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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Icosapent Ethyl Reduces Ischemic Events in Patients With a History of Previous Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting: REDUCE-IT CABG
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 2021
    In:  Circulation Vol. 144, No. 23 ( 2021-12-07), p. 1845-1855
    Details
    In: Circulation, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 144, No. 23 ( 2021-12-07), p. 1845-1855
    Abstract: Despite advances in surgery and pharmacotherapy, there remains significant residual ischemic risk after coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Methods: In REDUCE-IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events With Icosapent Ethyl–Intervention Trial), a multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial, statin-treated patients with controlled low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and mild to moderate hypertriglyceridemia were randomized to 4 g daily of icosapent ethyl or placebo. They experienced a 25% reduction in risk of a primary efficacy end point (composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, coronary revascularization, or hospitalization for unstable angina) and a 26% reduction in risk of a key secondary efficacy end point (composite of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke) when compared with placebo. The current analysis reports on the subgroup of patients from the trial with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting. Results: Of the 8179 patients randomized in REDUCE-IT, a total of 1837 (22.5%) had a history of coronary artery bypass grafting, with 897 patients randomized to icosapent ethyl and 940 to placebo. Baseline characteristics were similar between treatment groups. Randomization to icosapent ethyl was associated with a significant reduction in the primary end point (hazard ratio [HR], 0.76 [95% CI, 0.63–0.92] ; P =0.004), in the key secondary end point (HR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.56–0.87]; P =0.001), and in total (first plus subsequent or recurrent) ischemic events (rate ratio, 0.64 [95% CI, 0.50–0.81]; P =0.0002) compared with placebo. This yielded an absolute risk reduction of 6.2% (95% CI, 2.3%–10.2%) in first events, with a number needed to treat of 16 (95% CI, 10–44) during a median follow-up time of 4.8 years. Safety findings were similar to the overall study: beyond an increased rate of atrial fibrillation/flutter requiring hospitalization for at least 24 hours (5.0% vs 3.1%; P =0.03) and a nonsignificant increase in bleeding, occurrences of adverse events were comparable between groups. Conclusions: In REDUCE-IT patients with a history of coronary artery bypass grafting, treatment with icosapent ethyl was associated with significant reductions in first and recurrent ischemic events. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT01492361.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0009-7322 , 1524-4539
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.121.056290
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1466401-X
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SNAPSHOT USA 2019: a coordinated national camera trap survey of the United States
    Wiley ; 2021
    In:  Ecology Vol. 102, No. 6 ( 2021-06)
    Details
    In: Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 102, No. 6 ( 2021-06)
    Abstract: With the accelerating pace of global change, it is imperative that we obtain rapid inventories of the status and distribution of wildlife for ecological inferences and conservation planning. To address this challenge, we launched the SNAPSHOT USA project, a collaborative survey of terrestrial wildlife populations using camera traps across the United States. For our first annual survey, we compiled data across all 50 states during a 14‐week period (17 August–24 November of 2019). We sampled wildlife at 1,509 camera trap sites from 110 camera trap arrays covering 12 different ecoregions across four development zones. This effort resulted in 166,036 unique detections of 83 species of mammals and 17 species of birds. All images were processed through the Smithsonian’s eMammal camera trap data repository and included an expert review phase to ensure taxonomic accuracy of data, resulting in each picture being reviewed at least twice. The results represent a timely and standardized camera trap survey of the United States. All of the 2019 survey data are made available herein. We are currently repeating surveys in fall 2020, opening up the opportunity to other institutions and cooperators to expand coverage of all the urban–wild gradients and ecophysiographic regions of the country. Future data will be available as the database is updated at eMammal.si.edu/snapshot‐usa, as will future data paper submissions. These data will be useful for local and macroecological research including the examination of community assembly, effects of environmental and anthropogenic landscape variables, effects of fragmentation and extinction debt dynamics, as well as species‐specific population dynamics and conservation action plans. There are no copyright restrictions; please cite this paper when using the data for publication.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0012-9658 , 1939-9170
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ecy.v102.6
    DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3353
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1797-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010140-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The global impact of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) on terrestrial biodiversity
