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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Neural Image Analysis and Electron Microscopy to Detect and Describe Selected Quality Factors of Fruit and Vegetable Spray-Dried Powders—Case Study: Chokeberry Powder
    MDPI AG ; 2019
    In:  Sensors Vol. 19, No. 20 ( 2019-10-12), p. 4413-
    Details
    In: Sensors, MDPI AG, Vol. 19, No. 20 ( 2019-10-12), p. 4413-
    Abstract: The study concentrates on researching possibilities of using computer image analysis and neural modeling in order to assess selected quality discriminants of spray-dried chokeberry powder. The aim of the paper is the quality identification of chokeberry powders on account of their highest dying power, the highest bioactivity, as well as technologically satisfying looseness of the powder. The article presents neural models with vision techniques backed up by devices such as digital cameras, as well as an electron microscope. The reduction in size of input variables with PCA has an influence on improving the processes of learning data sets, thus increasing the effectiveness of identifying chokeberry fruit powders included in digital pictures, which is shown in the results of the conducted research. The effectiveness of image recognition is presented by classifying abilities, as well as low Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), for which the best results are achieved with a typology of network type Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP). The selected networks type MLP are characterized by the highest degree of classification at 0.99 and RMSE at 0.11 at most at the same time.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1424-8220
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/s19204413
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2052857-7
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Assessment of the Functional and Ecological Aspect of Novel Intermittent Stream Valves for Spraying Seed Potatoes
    MDPI AG ; 2020
    In:  Agronomy Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2020-04-09), p. 541-
    Details
    In: Agronomy, MDPI AG, Vol. 10, No. 4 ( 2020-04-09), p. 541-
    Abstract: It is important to protect potatoes from insects and diseases at an early stage of their development. Pesticides are necessary to prevent loss caused by Colorado potato beetles feeding on potato leaves. Nowadays, there are attempts to reduce the use of chemical agents to the minimum necessary level. This article describes the construction of a novel valve that applies chemicals in an intermittent stream during potato treatment. Thus, it is possible to reduce the emission of chemicals to the natural environment. The article also describes the research site where the valve was tested, provides the results of laboratory investigations on different types of sprayer nozzles and their validation. Apart from that, the degree of the seed potato surface covering with the dressing was assessed in order to select the right sprayer nozzle and working pressure. The results of field tests of the seed dresser prototype with novel nozzles showed that they effectively dressed seed potatoes while saving 2 L (50%) of the chemical per hectare. Fissure sprayers achieved the highest degree of covering (up to 78%) with the first version of the valve (without auxiliary airflow). When the innovative valve (the second solution with auxiliary airstream) was applied at a distance of 50 mm from the seed potato fall path S, the highest degree of coverage with the dressing substance (up to 88%) was observed for the ejector sprayer. When the distance between the valve and the seed potato fall, path S was increased from 50 to 100 mm, the degree of surface coverage was lower for both of the valves used in the tests.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2073-4395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/agronomy10040541
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2607043-1
    SSG: 23
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Optimization of the Sowing Unit of a Piezoelectrical Sensor Chamber with the Use of Grain Motion Modeling by Means of the Discrete Element Method. Case Study: Rape Seed
    MDPI AG ; 2022
    In:  Applied Sciences Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-02-02), p. 1594-
    Details
    In: Applied Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 12, No. 3 ( 2022-02-02), p. 1594-
