to an increase in eddy transport. It was also found that CO chemistry cannot be ignored in the mesosphere due to the night-time layer of OH at approximately 80 km altitude. CO VMR profiles from the Kiruna Microwave Radiometer and the Microwave Limb Sounder were compared to SD-WACCM output, and show good agreement on daily and seasonal timescales. SD-WACCM CO profiles are combined with the CO tendencies to estimate errors involved in calculating the mean descent of the atmosphere from remote sensing measurements. The results indicate errors on the same scale as the calculated descent rates, and that the method is prone to a misinterpretation of the direction of air motion. The “true” rate of atmospheric descent is seen to be masked by processes, other than vertical advection, that affect CO. We suggest an alternative definition of the rate calculated using remote sensing measurements: not as the mean descent of the atmosphere, but as an effective rate of vertical transport for the trace gas under observation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-18-1457-2018
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2018
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  • 4
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    Characterization and potential for reducing optical resonances in Fourier transform infrared spectrometers of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC)
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2021
    In:  Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2021-02-17), p. 1239-1252
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 14, No. 2 ( 2021-02-17), p. 1239-1252
    Abstract: Abstract. Although optical components in Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers are preferably wedged, in practice, infrared spectra typically suffer from the effects of optical resonances (“channeling”) affecting the retrieval of weakly absorbing gases. This study investigates the level of channeling of each FTIR spectrometer within the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC). Dedicated spectra were recorded by more than 20 NDACC FTIR spectrometers using a laboratory mid-infrared source and two detectors. In the indium antimonide (InSb) detector domain (1900–5000 cm−1), we found that the amplitude of the most pronounced channeling frequency amounts to 0.1 ‰ to 2.0 ‰ of the spectral background level, with a mean of (0.68±0.48) ‰ and a median of 0.60 ‰. In the mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) detector domain (700–1300 cm−1), we find even stronger effects, with the largest amplitude ranging from 0.3 ‰ to 21 ‰ with a mean of (2.45±4.50) ‰ and a median of 1.2 ‰. For both detectors, the leading channeling frequencies are 0.9 and 0.11 or 0.23 cm−1 in most spectrometers. The observed spectral frequencies of 0.11 and 0.23 cm−1 correspond to the optical thickness of the beam splitter substrate. The 0.9 cm−1 channeling is caused by the air gap in between the beam splitter and compensator plate. Since the air gap is a significant source of channeling and the corresponding amplitude differs strongly between spectrometers, we propose new beam splitters with the wedge of the air gap increased to at least 0.8∘. We tested the insertion of spacers in a beam splitter's air gap to demonstrate that increasing the wedge of the air gap decreases the 0.9 cm−1 channeling amplitude significantly. A wedge of the air gap of 0.8∘ reduces the channeling amplitude by about 50 %, while a wedge of about 2∘ removes the 0.9 cm−1 channeling completely. This study shows the potential for reducing channeling in the FTIR spectrometers operated by the NDACC, thereby increasing the quality of recorded spectra across the network.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1867-8548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/amt-14-1239-2021
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 5
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    Intercomparison of arctic XH〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O observations from three ground-based Fourier transform infrared networks and application for satellite validation
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2021
    In:  Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2021-03-11), p. 1993-2011
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 14, No. 3 ( 2021-03-11), p. 1993-2011
    Abstract: Abstract. In this paper, we compare column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of water vapor (XH2O) retrievals from the COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON) with retrievals from two co-located high-resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers as references at two boreal sites, Kiruna, Sweden, and Sodankylä, Finland, from 6 March 2017 to 20 September 2019. In the framework of the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC), an FTIR spectrometer is operated at Kiruna. The H2O product derived from these observations has been generated with the MUlti-platform remote Sensing of Isotopologues for investigating the Cycle of Atmospheric water (MUSICA) processor. In Sodankylä, a Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) spectrometer is operated, and the official XH2O data as provided by TCCON are used for this study. The datasets are in good overall agreement, with COCCON data showing a wet bias of (49.20±58.61) ppm ((3.33±3.37) %, R2=0.9992) compared with MUSICA NDACC and (56.32±45.63) ppm ((3.44±1.77) %, R2=0.9997) compared with TCCON. Furthermore, the a priori H2O volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles (MAP) used as a priori information in the TCCON retrievals (also adopted for COCCON retrievals) are evaluated with respect to radiosonde (Vaisala RS41) profiles at Sodankylä. The MAP and radiosonde profiles show similar shapes and a good linear correlation of integrated XH2O, indicating that MAP is a reasonable approximation of the true atmospheric state and an appropriate choice for the scaling retrieval methods as applied by COCCON and TCCON. COCCON shows a reduced dry bias (−14.96 %) in comparison with TCCON (−19.08 %) with respect to radiosonde XH2O. Finally, we investigate the quality of satellite data at high latitudes. For this purpose, the COCCON XH2O is compared with retrievals from the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) generated with the MUSICA processor (MUSICA IASI) and with retrievals from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). Both paired datasets generally show good agreement and similar correlations at the two sites. COCCON measures 4.64 % less XH2O at Kiruna and 3.36 % less at Sodankylä with respect to MUSICA IASI, whereas COCCON measures 9.71 % more XH2O at Kiruna and 7.75 % more at Sodankylä compared with TROPOMI. Our study supports the assumption that COCCON also delivers a well-characterized XH2O data product. This emphasizes that this approach might complement the TCCON network with respect to satellite validation efforts. This is the first published study where COCCON XH2O has been compared with MUSICA NDACC and TCCON retrievals and has been used for MUSICA IASI and TROPOMI validation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1867-8548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/amt-14-1993-2021