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  Scientific Reports Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-06-24)
    Details
    In: Scientific Reports, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2021-06-24)
    Abstract: The International Union for the Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species is a comprehensive database of over 120,000 species and is a powerful tool to evaluate the threat of invasive species to global biodiversity. Several problematic species have gained global recognition due to comprehensive threat assessments quantifying the threat these species pose to biodiversity using large datasets like the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. However, the global threat of wild pigs ( Sus scrofa ) to biodiversity is still poorly understood despite well-documented ecosystem level impacts. In this study, we utilized the IUCN Red List to quantify the impacts of this globally distributed species throughout its native and non-native range. Here we show that wild pigs threaten 672 taxa in 54 different countries across the globe. Most of these taxa are listed as critically endangered or endangered and 14 species have been driven to extinction as a direct result of impacts from wild pigs. Our results show that threats from wild pigs are pervasive across taxonomic groups and that island endemics and taxa throughout the non-native range of wild pigs are particularly vulnerable.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2045-2322
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92691-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2615211-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Environmental drivers of seasonal shifts in abundance of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) in a tropical island environment
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2022
    In:  Ecological Processes Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2022-09-05)
    Details
    In: Ecological Processes, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 11, No. 1 ( 2022-09-05)
    Abstract: Non-native wild pigs ( Sus scrofa ) threaten sensitive flora and fauna, cost billions of dollars in economic damage, and pose a significant human–wildlife conflict risk. Despite growing interest in wild pig research, basic life history information is often lacking throughout their introduced range and particularly in tropical environments. Similar to other large terrestrial mammals, pigs possess the ability to shift their range based on local climatic conditions or resource availability, further complicating management decisions. The objectives of this study were to (i) model the distribution and abundance of wild pigs across two seasons within a single calendar year; (ii) determine the most important environmental variables driving changes in pig distribution and abundance; and (iii) highlight key differences between seasonal models and their potential management implications. These study objectives were achieved using zero-inflated models constructed from abundance data obtained from extensive field surveys and remotely sensed environmental variables. Results Our models demonstrate a considerable change in distribution and abundance of wild pigs throughout a single calendar year. Rainfall and vegetation height were among the most influential variables for pig distribution during the spring, and distance to adjacent forest and vegetation density were among the most significant for the fall. Further, our seasonal models show that areas of high conservation value may be more vulnerable to threats from wild pigs at certain times throughout the year, which was not captured by more traditional modeling approaches using aggregated data. Conclusions Our results suggest that (i) wild pigs can considerably shift their range throughout the calendar year, even in tropical environments; (ii) pigs prefer dense forested areas in the presence of either hunting pressure or an abundance of frugivorous plants, but may shift to adjacent areas in the absence of either of these conditions; and (iii) seasonal models provide valuable biological information that would otherwise be missed by common modeling approaches that use aggregated data over many years. These findings highlight the importance of considering biologically relevant time scales that provide key information to better inform management strategies, particularly for species whose ranges include both temperate and tropical environments and thrive in both large continental and small island ecosystems.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2192-1709
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1186/s13717-022-00395-9
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2694945-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Genetic and Demographic Insights into the Decline of a Captive Population of the Endangered Hawaiian Tree Snail Achatinella fuscobasis (Achatinellinae)
    Pacific Science ; 2016
    In:  Pacific Science Vol. 70, No. 2 ( 2016-04), p. 133-141
    Details
    In: Pacific Science, Pacific Science, Vol. 70, No. 2 ( 2016-04), p. 133-141
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0030-8870 , 1534-6188
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2984/70.2.1
    Language: English
    Publisher: Pacific Science
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 417498-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2053522-3
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A comparison of abundance and distribution model outputs using camera traps and sign surveys for feral pigs
    CSIRO Publishing ; 2021