    Abstract: Nowadays, in the face of continuous technological progress and environmental requirements, all manufacturing processes and machines need to be optimized in order to achieve the highest possible efficiency. Agricultural machines such as seed drills and cultivation units are no exception. Their efficiency depends on the amount of sowing material to be used and the patency of seed transport tubes or colters. Most available control systems for seed drills are optical ones whose operation is not effective when working close to the ground due to large dusting. Thus, there is still a need to provide seed drills with sensors to be equipped with control systems suitable for use under conditions of massive dusting that would shorten the time of reaction to clogging and be affordable for every farmer. This study presents an analysis of grain motion in the sowing system and an analysis of the operation efficiency of an original piezoelectric sensor with patent application. The novelty of this work is reflected in the new design of a specially designed piezoelectric sensor in the sowing unit, for which an analysis of indication errors was carried out. A seed arrangement of this type has not been described so far. An analysis of the influence of the seed tube tilt angle and the type of its exit hole end on the coordinates of the grain point of collision with the sensor surface and erroneous indications of the amount of sown grains identified by the piezoelectric sensor is presented. Low values of the sensor indication errors (up to 10%), particularly for small tilt angles (0° and 5°) confirm its high grain detection efficiency, comparable with other sensors used in sowing systems, e.g., photoelectric, fiber or infrared sensors and confirm its suitability for commercial application. The results presented in this work broaden the knowledge on the use of sensors in seeding systems and provide the basis for the development of precise systems with piezoelectric sensors.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2076-3417
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/app12031594
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704225-X
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Computer vision and artificial neural network techniques for classification of damage in potatoes during the storage process
    Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences ; 2019
    In:  Czech Journal of Food Sciences Vol. 37, No. 2 ( 2019-4-30), p. 135-140
    Details
    In: Czech Journal of Food Sciences, Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Vol. 37, No. 2 ( 2019-4-30), p. 135-140
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1212-1800 , 1805-9317
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.17221/427/2017-CJFS
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2145669-0
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    What, When and How to Measure—Peripheral Biomarkers in Therapy of Huntington’s Disease
    MDPI AG ; 2021
    In:  International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 22, No. 4 ( 2021-02-04), p. 1561-
    Details
    In: International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI AG, Vol. 22, No. 4 ( 2021-02-04), p. 1561-
    Abstract: Among the main challenges in further advancing therapeutic strategies for Huntington’s disease (HD) is the development of biomarkers which must be applied to assess the efficiency of the treatment. HD is a dreadful neurodegenerative disorder which has its source of pathogenesis in the central nervous system (CNS) but is reflected by symptoms in the periphery. Visible symptoms include motor deficits and slight changes in peripheral tissues, which can be used as hallmarks for prognosis of the course of HD, e.g., the onset of the disease symptoms. Knowing how the pathology develops in the context of whole organisms is crucial for the development of therapy which would be the most beneficial for patients, as well as for proposing appropriate biomarkers to monitor disease progression and/or efficiency of treatment. We focus here on molecular peripheral biomarkers which could be used as a measurable outcome of potential therapy. We present and discuss a list of wet biomarkers which have been proposed in recent years to measure pre- and postsymptomatic HD. Interestingly, investigation of peripheral biomarkers in HD can unravel new aspects of the disease pathogenesis. This especially refers to inflammatory proteins or specific immune cells which attract scientific attention in neurodegenerative disorders.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1422-0067
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041561
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2019364-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Bcl10 Mediates Angiotensin II–Induced Cardiac Damage and Electrical Remodeling
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2014
    In:  Hypertension Vol. 64, No. 5 ( 2014-11), p. 1032-1039
    Details
    In: Hypertension, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 64, No. 5 ( 2014-11), p. 1032-1039