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 6
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    Retrieval algorithm for OClO from TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument) by differential optical absorption spectroscopy
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2021
    In:  Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Vol. 14, No. 12 ( 2021-12-07), p. 7595-7625
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 14, No. 12 ( 2021-12-07), p. 7595-7625
    Abstract: Abstract. Here we present a new retrieval algorithm of the slant column densities (SCDs) of chlorine dioxide (OClO) by differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) from measurements performed by TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on board of Sentinel-5P satellite. To achieve a substantially improved accuracy, which is especially important for OClO observations, accounting for absorber and pseudo absorber structures in optical depth even of the order of 10−4 is important. Therefore, in comparison to existing retrievals, we include several additional fit parameters by accounting for spectral effects like the temperature dependency of the Ring effect and Ring absorption effects, a higher-order term for the OClO SCD dependency on wavelength and accounting for the BrO absorption. We investigate the performance of different retrieval settings by an error analysis with respect to random variations, large-scale systematic variations as a function of solar zenith angle and also more localized systematic variations by a novel application of an autocorrelation analysis. The retrieved TROPOMI OClO SCDs show a very good agreement with ground-based zenith sky measurements and are correlated well with preliminary data of the operational TROPOMI OClO retrieval algorithm currently being developed as part of ESA's Sentinel-5P+ Innovation project.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1867-8548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/amt-14-7595-2021
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2021
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  • 7
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    Intercomparison of atmospheric CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 and CH〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 abundances on regional scales in boreal areas using Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) analysis, COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON) spectrometers, and Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite observations
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2020
    In:  Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2020-09-09), p. 4751-4771
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 13, No. 9 ( 2020-09-09), p. 4751-4771
    Abstract: Abstract. We compare the atmospheric column-averaged dry-air mole fractions of carbon dioxide (XCO2) and methane (XCH4) measured with a pair of COllaborative Carbon Column Observing Network (COCCON) spectrometers at Kiruna and Sodankylä (boreal areas). We compare model data provided by the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) between 2017 and 2019 with XCH4 data from the recently launched Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) satellite between 2018 and 2019. In addition, measured and modeled gradients of XCO2 and XCH4 (ΔXCO2 and ΔXCH4) on regional scales are investigated. Both sites show a similar and very good correlation between COCCON retrievals and the modeled CAMS XCO2 data, while CAMS data are biased high with respect to COCCON by 3.72 ppm (±1.80 ppm) in Kiruna and 3.46 ppm (±1.73 ppm) in Sodankylä on average. For XCH4, CAMS values are higher than the COCCON observations by 0.33 ppb (±11.93 ppb) in Kiruna and 7.39 ppb (±10.92 ppb) in Sodankylä. In contrast, the S5P satellite generally measures lower atmospheric XCH4 than the COCCON spectrometers, with a mean difference of 9.69 ppb (±20.51 ppb) in Kiruna and 3.36 ppb (±17.05 ppb) in Sodankylä. We compare the gradients of XCO2 and XCH4 (ΔXCO2 and ΔXCH4) between Kiruna and Sodankylä derived from CAMS analysis and COCCON and S5P measurements to study the capability of detecting sources and sinks on regional scales. The correlations in ΔXCO2 and ΔXCH4 between the different datasets are generally smaller than the correlations in XCO2 and XCH4 between the datasets at either site. The ΔXCO2 values predicted by CAMS are generally higher than those observed with COCCON with a slope of 0.51. The ΔXCH4 values predicted by CAMS are mostly higher than those observed with COCCON with a slope of 0.65, covering a larger dataset than the comparison between S5P and COCCON. When comparing CAMS ΔXCH4 with COCCON ΔXCH4 only in S5P overpass days (slope = 0.53), the correlation is close to that between S5P and COCCON (slope = 0.51). CAMS, COCCON, and S5P predict gradients in reasonable agreement. However, the small number of observations coinciding with S5P limits our ability to verify the performance of this spaceborne sensor. We detect no significant impact of ground albedo and viewing zenith angle on the S5P results. Both sites show similar situations with the average ratios of XCH4 (S5P/COCCON) of 0.9949±0.0118 in Kiruna and 0.9953±0.0089 in Sodankylä. Overall, the results indicate that the COCCON instruments have the capability of measuring greenhouse gas (GHG) gradients on regional scales, and observations performed with the portable spectrometers can contribute to inferring sources and sinks and to validating spaceborne greenhouse gas sensors. To our knowledge, this is the first published study using COCCON spectrometers for the validation of XCH4 measurements collected by S5P.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1867-8548
