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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2015
    In:  Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy Vol. 33, No. 9 ( 2015-09), p. 822-832
    In: Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 33, No. 9 ( 2015-09), p. 822-832
    Abstract: For the first time in Austria, fundamental technological and economic studies on recovering secondary raw materials from large landfills have been carried out, based on the ‘LAMIS – Landfill Mining Austria’ pilot project. A main focus of the research – and the subject of this article – was to develop an assessment or decision-making procedure that allows landfill owners to thoroughly examine the feasibility of a landfill mining project in advance. Currently there are no standard procedures that would sufficiently cover all the multiple-criteria requirements. The basic structure of the multiple attribute decision making process was used to narrow down on selection, conceptual design and assessment of suitable procedures. Along with a breakdown into preliminary and main assessment, the entire foundation required was created, such as definitions of requirements to an assessment method, selection and accurate description of the various assessment criteria and classification of the target system for the present ‘landfill mining’ vs. ‘retaining the landfill in after-care’ decision-making problem. Based on these studies, cost-utility analysis and the analytical-hierarchy process were selected from the range of multiple attribute decision-making procedures and examined in detail. Overall, both methods have their pros and cons with regard to their use for assessing landfill mining projects. Merging these methods or connecting them with single-criteria decision-making methods (like the net present value method) may turn out to be reasonable and constitute an appropriate assessment method.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0734-242X , 1096-3669
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1480483-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 46937-3
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  • 2
    In: Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 33, No. 11 ( 2015-11), p. 962-974
    Abstract: Since the need for raw materials in countries undergoing industrialisation (like China) is rising, the availability of metal and fossil fuel energy resources (like ores or coal) has changed in recent years. Landfill sites can contain considerable amounts of recyclables and energy-recoverable materials, therefore, landfill mining is an option for exploiting dumped secondary raw materials, saving primary sources. For the purposes of this article, two sanitary landfill sites have been chosen for obtaining actual data to determine the resource potential of Austrian landfills. To evaluate how pretreating waste before disposal affects the resource potential of landfills, the first landfill site has been selected because it has received untreated waste, whereas mechanically–biologically treated waste was dumped in the second. The scope of this investigation comprised: (1) waste characterisation by sorting analyses of recovered waste; and (2) chemical analyses of specific waste fractions for quality assessment regarding potential energy recovery by using it as solid recovered fuels. The content of eight heavy metals and the net calorific values were determined for the chemical characterisation tests.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0734-242X , 1096-3669
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1480483-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 46937-3
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2021
    In:  Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy Vol. 39, No. 9 ( 2021-09), p. 1193-1199
    In: Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 39, No. 9 ( 2021-09), p. 1193-1199
    Abstract: The increased utilisation of lithium-ion batteries in the last years does not come without cost. Due to thermal runaway and exothermic degradation reactions, portable batteries pose enormous risks to waste management systems and infrastructure in their end-of-life phase. All over Europe, the number of waste fires caused by lithium-ion batteries are rising. The risk of a battery fire is mainly influenced by the probability and severity of a thermal runaway or exothermic degradation, which depends on the current state of charge (SOC) of the respective battery. In order to determine the distribution of the SOC which is one of the main influence factors to waste fires caused by lithium-ion batteries, 980 waste battery cells were representatively sampled, manually dismantled and analysed using a prototypic laboratory test stand. Approximately 24% of the analysed cells and batteries had a residual SOC of at least 25%, and approximately 12% had a residual SOC of at least 50%. Hence, approximately every fourth to eighth portable battery threatens to cause a waste fire when critically damaged. Furthermore, a distinct relationship between the actual cell voltage and the residual SOC was found for end-of-life portable batteries.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0734-242X , 1096-3669
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1480483-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 46937-3
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2018
    In:  Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy Vol. 36, No. 5 ( 2018-05), p. 445-453
    In: Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 36, No. 5 ( 2018-05), p. 445-453
    Abstract: In recent years, an increasing number of studies have revealed that plastics and their components (e.g. plasticisers) pose an environmental risk. However, it is hard to imagine how our industrialised society could do without these materials, since the fields of application are manifold. One possible approach to tackle this mounting problem is the implementation of a comprehensive and well-functioning collection and recycling system. An international comparison shows that only a small proportion of the total plastics in circulation is collected and recycled. The investigations conducted under the present research project, ‘Plastic Reborn’, focused on both identification and analysis of the discharge paths of polyolefin-rich waste streams, under the Austrian waste management system. Another objective was determining the utilisation potential of the output fractions of these polyolefin-rich waste streams, generated from a wet mechanical processing pilot plant. Experiments have shown that the polyolefins are successfully separated from the waste streams and that a total polyolefin potential of 429,000 t y −1 remains unexploited in the Austrian waste management system. Thus, these separated plastic fractions can make a significant contribution to the implementation of the European Circular Economy Directive. The residual fractions meet the legal and company-specific requirements for their use as solid recovered fuels in co-combustion plants.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0734-242X , 1096-3669
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1480483-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 46937-3
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2020
    In:  Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy Vol. 38, No. 4 ( 2020-04), p. 408-414
