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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The soil and plant biogeochemistry sampling design for The National Ecological Observatory Network
    Wiley ; 2016
    In:  Ecosphere Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2016-03)
    Details
    In: Ecosphere, Wiley, Vol. 7, No. 3 ( 2016-03)
    Abstract: Human impacts on biogeochemical cycles are evident around the world, from changes to forest structure and function due to atmospheric deposition, to eutrophication of surface waters from agricultural effluent, and increasing concentrations of carbon dioxide ( CO 2 ) in the atmosphere. The National Ecological Observatory Network ( NEON ) will contribute to understanding human effects on biogeochemical cycles from local to continental scales. The broad NEON biogeochemistry measurement design focuses on measuring atmospheric deposition of reactive mineral compounds and CO 2 fluxes, ecosystem carbon (C) and nutrient stocks, and surface water chemistry across 20 eco‐climatic domains within the United States for 30 yr. Herein, we present the rationale and plan for the ground‐based measurements of C and nutrients in soils and plants based on overarching or “high‐level” requirements agreed upon by the National Science Foundation and NEON . The resulting design incorporates early recommendations by expert review teams, as well as recent input from the larger natural sciences community that went into the formation and interpretation of the requirements, respectively. NEON 's efforts will focus on a suite of data streams that will enable end‐users to study and predict changes to biogeochemical cycling and transfers within and across air, land, and water systems at regional to continental scales. At each NEON site, there will be an initial, one‐time effort to survey soil properties to 1 m (including soil texture, bulk density, pH , baseline chemistry) and vegetation community structure and diversity. A sampling program will follow, focused on capturing long‐term trends in soil C, nitrogen (N), and sulfur stocks, isotopic composition (of C and N), soil N transformation rates, phosphorus pools, and plant tissue chemistry and isotopic composition (of C and N). To this end, NEON will conduct extensive measurements of soils and plants within stratified random plots distributed across each site. The resulting data will be a new resource for members of the scientific community interested in addressing questions about long‐term changes in continental‐scale biogeochemical cycles, and is predicted to inspire further process‐based research.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2150-8925 , 2150-8925
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1234
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2016
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2572257-8
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Carbon isotope dynamics of free-air CO2-enriched cotton and soils
    Elsevier BV ; 1994
    In:  Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Vol. 70, No. 1-4 ( 1994-09), p. 87-101
    Details
    In: Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, Elsevier BV, Vol. 70, No. 1-4 ( 1994-09), p. 87-101
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0168-1923
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1016/0168-1923(94)90049-3
    Language: English
    Publisher: Elsevier BV
    Publication Date: 1994
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2012165-9
    SSG: 23
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  • 3
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    A new automated technique for measuring respiration in soil samples
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 1987
    In:  Plant and Soil Vol. 101, No. 2 ( 1987-9), p. 183-187
    Details
    In: Plant and Soil, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 101, No. 2 ( 1987-9), p. 183-187
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0032-079X , 1573-5036
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/BF02370643
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 1987
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478535-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208908-7
    SSG: 12
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  • 4
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Growth measurements of terrestrial microbial species by a continuous-flow technique
    Springer Science and Business Media LLC ; 1987
    In:  Plant and Soil Vol. 101, No. 2 ( 1987-9), p. 189-195
    Details
    In: Plant and Soil, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 101, No. 2 ( 1987-9), p. 189-195
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0032-079X , 1573-5036
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1007/BF02370644
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 1987
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478535-3
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208908-7
    SSG: 12
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  • 5
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Conversion of Biovolume Measurements of Soil Organisms, Grown Under Various Moisture Tensions, to Biomass and Their Nutrient Content
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1979
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 37, No. 4 ( 1979-04), p. 686-692
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 37, No. 4 ( 1979-04), p. 686-692