    Abstract: Angiotensin (Ang) II is a potent mediator of both hypertension and cardiac damage; however, the mechanisms by which this occur remain unclear. B-cell lymphoma/leukemia 10 (Bcl10) is a member of the CBM signalosome, which links Ang II and nuclear factor-κB signaling. We hypothesized that Bcl10 is pivotal in the pathogenesis of Ang II–induced cardiac damage. Ang II infusion in mice lacking Bcl10 resulted in reduced cardiac fibrosis, less cellular infiltration, and improved arrhythmogenic electric remodeling, despite a similar degree of hypertension or cardiac hypertrophy. Adoptive transfer of bone marrow (BM), whereby Bcl10 knockout or wildtype BM was transferred to their opposite genotype recipients, revealed the dual importance of Bcl10 within both cardiac and immune cells. Loss of Bcl10 in cardiac cells resulted in reduced expression of genes important for the adhesion and recruitment of immune cells. In vitro experiments demonstrated that adhesion of monocytes to Ang II–treated endothelial cells also required Bcl10. Additionally, Bcl10 deficiency in macrophages reduced their intrinsic migratory ability. To address the role of BM-derived fibroblasts in the formation of cardiac fibrosis, we explored whether Bcl10 is also important for the infiltration of BM-derived (myo)fibroblasts into the heart. The transfer of green fluorescent protein positive wildtype BM into Bcl10 knockout recipient mice revealed a reduced number of noncardiac (myo)fibroblasts compared with those wildtype recipients. Our results demonstrate the significant role of Bcl10 in multiple cell types important for the generation of Ang II–induced cardiac damage and electric remodeling and may provide a new avenue for therapeutic intervention.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0194-911X , 1524-4563
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.03900
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2094210-2
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Abstract 560: Vitamin D Depletion Aggravates Hypertension in Transgenic Rats
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2013
    In:  Hypertension Vol. 62, No. suppl_1 ( 2013-09)
    Details
    In: Hypertension, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 62, No. suppl_1 ( 2013-09)
    Abstract: Introduction: Vitamin D may ameliorate hypertension and kidney disease through genomic and extra-genomic pathways. Several studies have shown that vitamin D levels can affect levels of circulating FoxP3-positive regulatory T-lymphocytes. Previously, our group has demonstrated that adoptive transfer of FoxP3-positive T-lymphocytes ameliorated the phenotype in a mouse model of angiotensin-II induced cardiac damage. Objective: To investigate the impact of vitamin D depletion in a transgenic rat model of angiotensin II-mediated hypertensive organ failure, and to investigate the possible association with levels of FoxP3 regulatory T-lymphocytes. Methods: In 4-week old age-matched rats overexpressing the human renin and angiotensinogen genes, group 1 (n=18) received vitamin D depleted chow, and group 2, (n=15) received chow with standard contents of vitamin D. Blood pressure (tail cuff) and 24-hour albuminuria were determined once weekly. After three weeks, animals were sacrificed. Heart tissue was examined for atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) by RT-PCR. Lymphocytes from spleens were isolated, and the percentage of CD4+ cells, which were CD4+CD25+FoxP3-positive, was measured by flow cytometry. Mesenteric arteries were removed and stimulated with nitroprusside and acetylcholine to investigate the relaxation potential of the epithelium. Results: The vitamin D depleted group had higher blood pressure at all times (mean differences were 23.40 mmHg, 14.31 mmHg and 15.71 mmHg respectively, p 〈 0.05), higher heart-to-body weight ratio, and higher ANP and BNP levels. No differences were found between groups in mortality or proteinuria. Neither the levels of CD4+CD25+FoxP3-positive cells in spleen, nor the relaxation potential measured in mesenteric arteries differed between groups. Conclusion: Short-term vitamin D depletion aggravated hypertension and end-organ damage in a rat model of angiotensin II-induced hypertension. However, the aggravated phenotype was not due to different levels of splenic FoxP3-positive activated T-lymphocytes or to higher endothelial resistance in arteries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0194-911X , 1524-4563
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/hyp.62.suppl_1.A560
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2094210-2
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    CD74-Downregulation of Placental Macrophage-Trophoblastic Interactions in Preeclampsia
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2016
    In:  Circulation Research Vol. 119, No. 1 ( 2016-06-24), p. 55-68
    Details
    In: Circulation Research, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 119, No. 1 ( 2016-06-24), p. 55-68
