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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Informa UK Limited ; 2020
    In:  Family & Community History Vol. 23, No. 2 ( 2020-05-03), p. 136-148
    In: Family & Community History, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 23, No. 2 ( 2020-05-03), p. 136-148
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1463-1180 , 1751-3812
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2117691-7
    SSG: 7,25
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cambridge University Press (CUP) ; 2021
    In:  Social Science History Vol. 45, No. 3 ( 2021), p. 495-517
    In: Social Science History, Cambridge University Press (CUP), Vol. 45, No. 3 ( 2021), p. 495-517
    Abstract: Travel is an essential part of everyday life for most people, and it inevitably brings inconvenience at times, but women have often experienced particular and distinctive constraints and harassments while traveling that may inhibit or reduce their mobility. However, we know relatively little in detail about how, why, and how much women traveled in the past. This article provides new evidence about female mobility in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Britain by analyzing the daily movements that were recorded in the personal diaries of nine young women. The diary entries show that all the women traveled frequently both alone and with others, used a variety of transport technologies that were available at the time, and rarely recorded incidents that caused them concern or alarm. Mobility was not only essential for carrying out everyday activities but it was also central to the development of friendships and, especially, courting. Both social class and location did have some influence on the ways in which the young women traveled, on their freedom to travel alone, and on the inconveniences they faced. However, overall, the similarities between the experiences of the nine diarists were much greater than the differences. Although it is not possible to generalize widely from just nine accounts, these diaries do provide new insights into female mobility in the past.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0145-5532 , 1527-8034
    Language: English
    Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2010871-0
    SSG: 3,4
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Informa UK Limited ; 2005
    In:  Cultural and Social History Vol. 2, No. 3 ( 2005-09), p. 329-351
    In: Cultural and Social History, Informa UK Limited, Vol. 2, No. 3 ( 2005-09), p. 329-351
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1478-0038 , 1478-0046
    Language: English
    Publisher: Informa UK Limited
    Publication Date: 2005
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2182789-8
    SSG: 7,25
    SSG: 8
    SSG: 10
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Elsevier BV ; 2010
    In:  Journal of Historical Geography Vol. 36, No. 4 ( 2010-10), p. 402-410
    In: Journal of Historical Geography, Elsevier BV, Vol. 36, No. 4 ( 2010-10), p. 402-410
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0305-7488
    RVK:
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1469637-X
    SSG: 14
    SSG: 6,11
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Local Population Studies Society - LPSS ; 2019
    In:  Local Population Studies
    In: Local Population Studies, Local Population Studies Society - LPSS
    Abstract: Diaries and other forms of life writing can add significantly to the study of local populations and societies, especially when used in conjunction with more conventional aggregate sources. All the key demographic events have important personal and emotional resonances that can never be revealed by statistical analysis of births, marriages or deaths. Personal accounts can add meaning to population history and demonstrate the familial and community impacts of key life events. In this paper we examine the strengths and weaknesses of different types of life writing, and then focus on the ways in which personal diaries may provide insights into the meanings and implications of life events such as courtship, marriage, childbirth, illness and death. Examples are drawn from a range of diaries written in Britain between the 1840s and 1950s.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0143-2974
    Language: English
    Publisher: Local Population Studies Society - LPSS
    Publication Date: 2019
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3034410-4
    SSG: 7,25
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Brill ; 2015
    In:  Journal of Migration History Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2015-06-09), p. 54-74
    In: Journal of Migration History, Brill, Vol. 1, No. 1 ( 2015-06-09), p. 54-74
    Abstract: In most societies the ability to move easily from place to place is a taken-for-granted aspect of twenty-first century life, but much less is known about such mobility in the past with a tendency for accounts to focus on the exceptional rather than the routine. In this paper we use two personal diaries written in England in the mid-nineteenth century and early-twentieth centuries to explore the ways in which everyday mobility was accomplished in the past. Attention is focused on the ease with which people could move around, the variety of modes of transport used, the enjoyment that travel generated, and the difficulties that were encountered. It is concluded that frequent everyday mobility was commonplace and mostly unproblematic, and was as closely enmeshed with society and economy as is the case in the twenty-first century. Such mobility also facilitated residential migration by providing knowledge about potential locations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2351-9916 , 2351-9924
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Brill
    Publication Date: 2015
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  • 7
    In: British Journal of Surgery, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 107, No. 2 ( 2020-01-05), p. e161-e169