    Abstract: Direct microscopic measurements of biomass in soil require conversion factors for calculation of the mass of microorganisms from the measured volumes. These factors were determined for two bacteria, five fungi, and a yeast isolated from soil. Moisture stress conditions occurring in nature were simulated by growth in two media using shake cultures, on agar plates, and on membranes held at 34, 330, and 1,390 kPa of suction. The observed conversion factors, i.e., the ratio between dry weight and wet volume, generally increased with increasing moisture stress. The ratios for fungi ranged from 0.11 to 0.41 g/cm 3 with an average of 0.33 g/cm 3 . Correction of earlier data assuming 80% water and a wet-weight specific gravity of 1.1 would require a conversion factor of 1.44. The dry-weight specific gravity of bacteria and yeasts ranged from 0.38 to 1.4 g/cm 3 with an average of 0.8 g/cm 3 . These high values can only occur at 10% ash if no more than 50% of the cell is water, and a specific conversion factor to correct past data for bacterial biomass has not yet been suggested. The high conversion factors for bacteria and yeast could not be explained by shrinkage of cells due to heat fixing, but shrinkage during preparation could not be completely discounted. Moisture stress affected the C, N, and P content of the various organisms, with the ash contents increasing with increasing moisture stress. Although further work is necessary to obtain accurate conversion factors between biovolume and biomass, especially for bacteria, this study clearly indicates that existing data on the specific gravity and the water and nutrient content of microorganisms grown in shake cultures cannot be applied when quantifying the soil microbial biomass.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/aem.37.4.686-692.1979
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1979
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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  • 6
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Sensitivity of organic matter decomposition to warming varies with its quality : TEMPERATURE SENSITIVITY OF ORGANIC MATTER DECOMPOSITION
    Wiley ; 2008
    In:  Global Change Biology Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2008-04), p. 868-877
    Details
    In: Global Change Biology, Wiley, Vol. 14, No. 4 ( 2008-04), p. 868-877
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1354-1013
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01541.x
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2008
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2020313-5
    SSG: 12
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  • 7
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    The Role of Soil Characteristics on Temperature Sensitivity of Soil Organic Matter
    Wiley ; 2011
    In:  Soil Science Society of America Journal Vol. 75, No. 1 ( 2011-01), p. 56-68
    Details
    In: Soil Science Society of America Journal, Wiley, Vol. 75, No. 1 ( 2011-01), p. 56-68
    Abstract: The uncertainty associated with how projected climate change will affect global C cycling could have a large impact on predictions of soil C stocks. The purpose of our study was to determine how various soil decomposition and chemistry characteristics relate to soil organic matter (SOM) temperature sensitivity. We accomplished this objective using long‐term soil incubations at three temperatures (15, 25, and 35°C) and pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry (py‐MBMS) on 12 soils from 6 sites along a mean annual temperature (MAT) gradient (2–25.6°C). The Q 10 values calculated from the CO 2 respired during a long‐term incubation using the Q 10‐q method showed decomposition of the more resistant fraction to be more temperature sensitive with a Q 10‐q of 1.95 ± 0.08 for the labile fraction and a Q 10‐q of 3.33 ± 0.04 for the more resistant fraction. We compared the fit of soil respiration data using a two‐pool model (active and slow) with first‐order kinetics with a three‐pool model and found that the two and three‐pool models statistically fit the data equally well. The three‐pool model changed the size and rate constant for the more resistant pool. The size of the active pool in these soils, calculated using the two‐pool model, increased with incubation temperature and ranged from 0.1 to 14.0% of initial soil organic C. Sites with an intermediate MAT and lowest C/N ratio had the largest active pool. Pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry showed declines in carbohydrates with conversion from grassland to wheat cultivation and a greater amount of protected carbohydrates in allophanic soils which may have lead to differences found between the total amount of CO 2 respired, the size of the active pool, and the Q 10‐q values of the soils.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0361-5995 , 1435-0661
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.2136/sssaj2010.0118
    RVK:
    RA 4845
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2011
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 241415-6
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2239747-4
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 196788-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1481691-X
    SSG: 13
    SSG: 21
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  • 8
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    Online Resource
    Comparison of Nitrification Rates in Blueberry and Forest Soils
    American Society for Horticultural Science ; 2002
    In:  Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science Vol. 127, No. 1 ( 2002-01), p. 136-142
    Details
    In: Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, American Society for Horticultural Science, Vol. 127, No. 1 ( 2002-01), p. 136-142
    Abstract: Highbush blueberries ( Vaccinium corymbosum L.) are long lived perennial plants that are grown on acidic soils. The goal of this study was to determine how blueberry cultivation might influence the nitrification capacity of acidic soils by comparing the nitrification potential of blueberry soils to adjacent noncultivated forest soils. The net nitrification potential of blueberry and forest soils was compared by treating soils with 15 N enriched (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 , and monitoring nitrate (NO 3 - -N) production during a 34-day incubation period in plastic bags at 18 °C. Net nitrification was also compared by an aerobic slurry method. Autotrophic nitrifiers were quantified by the most probable number method. Nitrate production from labeled ammonium ( 15 NH 4 + ) indicated that nitrification was more rapid in blueberry soils than in forest soils from six of the seven study sites. Slurry nitrification assays provided similar results. Blueberry soils also contained higher numbers of nitrifying bacteria compared to forest soils. Nitrification in forest soils did not appear to be limited by availability of NH 4 + substrate. Results suggest that blueberry production practices lead to greater numbers of autotrophic nitrifying bacteria and increased nitrification capacity, possibly resulting from annual application of ammonium containing fertilizers.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0003-1062 , 2327-9788
