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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Changes in Sprint and Jump Performances After Traditional, Plyometric, and Combined Resistance Training in Male Youth Pre- and Post-Peak Height Velocity
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2016
    In:  Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research Vol. 30, No. 5 ( 2016-05), p. 1239-1247
    Details
    In: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 30, No. 5 ( 2016-05), p. 1239-1247
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1064-8011
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001216
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2142889-X
    SSG: 31
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Muscle Architecture and Maturation Influence Sprint and Jump Ability in Young Boys: A Multistudy Approach
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2022
    In:  Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research Vol. 36, No. 10 ( 2022-10), p. 2741-2751
    Details
    In: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 36, No. 10 ( 2022-10), p. 2741-2751
    Abstract: Radnor, JM, Oliver, JL, Waugh, CM, Myer, GD, and Lloyd, RS. Muscle Architecture and Maturation Influence Sprint and Jump Ability in Young Boys: A Multistudy Approach. J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2741–2751, 2022—This series of experiments examined the influence of medial gastrocnemius (GM) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle architecture (muscle thickness, pennation angle, and fascicle length) on sprint and jump performance in pre–, circa–, and post–peak height velocity (PHV) boys. In experiment 1, 1-way analysis of variance and Cohen's d effect sizes demonstrated that most muscle architecture measures were significantly greater in post-PHV compared with pre-PHV boys ( d = 0.77–1.41; p 〈 0.05). For most sprint and jump variables, there were small to moderate differences between pre-PHV to circa-PHV and circa-PHV to post-PHV groups ( d = 0.58–0.93; p 〈 0.05) and moderate to large differences between pre-PHV and post-PHV groups ( d = 1.01–1.47; p 〈 0.05). Pearson's correlation analyses in experiment 2 determined that muscle architecture had small to moderate correlations with sprint and jump performance ( r = 0.228–0.707, p 〈 0.05), with strongest associations within the post-PHV cohort. Chi-squared analyses in experiment 3 identified that, over 18 months, more POST-POST responders than expected made positive changes in GM and VL muscle thickness. Significantly more PRE-POST subjects than expected displayed changes in maximal sprint speed, while significantly more POST-POST individuals than expected showed positive changes in jump height. Muscle architecture seems to be larger in more mature boys compared with their less mature peers and likely underlies their greater performance in sprinting and jumping tasks. Boys experiencing, or having experienced, PHV make the largest increases in muscle architecture and sprinting and jumping performance when tracked over 18 months.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1064-8011
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003941
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2142889-X
    SSG: 31
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Influence of Muscle Architecture on Maximal Rebounding in Young Boys
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2021
    In:  Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research Vol. 35, No. 12 ( 2021-12), p. 3378-3385
    Details
    In: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 35, No. 12 ( 2021-12), p. 3378-3385
    Abstract: Radnor, JM, Oliver, JL, Waugh, CM, Myer, GD, and Lloyd, RS. Influence of muscle architecture on maximal rebounding in young boys. J Strength Cond Res 35(12): 3378–3385, 2021—The aims of the current study were to (a) investigate differences in maximal rebound jump kinetics in boys at different stages of maturity and (b) determine the relationship of muscle architecture characteristics to maximal rebound jump kinetics. One hundred twenty-seven male, secondary school children were categorized into maturity groups (pre–, circa–, and post–peak height velocity) based on their maturity offset value. Muscle architecture of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and vastus lateralis (VL) was evaluated at rest using B-mode ultrasonography. Subjects then performed maximal rebound jumps quantified on a force platform. There were moderate to large differences across all maturity groups for peak ground reaction force, impulse measures, and average power variables ( d = 0.73–2.67; p 〈 0.05). Gastrocnemius medialis and VL muscle thickness explained between 38.5 and 55.8% of the variance in peak force, impulse, and power variables; however, muscle architecture was less important determinant of contact time, jump height, reactive strength index, rate of force development, eccentric velocity, concentric velocity, and allometrically scaled measures (3.3–17.2%). The current results indicate that most kinetics used during maximal vertical rebounding are greater in more mature boys. Furthermore, maturational increases in GM muscle architecture seem important for maximal vertical jumping and are specifically associated with increased force, power, and impulse measures. Practically, these findings may underline benefits in targeting resistance training activities that are focused to increase lower limb muscle mass to positively influence maximal rebounding kinetics in young boys.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1064-8011
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004152
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2142889-X
    SSG: 31
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Influence of Growth and Maturation on Stretch-Shortening Cycle Function in Youth
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2018
    In:  Sports Medicine Vol. 48, No. 1 ( 2018-1), p. 57-71
    Details
    In: Sports Medicine, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 48, No. 1 ( 2018-1), p. 57-71
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0112-1642 , 1179-2035
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0785-0
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2025521-4
    SSG: 31
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Influence of Maturity Status on Muscle Architecture in School-Aged Boys
    Human Kinetics ; 2020
    In:  Pediatric Exercise Science Vol. 32, No. 2 ( 2020-05-1), p. 89-96
    Details
    In: Pediatric Exercise Science, Human Kinetics, Vol. 32, No. 2 ( 2020-05-1), p. 89-96
    Abstract: Purpose : To determine the differences in muscle architecture of the lower limb in pre-peak height velocity (PHV), circa-PHV, and post-PHV boys. Method : Muscle architecture variables from both the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and vastus lateralis (VL) were derived from ultrasonographic images in 126 school-aged boys. One-way analysis of variance using Bonferroni post hoc comparisons was employed to determine between-group differences, and effect sizes were calculated to establish the magnitude of these differences. Results : All muscle architecture variables showed significant small to large increases from pre-PHV to post-PHV, excluding GM fascicle length ( d  = 0.59–1.39; P   〈  .05). More discrete between-group differences were evident as GM and VL muscle thickness, and physiological thickness significantly increased between pre-PHV and circa-PHV ( d   〉  0.57; P   〈  .05); however, only the VL muscle thickness and physiological thickness increased from circa-PHV to post-PHV ( d  = 0.68; P   〈  .05). The post-PHV group also showed larger GM pennation angles than the circa-PHV group ( d  = 0.59; P   〈  .05). Conclusion : The combined results showed that maturation is associated with changes in muscle morphology. These data quantify that the maturity-related changes in muscle architecture variables provide a reference to differentiate between training-induced adaptations versus changes associated with normal growth and maturation.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-8493 , 1543-2920