    In:  Pacific Conservation Biology Vol. 27, No. 2 ( 2021), p. 186-
    Details
    In: Pacific Conservation Biology, CSIRO Publishing, Vol. 27, No. 2 ( 2021), p. 186-
    Abstract: Species distribution models play a central role in informing wildlife management. For models to be useful, they must be based on data that best represent the presence or abundance of the species. Data used as inputs in the development of these models can be obtained through numerous methods, each subject to different biases and limitations but, to date, few studies have examined whether these biases result in different predictive spatial models, potentially influencing conservation decisions. In this study, we compare distribution model predictions of feral pig (Sus scrofa) relative abundance using the two most common monitoring methods: detections from camera traps and visual surveys of pig sign. These data were collected during the same period using standardised methods at survey sites generated using a random stratified sampling design. We found that although site-level observed sign data were only loosely correlated with observed camera detections (R2=0.32–0.45), predicted sign and camera counts from zero-inflated models were well correlated (R2=0.78–0.88). In this study we show one example in which fitting two different forms of abundance data using environmental covariates explains most of the variance between datasets. We conclude that, as long as outputs are produced through appropriate modelling techniques, these two common methods of obtaining abundance data may be used interchangeably to produce comparable distribution maps for decision-making purposes. However, for monitoring purposes, sign and camera trap data may not be used interchangeably at the site level.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1038-2097
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1071/PC20032
    Language: English
    Publisher: CSIRO Publishing
    Publication Date: 2021
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 23
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Supplemental Information 1: A record of fecundity, mortality, dietary conditions and behaviors for three treatments of A. diaphana ..
    PeerJ ; 2021
    In:  PeerJ Vol. 9 ( 2021-09-23), p. e11789-
    Details
    In: PeerJ, PeerJ, Vol. 9 ( 2021-09-23), p. e11789-
    Abstract: The native terrestrial snail fauna of the Hawaiian Islands faces numerous threats that have led to severe range reductions, population declines, and extinction of species. With the continued declines of many wild populations, a crucial component of preserving Hawaiian terrestrial snail biodiversity is through captive rearing programs, like that implemented by the Hawai‘i Department of Land and Natural Resources Snail Extinction Prevention Program. Rare and endangered tree snails in the family Achatinellidae, which feed on epiphytic microbial communities, are maintained in captivity with a diet that includes native vegetation brought in from nearby forests, as well as a cultured fungus originally isolated from native host trees. Recent mortality events in lab populations have been attributed to wild-gathered vegetation. These events have increased interest in developing a completely manufactured or cultured diet that would eliminate the need for exposure to wild-gathered plants. This study compared survival and egg production in Auriculella diaphana provided with lab-cultured fungus, and those provided with wild vegetation. We compared the number of eggs laid and number of deaths among three treatments: (1) wild collected vegetation only; (2) wild vegetation supplemented with laboratory-cultured fungus; and (3) laboratory cultured fungus only. Mortality did not significantly differ among treatments, but the number of eggs laid was significantly higher in snails provided wild vegetation and cultured fungus (F = 24.998; P 〈 0.001), compared with those provided with only wild vegetation ( t = 1.88, P = 0.032) or only cultured fungus ( t = 4.530, P = 0.004). Our results suggest: (1) the existing strain of cultured fungus alone is not sufficient to maintain captive-reared snail populations; (2) the additional energy or calcium provided by the cultured fungus appears to enhance egg reproduction in captive-reared populations; (3) the presence or absence of live vegetation influences snail behavior, including aestivation and egg laying. These results highlight the importance of ongoing research to culture additional species of fungi at a rate that could support captive-reared populations, as the diversity of fungi present in wild epiphytic microbial communities may be important for snail reproductive health.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2167-8359
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11789
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11789/fig-1
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11789/supp-1
    Language: English
    Publisher: PeerJ
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703241-3
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    An Experimental Study: The Relationship Between Multimedia Features and Information Retrieval
    University of Michigan Library ; 2002
    In:  The Journal of Electronic Publishing Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2002-04-01)
    Details
    In: The Journal of Electronic Publishing, University of Michigan Library, Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2002-04-01)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1080-2711
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.3998/3336451.0007.304
    Language: English
    Publisher: University of Michigan Library
