GLORIA

GEOMAR Library Ocean Research Information Access

X

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    What Makes People Join Conspiracy Communities? : Role of Social Factors in Conspiracy Engagement
    Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) ; 2021
    In:  Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction Vol. 4, No. CSCW3 ( 2021-01-05), p. 1-30
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Vol. 4, No. CSCW3 ( 2021-01-05), p. 1-30
    Abstract: Widespread conspiracy theories, like those motivating anti-vaccination attitudes or climate change denial, propel collective action, and bear society-wide consequences. Yet, empirical research has largely studied conspiracy theory adoption as an individual pursuit, rather than as a socially mediated process. What makes users join communities endorsing and spreading conspiracy theories? We leverage longitudinal data from 56 conspiracy communities on Reddit to compare individual and social factors determining which users join the communities. Using a quasi-experimental approach, we first identify 30K future conspiracists?(FC) and30K matched non-conspiracists?(NC). We then provide empirical evidence of the importance of social factors across six dimensions relative to the individual factors by analyzing 6 million Reddit comments and posts. Specifically, in social factors, we find that dyadic interactions with members of the conspiracy communities and marginalization outside of the conspiracy communities are the most important social precursors to conspiracy joining-even outperforming individual factor baselines. Our results offer quantitative backing to understand social processes and echo chamber effects in conspiratorial engagement, with important implications for democratic institutions and online communities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2573-0142
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1145/3432922
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2930194-4
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Abstract PR06: A functional screen of the epigenome identifies BRM/SMARCA2 as a critical synthetic lethal target in BRG1-deficient cancers.
    American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) ; 2013
    In:  Molecular Cancer Therapeutics Vol. 12, No. 11_Supplement ( 2013-11-01), p. PR06-PR06
    Details
    In: Molecular Cancer Therapeutics, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 12, No. 11_Supplement ( 2013-11-01), p. PR06-PR06
    Abstract: Epigenetic dysregulation is an emerging hallmark of cancers, and the identification of recurrent somatic mutations in chromatin regulators implies a causal role for altered chromatin states in tumorigenesis. As the majority of epigenetic mutations are inactivating and thus do not present directly druggable targets, we reasoned that these mutations may alter the epigenomic state of cancer cells and thereby expose novel epigenetic vulnerabilities. To systematically search for epigenetic synthetic lethal interactions, we performed a deep coverage pooled shRNA screen across a large collection of cancer cell lines using a library targeting a diverse set of epigenetic regulators. Strikingly, this unbiased screen revealed that silencing of the SWI/SNF ATPase subunit BRM/SMARCA2, selectively inhibits the proliferation of BRG1-deficient cancer cells. The mammalian SWI/SNF complexes (mSWI/SNF) regulate chromatin structure through ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling. Recent cancer genome studies have revealed a significant frequency of mutations in several components of the mSWI/SNF complexes including loss of the catalytic subunit BRG1 in non-small cell lung cancers. Our studies reveal that BRM knockdown selectively induced cell cycle arrest in BRG1-mutant cancer cells and significantly impaired the growth of BRG1-mutant lung tumor xenografts. BRM is the paralog of BRG1, suggesting a model in which mSWI/SNF mutations lead to a hypomorphic complex that promotes tumorigenesis but cannot tolerate complete inactivation. Therefore, our studies present BRM as an attractive therapeutic target in BRG1-mutant cancers. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):PR06. Citation Format: Zainab Jagani, Gregory Hoffman, Rami Rahal, Frank Buxton, Gregory McAllister, Kay Xiang, Elizabeth Frias, Janina Huber, Alicia Lindeman, Dongshu Chen, Linda Bagdasarian, Rodrigo Romero, Nadire Ramadan, Tanushree Phadke, Kristy Haas, Mariela Jaskelioff, Boris Wilson, Matthew Meyer, Margaret E. McLaughlin, Charles WM Roberts, Vic Myer, Jeff Porter, Nicholas Keen, Craig Mickanin, Frank Stegmeier. A functional screen of the epigenome identifies BRM/SMARCA2 as a critical synthetic lethal target in BRG1-deficient cancers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr PR06.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1535-7163 , 1538-8514
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.TARG-13-PR06
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2013
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2062135-8
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    560. Therapeutic Editing of the HBB Locus Using the Endogenous HBD Locus as a Donor Template
    Elsevier BV ; 2015
    In:  Molecular Therapy Vol. 23 ( 2015-05), p. S224-
    Details
    In: Molecular Therapy, Elsevier BV, Vol. 23 ( 2015-05), p. S224-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1525-0016
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/S1525-0016(16)34169-7
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2015
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2001818-6
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Multidimensional pooled shRNA screens in human THP-1 cells identify candidate modulators of macrophage polarization
    Public Library of Science (PLoS) ; 2017
    In:  PLOS ONE Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2017-8-24), p. e0183679-
    Details
    In: PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science (PLoS), Vol. 12, No. 8 ( 2017-8-24), p. e0183679-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1932-6203
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183679
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183679.g001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183679.g002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183679.g003
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183679.g004
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183679.t001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183679.s001