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/amt-13-4751-2020
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2020
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  • 8
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    Ozone profiles above Kiruna from two ground-based radiometers
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2016
    In:  Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2016-09-12), p. 4503-4519
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 9, No. 9 ( 2016-09-12), p. 4503-4519
    Abstract: Abstract. This paper presents new atmospheric ozone concentration profiles retrieved from measurements made with two ground-based millimetre-wave radiometers in Kiruna, Sweden. The instruments are the Kiruna Microwave Radiometer (KIMRA) and the Millimeter wave Radiometer 2 (MIRA 2). The ozone concentration profiles are retrieved using an optimal estimation inversion technique, and they cover an altitude range of  ∼ 16–54 km, with an altitude resolution of, at best, 8 km. The KIMRA and MIRA 2 measurements are compared to each other, to measurements from balloon-borne ozonesonde measurements at Sodankylä, Finland, and to measurements made by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) aboard the Aura satellite. KIMRA has a correlation of 0.82, but shows a low bias, with respect to the ozonesonde data, and MIRA 2 shows a smaller magnitude low bias and a 0.98 correlation coefficient. Both radiometers are in general agreement with each other and with MLS data, showing high correlation coefficients, but there are differences between measurements that are not explained by random errors. An oscillatory bias with a peak of approximately ±1 ppmv is identified in the KIMRA ozone profiles over an altitude range of  ∼ 18–35 km, and is believed to be due to baseline wave features that are present in the spectra. A time series analysis of KIMRA ozone for winters 2008–2013 shows the existence of a local wintertime minimum in the ozone profile above Kiruna. The measurements have been ongoing at Kiruna since 2002 and late 2012 for KIMRA and MIRA 2, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1867-8548
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/amt-9-4503-2016
    DOI: 10.5194/amt-9-4503-2016-supplement
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 9
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    Occurrence of polar stratospheric clouds as derived from ground-based zenith DOAS observations using the colour index
    Copernicus GmbH ; 2022
    In:  Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol. 22, No. 24 ( 2022-12-19), p. 15925-15942
    Details
    In: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus GmbH, Vol. 22, No. 24 ( 2022-12-19), p. 15925-15942
    Abstract: Abstract. Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) are an important component of ozone chemistry in polar regions. Studying the ozone-depleting processes requires a precise description of PSCs on a long-term basis. Although satellite observations already yield high spatial coverage, continuous ground-based measurements covering long time periods can be a valuable complement. In this study, differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) instruments are used to investigate the occurrence of PSCs based on the so-called colour index (CI), i.e. the colour of the zenith sky. Defined as the ratio between the observed intensities of scattered sunlight at two wavelengths, it provides a method to detect PSCs during twilight even in the presence of tropospheric clouds. We present data from instruments at the German research station Neumayer, Antarctica (71∘ S, 8∘ W), as well as Kiruna, Sweden (68∘ N, 20∘ E), which have been in operation for more than 20 years. For a comprehensive interpretation of the measurement data, the well-established radiative transfer model McArtim is used and radiances of scattered sunlight are simulated at several wavelengths for different solar zenith angles and various atmospheric conditions. The aim is to improve and evaluate the potential of this method. It is then used to infer the seasonal cycle and the variability of PSC occurrence throughout the time series measured in both hemispheres. A good agreement is found to satellite retrievals with deviations particularly in spring. The unexpectedly high signal observed in the DOAS data during springtime suggests the influence of volcanic aerosol. This is also indicated by enhanced aerosol extinction as seen from OMPS (Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite) data but is not captured by other PSC climatologies. The presented approach allows the detection of PSCs for various atmospheric conditions not only for individual case studies but over entire time series, which is a decisive advance compared to previous work on the PSC detection by ground-based instruments. Apart from the interannual variability, no significant trend is detected for either measurement station. The averaged PSC relative frequency amounts to about 37 % above the Neumayer station and about 18 % above Kiruna.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1680-7324
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5194/acp-22-15925-2022
    Language: English
    Publisher: Copernicus GmbH
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 10
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    Evolution of ozone and ozone-related species over Kiruna during the SOLVE/THESEO 2000 campaign retrieved from ground-based millimeter-wave and infrared observations : EVOLUTION OF OZONE AND OZONE-RELATED SPECIES IN WINTER 1999/2000
    American Geophysical Union (AGU) ; 2002
    In:  Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres Vol. 107, No. D5 ( 2002-03-16), p. SOL 51-1-SOL 51-12
    Details
    In: Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, American Geophysical Union (AGU), Vol. 107, No. D5 ( 2002-03-16), p. SOL 51-1-SOL 51-12
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0148-0227
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1029/2001JD001064
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
    Publication Date: 2002
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