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2029559-5
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A Capstone Experience: Impacts of a Behavioral Style Learning Unit on Soft Skill Development and Team Dynamics
    American Association for Agricultural Education ; 2018
    In:  Journal of Agricultural Education Vol. 59, No. 1 ( 2018-03-28), p. 21-34
    Details
    In: Journal of Agricultural Education, American Association for Agricultural Education, Vol. 59, No. 1 ( 2018-03-28), p. 21-34
    Abstract: The integration of hard and soft skills has become increasingly important to employers. Colleges of agriculture and natural sciences can facilitate the development of these skills in their students. The purpose of this study was to explore impacts of a behavioral style learning unit on soft skill development with 15 students enrolled in a senior-level undergraduate capstone course. The research objectives were to (a) explore students’ preflections and reflections for indications of soft skill development, (b) explore team dynamics, and (c) identify best practices for integrating a behavioral style learning unit into a capstone course. Qualitative content analysis methods and basic quantitative methods were used to examine the preflections and reflections of the students. Students found the behavioral assessment improved understanding of their own behavioral needs, and allowed them to flex their style to meet the needs of team members. Relationship compatibility, based on behavioral styles within teams, correlated with the ability of team members to accurately perceive their contributions to tasks, relative to peer-based perceptions of contributions. Based on these results, it is recommended that a behavioral style learning unit, or a similar psychological type unit, be integrated into courses where soft skills are a desired student learning outcome.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1042-0541
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.5032/jae.2018.01021
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Association for Agricultural Education
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2798684-6
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  • 10
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    Online Resource
    Supplemental Information 15: Demographic data file for Partulina mighelsiana
    PeerJ ; 2015
    In:  PeerJ Vol. 3 ( 2015-11-12), p. e1406-
    Details
    In: PeerJ, PeerJ, Vol. 3 ( 2015-11-12), p. e1406-
    Abstract: Wild populations of endangered Hawaiian tree snails have declined precipitously over the last century due to introduced predators and other human impacts. Life history traits, such as very low fecundity ( 〈 5 offspring per year across taxa) and maturity at approximately four years of age have made recovery difficult. Conservation efforts such as in situ predator-free enclosures may increase survival to maturity by protecting offspring from predation, but no long-term data existed prior to this study demonstrating the demographic and genetic parameters necessary to maintain populations within those enclosures. We evaluated over 20 years of evidence for the dynamics of survival and extinction in captive ex situ populations of Hawaiian tree snails established from wild-collected individuals. From 1991 to 2006, small numbers of snails ( 〈 15) from fifteen species were collected from the wild to initiate captive-reared populations as a hedge against extinction. This small number of founders resulted in a severe bottleneck in each of the captive-reared populations. We identified key demographic parameters that predicted population recovery from this bottleneck. Species with captive populations that produced between two and four offspring per adult per year and had 20–50% of those offspring survive to maturity recovered to numbers above 100 individuals, and maintained viable populations following a decline that occurred between 2009 and 2014. Those populations that had less than two offspring per adult per year and less than 20% survival to maturity did not reach 100 individuals in captivity, and many of these populations died out during the recent decline. We suggest that small reductions in fitness may contribute to extirpation in taxa with inherently low fecundity, by keeping populations below a threshold number essential to long-term recovery. Future ex situ populations should be founded with no less than 15 adults, and maintained in conditions closely approximating the temperature and humidity of source locations to optimize fitness. Permanent translocations of wild populations for conservation purposes will be more likely to succeed with greater than 100 adults, and should be limited to locations with a similar climate to source locations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2167-8359
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    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1406
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1406/fig-1
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    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1406/table-1
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    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1406/table-5
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1406/supp-1
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    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1406/supp-18
    DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1406/supp-19
    Language: English
    Publisher: PeerJ
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2703241-3
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