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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Homologous Immunotolerance and Decreased Resistance to Schistosoma mansoni in Echinostoma revolutum-Infected Mice
    JSTOR ; 1981
    In:  The Journal of Parasitology Vol. 67, No. 2 ( 1981-04), p. 164-
    Details
    In: The Journal of Parasitology, JSTOR, Vol. 67, No. 2 ( 1981-04), p. 164-
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3395
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2307/3280629
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: JSTOR
    Publication Date: 1981
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2133204-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Angiotensin II attenuates the natriuresis of water immersion in humans
    American Physiological Society ; 2002
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology Vol. 283, No. 1 ( 2002-07-01), p. R187-R196
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 283, No. 1 ( 2002-07-01), p. R187-R196
    Abstract: The hypothesis was tested that suppression of generation of ANG II is one of the mechanisms of the water immersion (WI)-induced natriuresis in humans. In one protocol, eight healthy young males were subjected to 3 h of 1) WI (WI + placebo), 2) WI combined with ANG II infusion of 0.5 ng · kg −1 · min −1 (WI + ANG II-low), and 3) a seated time control (Con). In another almost identical protocol, 7–10 healthy young males were investigated to delineate the tubular site(s) of action of ANG II by the lithium clearance method (C Li ) and were on an additional fourth study day subjected to infusion of ANG II at a rate of 1.5 ng · kg −1 · min −1 (WI + ANG II-high). During WI + placebo, plasma concentration of ANG II decreased from 16 ± 2 to 8 ± 1 pg/ml ( P 〈 0.05) and renal sodium excretion increased from 104 ± 15 to 294 ± 27 μmol/min ( P 〈 0.05). During WI + ANG II-low, plasma ANG II was not suppressed by WI, and the natriuresis was blunted by 52 ± 13% ( P 〈 0.05). During WI + ANG II-low and WI + ANG II-high, an increase in C Li was prevented that was otherwise observed during WI, and fractional distal reabsorption of sodium was facilitated. In conclusion, maintaining plasma concentration of ANG II unchanged at the level of control attenuates the natriuresis of WI considerably in humans. Therefore, suppression of generation of ANG II is an important mechanism of the natriuresis of WI in humans. Furthermore, infusion of ANG II during WI prevents an otherwise induced increase in C Li and facilitates the fractional distal reabsorption of sodium, probably via an effect on aldosterone release.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6119 , 1522-1490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00536.2001
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477297-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Hemodynamic and neuroendocrine responses to changes in sodium intake in compensated heart failure
    American Physiological Society ; 2006
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology Vol. 290, No. 5 ( 2006-05), p. R1294-R1301
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 290, No. 5 ( 2006-05), p. R1294-R1301
    Abstract: Patients with untreated heart failure (HF) exhibit a blunted hemodynamic and neuroendocrine response to a high sodium intake, leading to excessive sodium and water retention. However, it is not known whether this is the case for patients with compensated HF receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and β-adrenoreceptor blockers. Therefore, we determined the hemodynamic and neuroendocrine responses to 1 wk of a low-sodium diet (70 mmol/day) and 1 wk of a high-sodium diet (250 mmol/day) in 12 HF patients and 12 age-matched controls in a randomized, balanced fashion. During steady-state conditions, hemodynamic and neuroendocrine examinations were performed at rest and during bicycle exercise. In seated HF patients, high sodium intake increased body weight (1.6 ± 0.4%), plasma volume (9 ± 2%), cardiac index (14 ± 6%), and stroke volume index (21 ± 5%), whereas mean arterial pressure was unchanged. Therefore, the total peripheral resistance decreased by 10 ± 4%. Similar hemodynamic changes were observed during an incremental bicycle exercise test. Plasma concentrations of angiotensin II and norepinephrine were suppressed, whereas plasma pro-B-type natriuretic peptide remained unchanged. In conclusion, high sodium intake was tolerated without any excessive sodium and water retention in medically treated patients with compensated HF. The observation that high sodium intake improves cardiac performance, induces peripheral vasodilatation, and suppresses the release of vasoconstrictor hormones does not support the advice for HF patients to restrict dietary sodium.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6119 , 1522-1490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00738.2005
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2006
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477297-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Neuroendocrine and renal effects of intravascular volume expansion in compensated heart failure
    American Physiological Society ; 2001
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology Vol. 281, No. 2 ( 2001-08-01), p. R459-R467
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 281, No. 2 ( 2001-08-01), p. R459-R467