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183679.s002
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183679.s003
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183679.s004
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183679.s005
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183679.s006
    DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183679.s007
    Language: English
    Publisher: Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2267670-3
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Educators, Solicitors, Flamers, Motivators, Sympathizers: Characterizing Roles in Online Extremist Movements
    Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) ; 2021
    In:  Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction Vol. 5, No. CSCW2 ( 2021-10-13), p. 1-35
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Vol. 5, No. CSCW2 ( 2021-10-13), p. 1-35
    Abstract: Social media provides the means by which extremist social movements, such as white supremacy and anti-LGBTQ, thrive online. Yet, we know little about the roles played by the participants of such movements. In this paper, we investigate these participants to characterize their roles, their role dynamics, and their influence in spreading online extremism. Our participants-online extremist accounts-are 4,876 public Facebook pages or groups that have shared information from the websites of 289 Southern Poverty LawCenter (SPLC) designated extremist groups. Guided by theories of participatory activism, we map the information sharing features of these extremists accounts. By clustering the quantitative features followed by qualitative expert validation, we identify five roles surrounding extremist activism-educators, solicitors, flamers, motivators, sympathizers. For example, solicitors use links from extremist websites to attract donations and participation in extremist issues, whereas flamers share inflammatory extremist content inciting anger. We further investigate role dynamics such as, how stable these roles are over time and how likely will extremist accounts transition from one role into another. We find that roles core to the movement-educators and solicitors-are more stable, while flamers and motivators can transition to sympathizers with high probability. Finally, using a Hawkes process model, we test which roles are more influential in spreading various types of information. We find that educators and solicitors exert the most influence in triggering extremist link posts, whereas flamers are influential in triggering the spread of information from fake news sources. Our results help in situating various roles on the trajectory of deeper engagement into the extremist movements and understanding the potential effect of various counter-extremism interventions. Our findings have implications for understanding how online extremist movements flourish through participatory activism and how they gain a spectrum of allies for mobilizing extremism online.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2573-0142
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1145/3476051
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2930194-4
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Functional epigenetics approach identifies BRM/SMARCA2 as a critical synthetic lethal target in BRG1-deficient cancers
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ; 2014
    In:  Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Vol. 111, No. 8 ( 2014-02-25), p. 3128-3133
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, No. 8 ( 2014-02-25), p. 3128-3133
    Abstract: Defects in epigenetic regulation play a fundamental role in the development of cancer, and epigenetic regulators have recently emerged as promising therapeutic candidates. We therefore set out to systematically interrogate epigenetic cancer dependencies by screening an epigenome-focused deep-coverage design shRNA (DECODER) library across 58 cancer cell lines. This screen identified BRM/SMARCA2, a DNA-dependent ATPase of the mammalian SWI/SNF (mSWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex, as being essential for the growth of tumor cells that harbor loss of function mutations in BRG1/SMARCA4. Depletion of BRM in BRG1-deficient cancer cells leads to a cell cycle arrest, induction of senescence, and increased levels of global H3K9me3. We further demonstrate the selective dependency of BRG1 -mutant tumors on BRM in vivo. Genetic alterations of the mSWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complexes are the most frequent among chromatin regulators in cancers, with BRG1/SMARCA4 mutations occurring in ∼10–15% of lung adenocarcinomas. Our findings position BRM as an attractive therapeutic target for BRG1 mutated cancers. Because BRG1 and BRM function as mutually exclusive catalytic subunits of the mSWI/SNF complex, we propose that such synthetic lethality may be explained by paralog insufficiency, in which loss of one family member unveils critical dependence on paralogous subunits. This concept of “cancer-selective paralog dependency” may provide a more general strategy for targeting other tumor suppressor lesions/complexes with paralogous subunits.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0027-8424 , 1091-6490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1316793111
    RVK:
    TA 1000
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
    Publication Date: 2014
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 209104-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1461794-8
    SSG: 11
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Pathways through Conspiracy: The Evolution of Conspiracy Radicalization through Engagement in Online Conspiracy Discussions
    Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) ; 2022
    In:  Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media Vol. 16 ( 2022-05-31), p. 770-781
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), Vol. 16 ( 2022-05-31), p. 770-781