    In: Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 38, No. 4 ( 2020-04), p. 408-414
    Abstract: Landfilling of mineral wool waste in big bags at separate landfill compartments is required in Austria. This results in enormous differences in the Young’s moduli between common construction and demolition (C & D) waste compartments and mineral wool compartments, which causes severe accidents in terms of overturned vehicles due to sudden subsidence of the subsurface. Conditioning of mineral wool waste might be applied to adjust its geomechanical behaviour to that of common C & D waste but has never been investigated scientifically before. In this study we compare three scenarios for the conditioning of rock wool for landfilling: (A) loosely packing, (B) cutting comminution + cement addition and (C) cutting comminution + cement-supported briquetting. The performance of the different sample bodies under landfill conditions was simulated at the lab scale by cyclic loading (1223–3112 N, up to 160 cycles) using a ‘Wille Geotechnik UL 300’ press. The deformation was monitored during the experiment and Young’s modulus was derived graphically, whereas the test execution was piston controlled. The Young’s modulus increased during the experiments from 0.2 MPa to 4.6 MPa for scenario (A), from 0.6 MPa to 20.5 MPa for scenario (B) and from 7.5 MPa to 111.0 MPa for scenario (C). These results show that a combination of comminution and cement-supported briquetting significantly increases the geotechnical performance of mineral wool waste with respect to landfilling, which is still three orders of magnitude below that of common C & D waste, which is in the range of 30,000 MPa.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0734-242X , 1096-3669
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1480483-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 46937-3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    SAGE Publications ; 2014
    In:  Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy Vol. 32, No. 9_suppl ( 2014-09), p. 48-58
    In: Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy, SAGE Publications, Vol. 32, No. 9_suppl ( 2014-09), p. 48-58
    Abstract: For the first time, basic technical and economic studies for landfill mining are being carried out in Austria on the basis of a pilot project. An important goal of these studies is the collection of elementary data as the basis for an integrated ecological and economic assessment of landfill mining projects with regard to their feasibility. For this purpose, economic, ecological, technical, organizational, as well as political and legal influencing factors are identified and extensively studied in the article. An important aspect is the mutual influence of the factors on each other, as this can significantly affect the development of an integrated assessment system. In addition to the influencing factors, the definition of the spatial and temporal system boundaries is crucial for further investigations. Among others, the quality and quantity of recovered waste materials, temporal fluctuations or developments in prices of secondary raw material and fuels attainable in the markets, and time and duration of dumping, play a crucial role. Based on the investigations, the spatial system boundary is defined in as much as all the necessary process steps, from landfill mining, preparing and sorting to providing a marketable material/product by the landfill operator, are taken into account. No general accepted definition can be made for the temporal system boundary because the different time-related influencing factors necessitate an individual project-specific determination and adaptation to the facts of the on-site landfill mining project.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0734-242X , 1096-3669
    Language: English
    Publisher: SAGE Publications
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1480483-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 46937-3
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2020
    In:  Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft Vol. 72, No. 1-2 ( 2020-02), p. 21-37
    In: Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 72, No. 1-2 ( 2020-02), p. 21-37
    Abstract: After the economic boom of the sixties the development towards a “disposable society” followed. As a result the amount of waste continues to rise rapidly and therefore also the associated disposal problems. Key challenges include limited landfill volumes, short resources as well as negative environmental impacts. Although waste management is a very important and quite significant industry, so far the employment effects in statistics or economic calculations have been neglected. In this article different models are used to investigate the potential of employment effects in the treatment of residual waste. The idealized models are based on basic waste management systems, starting from unordered landfill towards improved separate collection. In addition to the manpower requirements for the treated facilities, the employment figures for the collection and the transports are considered in the analysis. In the improved separate collection some part of the residual waste stream flows into the collection for recycling waste. The basis for the calculation of the residual waste composition is the residual waste analysis of the individual federal states from which the quantities for the collection of recycling waste material can be derived. In summary, it turns out that the model of improved separate collection would increase the number of jobs many times more than the other models.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0945-358X , 1613-7566
    Language: German
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2020
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1186984-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2383304-X
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2021
    In:  BHM Berg- und Hüttenmännische Monatshefte Vol. 166, No. 3 ( 2021-03), p. 123-124
    In: BHM Berg- und Hüttenmännische Monatshefte, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 166, No. 3 ( 2021-03), p. 123-124
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0005-8912 , 1613-7531
    RVK:
    Language: German
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2376950-6
    SSG: 19,1
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2023
    In:  BHM Berg- und Hüttenmännische Monatshefte Vol. 168, No. 7 ( 2023-07), p. 315-317
    In: BHM Berg- und Hüttenmännische Monatshefte, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 168, No. 7 ( 2023-07), p. 315-317
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0005-8912 , 1613-7531
    RVK:
    Language: German
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2376950-6
    SSG: 19,1
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2017
    In:  Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft Vol. 69, No. 11-12 ( 2017-12), p. 446-459
    In: Österreichische Wasser- und Abfallwirtschaft, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 69, No. 11-12 ( 2017-12), p. 446-459
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0945-358X , 1613-7566
    Language: German
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1186984-7
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2383304-X
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
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