    Abstract: Ileus is common after elective colorectal surgery, and is associated with increased adverse events and prolonged hospital stay. The aim was to assess the role of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for reducing ileus after surgery. Methods A prospective multicentre cohort study was delivered by an international, student- and trainee-led collaborative group. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The primary outcome was time to gastrointestinal recovery, measured using a composite measure of bowel function and tolerance to oral intake. The impact of NSAIDs was explored using Cox regression analyses, including the results of a centre-specific survey of compliance to enhanced recovery principles. Secondary safety outcomes included anastomotic leak rate and acute kidney injury. Results A total of 4164 patients were included, with a median age of 68 (i.q.r. 57–75) years (54·9 per cent men). Some 1153 (27·7 per cent) received NSAIDs on postoperative days 1–3, of whom 1061 (92·0 per cent) received non-selective cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. After adjustment for baseline differences, the mean time to gastrointestinal recovery did not differ significantly between patients who received NSAIDs and those who did not (4·6 versus 4·8 days; hazard ratio 1·04, 95 per cent c.i. 0·96 to 1·12; P = 0·360). There were no significant differences in anastomotic leak rate (5·4 versus 4·6 per cent; P = 0·349) or acute kidney injury (14·3 versus 13·8 per cent; P = 0·666) between the groups. Significantly fewer patients receiving NSAIDs required strong opioid analgesia (35·3 versus 56·7 per cent; P & lt; 0·001). Conclusion NSAIDs did not reduce the time for gastrointestinal recovery after colorectal surgery, but they were safe and associated with reduced postoperative opioid requirement.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1323 , 1365-2168
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006309-X
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  • 8
    In: BJS Open, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 6, No. 1 ( 2022-01-06)
    Abstract: Postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of major gastrointestinal surgery with an impact on short- and long-term survival. No validated system for risk stratification exists for this patient group. This study aimed to validate externally a prognostic model for AKI after major gastrointestinal surgery in two multicentre cohort studies. Methods The Outcomes After Kidney injury in Surgery (OAKS) prognostic model was developed to predict risk of AKI in the 7 days after surgery using six routine datapoints (age, sex, ASA grade, preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate, planned open surgery and preoperative use of either an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker). Validation was performed within two independent cohorts: a prospective multicentre, international study (‘IMAGINE’) of patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery (2018); and a retrospective regional cohort study (‘Tayside’) in major abdominal surgery (2011–2015). Multivariable logistic regression was used to predict risk of AKI, with multiple imputation used to account for data missing at random. Prognostic accuracy was assessed for patients at high risk (greater than 20 per cent) of postoperative AKI. Results In the validation cohorts, 12.9 per cent of patients (661 of 5106) in IMAGINE and 14.7 per cent (106 of 719 patients) in Tayside developed 7-day postoperative AKI. Using the OAKS model, 558 patients (9.6 per cent) were classified as high risk. Less than 10 per cent of patients classified as low-risk developed AKI in either cohort (negative predictive value greater than 0.9). Upon external validation, the OAKS model retained an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve of range 0.655–0.681 (Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.596 to 0.714; IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.659 to 0.703), sensitivity values range 0.323–0.352 (IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.281 to 0.368; Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.253 to 0.461), and specificity range 0.881–0.890 (Tayside 95 per cent c.i. 0.853 to 0.905; IMAGINE 95 per cent c.i. 0.881 to 0.899). Conclusion The OAKS prognostic model can identify patients who are not at high risk of postoperative AKI after gastrointestinal surgery with high specificity. Presented to Association of Surgeons in Training (ASiT) International Conference 2018 (Edinburgh, UK), European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP) International Conference 2018 (Nice, France), SARS (Society of Academic and Research Surgery) 2020 (Virtual, UK).
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2474-9842
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2022
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2902033-5
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  • 9
    In: British Journal of Surgery, Oxford University Press (OUP), Vol. 107, No. 5 ( 2020-03-18), p. 552-559
    Abstract: Ileus is common after colorectal surgery and is associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications. Identifying features of normal bowel recovery and the appropriateness for hospital discharge is challenging. This study explored the safety of hospital discharge before the return of bowel function. Methods A prospective, multicentre cohort study was undertaken across an international collaborative network. Adult patients undergoing elective colorectal resection between January and April 2018 were included. The main outcome of interest was readmission to hospital within 30 days of surgery. The impact of discharge timing according to the return of bowel function was explored using multivariable regression analysis. Other outcomes were postoperative complications within 30 days of surgery, measured using the Clavien–Dindo classification system. Results A total of 3288 patients were included in the analysis, of whom 301 (9·2 per cent) were discharged before the return of bowel function. The median duration of hospital stay for patients discharged before and after return of bowel function was 5 (i.q.r. 4–7) and 7 (6–8) days respectively (P & lt; 0·001). There were no significant differences in rates of readmission between these groups (6·6 versus 8·0 per cent; P = 0·499), and this remained the case after multivariable adjustment for baseline differences (odds ratio 0·90, 95 per cent c.i. 0·55 to 1·46; P = 0·659). Rates of postoperative complications were also similar in those discharged before versus after return of bowel function (minor: 34·7 versus 39·5 per cent; major 3·3 versus 3·4 per cent; P = 0·110). Conclusion Discharge before return of bowel function after elective colorectal surgery appears to be safe in appropriately selected patients.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0007-1323 , 1365-2168
    Language: English
    Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2006309-X
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 1982
    In:  Clinical Rheumatology Vol. 1, No. 4 ( 1982-12), p. 305-336
    In: Clinical Rheumatology, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 1, No. 4 ( 1982-12), p. 305-336
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0770-3198 , 1434-9949
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 1982
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1480901-1
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