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.21273/JASHS.127.1.136
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: American Society for Horticultural Science
    Publication Date: 2002
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2040057-3
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  • 9
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Defining a realistic control for the chloroform fumigation-incubation method using microscopic counting and 14 C-substrates
    Canadian Science Publishing ; 1996
    In:  Canadian Journal of Soil Science Vol. 76, No. 4 ( 1996-11-01), p. 459-467
    Details
    In: Canadian Journal of Soil Science, Canadian Science Publishing, Vol. 76, No. 4 ( 1996-11-01), p. 459-467
    Abstract: Chloroform fumigation-incubation (CFI) has made possible the extensive characterization of soil microbial biomass carbon (C) (MBC). Defining the non-microbial C mineralized in soils following fumigation remains the major limitation of CFI. The mineralization of non-microbial C during CFI was examined by adding 14 C-maize to soil before incubation. The decomposition of the 14 C-maize during a 10-d incubation after fumigation was 22.5% that in non-fumigated control soils. Re-inoculation of the fumigated soil raised 14 C-maize decomposition to 77% that of the unfumigated control. A method was developed which varies the proportion of mineralized C from the unfumigated soil (UF C ) that is subtracted in calculating CFI biomasss C. The proportion subtracted (P) varies according to a linear function of the ratio of C mineralized in the fumigated (F C ) and unfumigated samples (F C /UF C ) with two parameters K 1 and K 2 (P = K 1 F C /UF C ) + K 2 ). These parameters were estimated by regression of CFI biomass C, calculated according to the equation MBC = (F C  − PUF C )/0.41, against that derived by direct microscopy in a series of California soils. Parameter values which gave the best estimate of microscopic biomass from the fumigation data were K 1  = 0.29 and K 2  = 0.23 (R 2  = 0.87). Substituting these parameter values, the equation can be simplified to MBC = 1.73F C  − 0.56UF C . The equation was applied to other CFI data to determine its effect on the measurement of MBC. The use of this approach corrected data that were previously difficult to interpret and helped to reveal temporal trends and changes in MBC associated with soil depth. Key words: Chloroform fumigation-incubation, soil microbial biomass, microscopically estimated biomass, carbon, control, 14 C
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-4271 , 1918-1841
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.4141/cjss96-057
    Language: English
    Publisher: Canadian Science Publishing
    Publication Date: 1996
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2017003-8
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 417254-1
    SSG: 13
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  • 10
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Comparative Diversity of Ammonia Oxidizer 16S rRNA Gene Sequences in Native, Tilled, and Successional Soils
    American Society for Microbiology ; 1999
    In:  Applied and Environmental Microbiology Vol. 65, No. 7 ( 1999-07), p. 2994-3000
    Details
    In: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, Vol. 65, No. 7 ( 1999-07), p. 2994-3000
    Abstract: Autotrophic ammonia oxidizer (AAO) populations in soils from native, tilled, and successional treatments at the Kellogg Biological Station Long-Term Ecological Research site in southwestern Michigan were compared to assess effects of disturbance on these bacteria. N fertilization effects on AAO populations were also evaluated with soils from fertilized microplots within the successional treatments. Population structures were characterized by PCR amplification of microbial community DNA with group-specific 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) primers, cloning of PCR products and clone hybridizations with group-specific probes, phylogenetic analysis of partial 16S rDNA sequences, and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis. Population sizes were estimated by using most-probable-number (MPN) media containing varied concentrations of ammonium sulfate. Tilled soils contained higher numbers than did native soils of culturable AAOs that were less sensitive to different ammonium concentrations in MPN media. Compared to sequences from native soils, partial 16S rDNA sequences from tilled soils were less diverse and grouped exclusively within Nitrosospira cluster 3. Native soils yielded sequences representing three different AAO clusters. Probes for Nitrosospira cluster 3 hybridized with DGGE blots from tilled and fertilized successional soils but not with blots from native or unfertilized successional soils. Hybridization results thus suggested a positive association between the Nitrosospira cluster 3 subgroup and soils amended with inorganic N. DGGE patterns for soils sampled from replicated plots of each treatment were nearly identical for tilled and native soils in both sampling years, indicating spatial and temporal reproducibility based on treatment.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0099-2240 , 1098-5336
    URL: Article
    DOI: 10.1128/AEM.65.7.2994-3000.1999
    RVK:
    WA 15000
    Language: English
    Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
    Publication Date: 1999
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 223011-2
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1478346-0
    SSG: 12
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