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1123/pes.2019-0201
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Human Kinetics
    Publication Date: 2020
    SSG: 31
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Influence of Growth, Maturation and Resistance Training on Muscle-Tendon and Neuromuscular Adaptations: A Narrative Review
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sports Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2021-05-08), p. 59-
    Details
    In: Sports, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 5 ( 2021-05-08), p. 59-
    Abstract: The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the growth, maturation and resistance training-related changes in muscle-tendon and neuromuscular mechanisms in youth, and the subsequent effect on performance. Sprinting, jumping, kicking, and throwing are common movements in sport that have been shown to develop naturally with age, with improvements in performance being attributed to growth and maturity-related changes in neuromuscular mechanisms. These changes include moderate to very large increases in muscle physiological cross-sectional area (CSA), muscle volume and thickness, tendon CSA and stiffness, fascicle length, muscle activation, pre-activation, stretch reflex control accompanied by large reductions in electro-mechanical delay and co-contraction. Furthermore, a limited number of training studies examining neuromuscular changes following four to 20 weeks of resistance training have reported trivial to moderate differences in tendon stiffness, muscle CSA, muscle thickness, and motor unit activation accompanied by reductions in electromechanical delay (EMD) in pre-pubertal children. However, the interaction of maturity- and training-related neuromuscular adaptions remains unclear. An understanding of how different neuromuscular mechanisms adapt in response to growth, maturation and training is important in order to optimise training responsiveness in youth populations. Additionally, the impact that these muscle-tendon and neuromuscular changes have on force producing capabilities underpinning performance is unclear.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4663
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/sports9050059
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704239-X
    SSG: 31
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Maturity Has a Greater Association than Relative Age with Physical Performance in English Male Academy Soccer Players
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  Sports Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2021-12-20), p. 171-
    Details
    In: Sports, MDPI AG, Vol. 9, No. 12 ( 2021-12-20), p. 171-
    Abstract: This study aimed to: (1) examine differences in physical performance across birth-quartiles and maturity-status, and (2) determine the relationships among relative age, maturation and physical performance in young male soccer players. The sample included 199 males aged between 8.1 and 18.9 years, from two professional soccer academies in the English Football League. Data were collected for height, weight, self-reported biological parent heights, 30 m sprint time and countermovement jump (CMJ) height. Relative age was conveyed as a decimal, while maturity status was determined as the percentage of predicted adult height (PAH). There were no significant differences in any measure between birth quartiles, however early maturers outperformed on-time and later maturers in most performance measures. Pearson-product-moment correlations revealed that maturation was inversely associated with 30 m sprint time in U12 to U16 (r = −0.370–0.738; p 〈 0.05), but only positively associated with CMJ performance in U12 (r = 0.497; p 〈 0.05). In contrast, relative age was unrelated to sprint performance and only significantly associated with superior CMJ performance in U16. This study indicates that maturity has a greater association with sprint performance than relative age in English male academy soccer players. Practitioners should monitor and assess biological maturation in young soccer players to attempt to control for the influence on physical performance, and avoid biasing selection on absolute performance rather than identifying the most talented player.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2075-4663
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/sports9120171
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704239-X
    SSG: 31
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Assessing Strength and Power in Youth Populations : What to Measure and What to Report?
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2022
    In:  ACSM'S Health & Fitness Journal Vol. 26, No. 5 ( 2022-9), p. 20-28
    Details
    In: ACSM'S Health & Fitness Journal, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 26, No. 5 ( 2022-9), p. 20-28
    Abstract: After reading this article, exercise professionals will be able to: • Understand why it is useful to assess strength and power in youth. • Appreciate why it is important to consider maturity and size when assessing the strength and power of youth. • Identify different tests that can be used to assess strength and power in youth, depending on available resources. • Report results to different audiences, including children and their parent(s)/guardian(s), coaches, and exercise professionals.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1536-593X , 1091-5397
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1249/FIT.0000000000000799
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2145750-5
    SSG: 31
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Developing Athletic Motor Skill Competencies in Youth
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2020
    In:  Strength & Conditioning Journal Vol. 42, No. 6 ( 2020-12), p. 54-70
    Details
    In: Strength & Conditioning Journal, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 42, No. 6 ( 2020-12), p. 54-70
    Abstract: Synergistic development of muscular strength and motor skill competency is central to long-term athletic development. However, these qualities need to be developed in a logical and progressive manner, and training methods need to be developmentally appropriate, engaging, and enjoyable for young athletes to help them build a positive association with strength and conditioning-based activities. This article aims to provide a resource for coaches to use when developing the athletic motor skill competencies in youth, including game-based activities, and a more structured resistance training curriculum.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1524-1602
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000602
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2020
    SSG: 31
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Analyzing Drop Jump Ground Reaction Forces in Microsoft Excel
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2023
    In:  Strength & Conditioning Journal Vol. Publish Ahead of Print ( 2023-4-12)
    Details
    In: Strength & Conditioning Journal, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. Publish Ahead of Print ( 2023-4-12)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1524-1602
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1519/SSC.0000000000000776
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2023
    SSG: 31
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