    Abstract: The disruptive offline mobilization of participants in online conspiracy theory (CT) discussions has highlighted the importance of understanding how online users may form radicalized conspiracy beliefs. While prior work researched the factors leading up to joining online CT discussions and provided theories of how conspiracy beliefs form, we have little understanding of how conspiracy radicalization evolves after users join CT discussion communities. In this paper, we provide the empirical modeling of various radicalization phases in online CT discussion participants. To unpack how conspiracy engagement is related to radicalization, we first characterize the users' journey through CT discussions via conspiracy engagement pathways. Specifically, by studying 36K Reddit users through their 169M contributions, we uncover four distinct pathways of conspiracy engagement: steady high, increasing, decreasing, and steady low. We further model three successive stages of radicalization guided by prior theoretical works. Specific sub-populations of users, namely those on steady high and increasing conspiracy engagement pathways, progress successively through various radicalization stages. In contrast, users on the decreasing engagement pathway show distinct behavior: they limit their CT discussions to specialized topics, participate in diverse discussion groups, and show reduced conformity with conspiracy subreddits. By examining users who disengage from online CT discussions, this paper provides promising insights about conspiracy recovery process.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2334-0770 , 2162-3449
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1609/icwsm.v16i1.19333
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)
    Publication Date: 2022
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Project DRIVE: A Compendium of Cancer Dependencies and Synthetic Lethal Relationships Uncovered by Large-Scale, Deep RNAi Screening
    Elsevier BV ; 2017
    In:  Cell Vol. 170, No. 3 ( 2017-07), p. 577-592.e10
    Details
    In: Cell, Elsevier BV, Vol. 170, No. 3 ( 2017-07), p. 577-592.e10
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0092-8674
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2017.07.005
    RVK:
    XA 36269
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 187009-9
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2001951-8
    SSG: 12
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Learning from the Ex-Believers: Individuals' Journeys In and Out of Conspiracy Theories Online
    Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) ; 2023
    In:  Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction Vol. 7, No. CSCW2 ( 2023-09-28), p. 1-37
    Details
    In: Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction, Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Vol. 7, No. CSCW2 ( 2023-09-28), p. 1-37
    Abstract: Conspiracy theories in online spaces, such as anti-vaccination or QAnon, present a unique amalgamation of misinformation, disinformation, and propaganda disguised in entertaining, attention-grabbing content that may appeal to peoples' cultural, moral, or social identities. Studies aiming to understand how people may engage with conspiracy theory content online, or how they may lose belief in conspiracy theories often approach research from a purely theoretical or empirical point of view. In this work, through in-depth interviews with former believers of more than 12 conspiracy theories, with experiences across almost two decades and numerous online platforms, we aim to contribute an understanding of how various online and offline factors synergize to shape a user's engagement, tenure, and disengagement in online conspiracy theorizing. We further investigate how some users recover from conspiracy theorizing with the help of online recovery communities. We find how pre-existing biases and predispositions towards conspiracy theorizing often carry over in online spaces where a user's conspiracy theory worldviews further evolve through content recommendations, interactions in online communities, and socially-primed self-reflections. We also find reasons, such as exposure to inconsistencies in theories or toxicity and anti-social attitudes in online spaces, through which users get disillusioned from conspiracy theories. Our work has implications in bringing forward often unobserved impacts of internet-mediated conspiracy theorizing on the believers---the resulting mental health issues such as depression, distrust and anxiety, and social isolation---which is comparable to the indoctrination trauma. Moreover, our interviews reveal an important role played by online communities in helping users recover from conspiracy theory beliefs by finding empathy and solidarity in fellow former believers. We conclude by providing a path forward for how social computing researchers can contribute online community designs that aid existing issues surrounding safety, inclusivity, and lack of resources in existing online conspiracy theory recovery communities.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2573-0142
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1145/3610076
    Language: English
    Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2930194-4
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Characterization of the interplay between DNA repair and CRISPR/Cas9-induced DNA lesions at an endogenous locus
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 2017
    In:  Nature Communications Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2017-01-09)
    Details
    In: Nature Communications, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 8, No. 1 ( 2017-01-09)
    Abstract: The CRISPR–Cas9 system provides a versatile toolkit for genome engineering that can introduce various DNA lesions at specific genomic locations. However, a better understanding of the nature of these lesions and the repair pathways engaged is critical to realizing the full potential of this technology. Here we characterize the different lesions arising from each Cas9 variant and the resulting repair pathway engagement. We demonstrate that the presence and polarity of the overhang structure is a critical determinant of double-strand break repair pathway choice. Similarly, single nicks deriving from different Cas9 variants differentially activate repair: D10A but not N863A-induced nicks are repaired by homologous recombination. Finally, we demonstrate that homologous recombination is required for repairing lesions using double-stranded, but not single-stranded DNA as a template. This detailed characterization of repair pathway choice in response to CRISPR–Cas9 enables a more deterministic approach for designing research and therapeutic genome engineering strategies.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2041-1723
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13905
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2017
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2553671-0
    Location Call Number Limitation Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Online Resource
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...