    Abstract: To examine if the neuroendocrine link between volume sensing and renal function is preserved in compensated chronic heart failure [HF, ejection fraction 0.29 ± 0.03 (mean ± SE)] we tested the hypothesis that intravascular and central blood volume expansion by 3 h of water immersion (WI) elicits a natriuresis. In HF, WI suppressed ANG II and aldosterone (Aldo) concentrations, increased the release of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and elicited a natriuresis ( P 〈 0.05 for all) compared with seated control. Compared with control subjects ( n = 9), ANG II, Aldo, and ANP concentrations were increased ( P 〈 0.05) in HF, whereas absolute and fractional sodium excretion rates were attenuated [47 ± 16 vs. 88 ± 15 μmol/min and 0.42 ± 0.18 vs. 0.68 ± 0.12% (mean ± SE), respectively, both P 〈 0.05]. When ANG II and Aldo concentrations were further suppressed ( P 〈 0.05) during WI in HF (by sustained angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy, n = 9) absolute and fractional sodium excretion increased ( P 〈 0.05) to the level of control subjects (108 ± 34 μmol/min and 0.70 ± 0.23%, respectively). Renal free water clearance increased during WI in control subjects but not in HF, albeit plasma vasopressin concentrations were similar in the two groups. In conclusion, the neuroendocrine link between volume sensing and renal sodium excretion is preserved in compensated HF. The natriuresis of WI is, however, modulated by the prevailing ANG II and Aldo concentrations. In contrast, renal free water clearance is attenuated in response to volume expansion in compensated HF despite normalized plasma AVP concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6119 , 1522-1490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.2001.281.2.R459
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477297-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Structure and absolute configuration of ginkgolide B characterized by IR‐ and VCD spectroscopy
    Wiley ; 2010
    In:  Chirality Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2010-02), p. 217-223
    Details
    In: Chirality, Wiley, Vol. 22, No. 2 ( 2010-02), p. 217-223
    Abstract: Experimental and calculated (B3LYP/6‐31G(d)) vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) and IR spectra are compared, illustrating that the structure and absolute configuration of ginkgolide B (GB) may be characterized directly in solution. A conformational search for GB using MacroModel and subsequent DFT optimizations (B3LYP/6‐31G(d)) provides a structure for the lowest energy conformer which agrees well with the structure determined by X‐ray diffraction. In addition, a conformer at an energy of 7 kJ mol −1 (B3LYP/6‐311+G(2d,2p)) with respect to the lowest energy conformer is predicted, displaying different intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Differences between measured and calculated IR and VCD spectra for GB at certain wavenumbers are rationalized in terms of interactions with solvent, intermolecular GB‐GB interactions, and the potential presence of more than one conformer. This is the first detailed investigation of the spectroscopic fingerprint region (850−1300 cm −1 ) of the natural product GB employing infrared absorption and VCD spectroscopy. Chirality, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0899-0042 , 1520-636X
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/chir.v22:2
    DOI: 10.1002/chir.20730
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2010
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2001237-8
    SSG: 12
    SSG: 15,3
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    PreeclampsiaacA State of Prostaglandin Deficiency? Urinary Prostaglandin Excretion, the Renin-Aldosterone System, and Circulating Catecholamines in Preeclampsia
    Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health) ; 1983
    In:  Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey Vol. 38, No. 9 ( 1983-09), p. 546-547
    Details
    In: Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey, Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health), Vol. 38, No. 9 ( 1983-09), p. 546-547
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0029-7828
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1097/00006254-198309000-00003
    Language: English
    Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
    Publication Date: 1983
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2043471-6
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Vasopressin, angiotensin II and renal responses during water immersion in hydrated humans
    Wiley ; 1998
    In:  The Journal of Physiology Vol. 511, No. 1 ( 1998-08), p. 323-330
    Details
    In: The Journal of Physiology, Wiley, Vol. 511, No. 1 ( 1998-08), p. 323-330
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-3751
    URL: Issue
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/tjp.1998.511.issue-1
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.323bi.x
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 1998
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1475290-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 8
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Effects of sodium intake on cardiovascular variables in humans during posture changes and ambulatory conditions
    American Physiological Society ; 2002
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology Vol. 283, No. 6 ( 2002-12-01), p. R1404-R1411
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 283, No. 6 ( 2002-12-01), p. R1404-R1411