    Abstract: We hypothesized that cluster of differentiation 74 (CD74) downregulation on placental macrophages, leading to altered macrophage-trophoblast interaction, is involved in preeclampsia. Objective: Preeclamptic pregnancies feature hypertension, proteinuria, and placental anomalies. Feto-placental macrophages regulate villous trophoblast differentiation during placental development. Disturbance of this well-balanced regulation can lead to pathological pregnancies. Methods and Results: We performed whole-genome expression analysis of placental tissue. CD74 was one of the most downregulated genes in placentas from preeclamptic women. By reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, we confirmed this finding in early-onset ( 〈 34 gestational week, n=26) and late-onset (≥34 gestational week, n=24) samples from preeclamptic women, compared with healthy pregnant controls (n=28). CD74 protein levels were analyzed by Western blot and flow cytometry. We identified placental macrophages to express CD74 by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and RT-PCR. CD74-positive macrophages were significantly reduced in preeclamptic placentas compared with controls. CD74-silenced macrophages showed that the adhesion molecules ALCAM , ICAM4 , and Syndecan-2, as well as macrophage adhesion to trophoblasts were diminished. Naive and activated macrophages lacking CD74 showed a shift toward a proinflammatory signature with an increased secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α, chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 5, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1, when cocultured with trophoblasts compared with control macrophages. Trophoblasts stimulated by these factors express more CYP2J2 , sFlt1 , TNFα , and IL-8 . CD74-knockout mice showed disturbed placental morphology, reduced junctional zone, smaller placentas, and impaired spiral artery remodeling with fetal growth restriction. Conclusions: CD74 downregulation in placental macrophages is present in preeclampsia. CD74 downregulation leads to altered macrophage activation toward a proinflammatory signature and a disturbed crosstalk with trophoblasts.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-7330 , 1524-4571
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.308304
    RVK:
    XA 10000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1467838-X
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  • 9
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    Online Resource
    Accumulation of elements in vegetation spontaneously developing on self-heating waste dumps in the Upper Silesia area (Poland)
    Polish Geological Institute - National Research Institute (PGI-NRI) ; 2022
    In:  Geological Quarterly Vol. 66, No. 3 ( 2022-09-30)
    Details
    In: Geological Quarterly, Polish Geological Institute - National Research Institute (PGI-NRI), Vol. 66, No. 3 ( 2022-09-30)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1641-7291
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.7306/gq.1662
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Polish Geological Institute - National Research Institute (PGI-NRI)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2234076-2
    SSG: 13
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Efficiency of Identification of Blackcurrant Powders Using Classifier Ensembles
    MDPI AG ; 2024
    In:  Foods Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2024-02-24), p. 697-
    Details
    In: Foods, MDPI AG, Vol. 13, No. 5 ( 2024-02-24), p. 697-
    Abstract: In the modern times of technological development, it is important to select adequate methods to support various food and industrial problems, including innovative techniques with the help of artificial intelligence (AI). Effective analysis and the speed of algorithm implementation are key points in assessing the quality of food products. Non-invasive solutions are being sought to achieve high accuracy in the classification and evaluation of various food products. This paper presents various machine learning algorithm architectures to evaluate the efficiency of identifying blackcurrant powders (i.e., blackcurrant concentrate with a density of 67 °Brix and a color coefficient of 2.352 (E520/E420) in combination with the selected carrier) based on information encoded in microscopic images acquired via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Recognition of blackcurrant powders was performed using texture feature extraction from images aided by the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). It was evaluated for quality using individual single classifiers and a metaclassifier based on metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The research showed that the metaclassifier, as well as a single random forest (RF) classifier most effectively identified blackcurrant powders based on image texture features. This indicates that ensembles of classifiers in machine learning is an alternative approach to demonstrate better performance than the existing traditional solutions with single neural models. In the future, such solutions could be an important tool to support the assessment of the quality of food products in real time. Moreover, ensembles of classifiers can be used for faster analysis to determine the selection of an adequate machine learning algorithm for a given problem.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2304-8158
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3390/foods13050697
    Language: English
    Publisher: MDPI AG
    Publication Date: 2024
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2704223-6
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