    Abstract: The hypothesis was tested that cardiac output (CO) and stroke volume (SV) are increased by a moderate physiological elevation in sodium intake with a more pronounced effect in the ambulatory upright seated than supine position. Fourteen healthy males were investigated during ambulatory and controlled laboratory conditions at the end of two consecutive 5-day periods with sodium intakes of 70 (low) and 250 (high) mmol/24 h or vice versa, respectively. Comparing high and low sodium intake, plasma volume and plasma protein concentrations were 9 and 8% higher in the seated and the supine position, respectively. When seated during laboratory conditions, CO was 5.3 ± 0.2 l/min on the high sodium intake vs. 4.8 ± 0.2 l/min on the low ( P 〈 0.05), and SV was 81 ± 3 vs. 68 ± 3 ml ( P 〈 0.05). In the supine position, SV was 107 ± 3 ml on the high vs. 99 ± 3 ml ( P 〈 0.05) on the low sodium intake, while CO remained unchanged. The difference in CO and SV induced by the change in sodium intake was significantly higher in the seated than in the supine position ( P 〈 0.05). During upright ambulatory conditions, CO was 5.9 ± 0.2 l/min during the high and 5.2 ± 0.2 l/min during the low sodium intake ( P 〈 0.05), and SV was 84 ± 3 and 69 ± 3 ml ( P 〈 0.05), respectively. Mean arterial pressure was unchanged by the variations in sodium intake. In conclusion, increments in sodium intake within the normal physiological range increase CO and SV and more so in the seated vs. the supine position. These changes are readily detectable during upright, ambulatory conditions. The results indicate that the higher SV and CO could constitute an arterial baroreflex stimulus for the augmented renal sodium excretion.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6119 , 1522-1490
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00198.2002
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477297-8
    SSG: 12
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Central volume expansion is pivotal for sustained decrease in heart rate during seated to supine posture change
    American Physiological Society ; 2001
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology Vol. 281, No. 3 ( 2001-09-01), p. H1274-H1279
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 281, No. 3 ( 2001-09-01), p. H1274-H1279
    Abstract: During prolonged, static carotid baroreceptor stimulation by neck suction (NS) in seated humans, heart rate (HR) decreases acutely and thereafter gradually increases. This increase has been explained by carotid baroreceptor adaptation and/or buffering by aortic reflexes. During a posture change from seated to supine (Sup) with similar carotid stimulation, however, the decrease in HR is sustained. To investigate whether this discrepancy is caused by changes in central blood volume, we compared ( n = 10 subjects) the effects of 10 min of seated NS (adjusted to simulate carotid stimulation of a posture change), a posture change from seated to Sup, and the same posture change with left atrial (LA) diameter maintained unchanged by lower body negative pressure (Sup + LBNP). During Sup, the prompt decreases in HR and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were sustained. HR decreased similarly within 30 s of NS (65 ± 2 to 59 ± 2 beats/min) and Sup + LBNP (65 ± 2 to 58 ± 2 beats/min) and thereafter gradually increased to values of seated. MAP decreased similarly within 5 min during Sup + LBNP and NS (by 7 ± 1 to 9 ± 1 mmHg) and thereafter tended to increase toward values of seated subjects. Arterial pulse pressure was increased the most by Sup, less so by Sup + LBNP, and was unchanged by NS. LA diameter was only increased by Sup. In conclusion, static carotid baroreceptor stimulation per se causes the acute ( 〈 30 s) decrease in HR during a posture change from seated to Sup, whereas the central volume expansion (increased LA diameter and/or arterial pulse pressure) is pivotal to sustain this decrease. Thus the effects of central volume expansion override adaptation of the carotid baroreceptors and/or buffering of aortic reflexes.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6135 , 1522-1539
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.2001.281.3.H1274
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477308-9
    SSG: 12
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Cardiovascular effects of static carotid baroreceptor stimulation during water immersion in humans
    American Physiological Society ; 2001
    In:  American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology Vol. 280, No. 6 ( 2001-06-01), p. H2607-H2615
    Details
    In: American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology, American Physiological Society, Vol. 280, No. 6 ( 2001-06-01), p. H2607-H2615
    Abstract: We hypothesized that the more-pronounced hypotensive and bradycardic effects of an antiorthostatic posture change from seated to supine than water immersion are caused by hydrostatic carotid baroreceptor stimulation. Ten seated healthy males underwent five interventions of 15-min each of 1) posture change to supine, 2) seated water immersion to the Xiphoid process (WI), 3) seated neck suction (NS), 4) WI with simultaneous neck suction (−22 mmHg) adjusted to simulate the carotid hydrostatic pressure increase during supine (WI + NS), and 5) seated control. Left atrial diameter increased similarly during supine, WI + NS, and WI and was unchanged during control and NS. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased the most during supine (7 ± 1 mmHg, P 〈 0.05) and less during WI + NS (4 ± 1 mmHg) and NS (3 ± 1 mmHg). The decrease in heart rate (HR) by 13 ± 1 beats/min ( P 〈 0.05) and the increase in arterial pulse pressure (PP) by 17 ± 4 mmHg ( P 〈 0.05) during supine was more pronounced ( P 〈 0.05) than during WI + NS (10 ± 2 beats/min and 7 ± 2 mmHg, respectively) and WI (8 ± 2 beats/min and 6 ± 1 mmHg, respectively, P 〈 0.05). Plasma vasopressin decreased only during supine and WI, and plasma norepinephrine, in addition, decreased during WI + NS ( P 〈 0.05). In conclusion, WI + NS is not sufficient to decrease MAP and HR to a similar extent as a 15-min seated to supine posture change. We suggest that not only static carotid baroreceptor stimulation but also the increase in PP combined with low-pressure receptor stimulation is a possible mechanism for the more-pronounced decrease in MAP and HR during the posture change.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0363-6135 , 1522-1539
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.6.H2607
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Physiological Society
    Publication Date: 2001
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1477308-9
    SSG: 12
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