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  • 1
    In: Molecular Oncology, Wiley, Vol. 17, No. 8 ( 2023-08), p. 1492-1513
    Abstract: Snail1 is a transcriptional factor required for cancer‐associated fibroblast (CAF) activation, and mainly detected in CAFs in human tumors. In the mouse mammary tumor virus‐polyoma middle tumor‐antigen (MMTV‐PyMT) model of murine mammary gland tumors, Snai1 gene deletion, besides increasing tumor‐free lifespan, altered macrophage differentiation, with fewer expressing low levels of MHC class II. Snail1 was not expressed in macrophages, and in vitro polarization with interleukin‐4 (IL4) or interferon‐γ (IFNγ) was not altered by Snai1 gene depletion. We verified that CAF activation modified polarization of naïve bone‐marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMΦs). When BMDMΦs were incubated with Snail1‐expressing (active) CAFs or with conditioned medium derived from these cells, they exhibited a lower cytotoxic capability than when incubated with Snail1‐deleted (inactive) CAFs. Gene expression analysis of BMDMΦs polarized by conditioned medium from wild‐type or Snai1‐deleted CAFs revealed that active CAFs differentially stimulated a complex combination of genes comprising genes that are normally induced by IL4, downregulated by IFNγ, or not altered during the two canonical differentiations. Levels of RNAs relating to this CAF‐induced alternative polarization were sensitive to inhibitors of factors specifically released by active CAFs, such as prostaglandin E 2 and TGFβ. Finally, CAF‐polarized macrophages promoted the activation of the immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (T‐regs). Our results imply that an active CAF‐rich tumor microenvironment induces the polarization of macrophages to an immunosuppressive phenotype, preventing the macrophage cytotoxic activity on tumor cells and enhancing the activation of T‐reg cells.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1574-7891 , 1878-0261
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 2
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 82, No. 4_Supplement ( 2022-02-15), p. OT2-06-01-OT2-06-01
    Abstract: BACKGROUND: Metastatic breast cancer (mBC) remains an incurable disease and is the cause of nearly all deaths related to BC. Next-generation sequencing technologies are allowing the application of personalized targeted molecular therapies, thereby improving outcomes in breast cancer patients. However, they are not routinely used in the clinic and their cost could be a cause of disparity. One strategy to overcome the barriers of implementing NGS in the clinic is to promote the active participation of patients with mBC in the management of their disease and offering free access to these tests. With this in mind, we designed HOPE (SOLTI-1903), a Spanish real-world study where patients lead their inclusion, participation, and follow-up through a digital tool (DT) that guides them in every step of the journey. The ultimate objective of HOPE is to gather real-world data on the utilization of molecular information in the management of mBC and to empower these patients. TRIAL DESIGN: Patients diagnosed with locally advanced or mBC can be included. Basic demographic data, disease characteristics, treatment history and quality of life data are collected by patients through a DT. The study is complemented by a patient empowerment program including informative workshops and precision medicine video-tutorials. Patients are encouraged to involve their physicians in HOPE. A total of 600 patients will be included in Spain. PATIENT JOURNEY: Once patients request participation through the DT, a dedicated team in SOLTI assists them in the subsequent steps while validating that eligibility criteria are met according to patient-provided data. Then, patients receive instructions from SOLTI’s team to attend the nearest partner local laboratory, where they sign the study informed consent form. A metastatic (preferably) or primary archival tumor sample is requested from the patient’s reference hospital and analyzed by FoundationOne®CDx. Patients that are in progression or not receiving active systemic chemo- or radiotherapy undergo a blood draw to receive a Guardant360 analysis. These two NGS tests are offered to all patients, and the blood test is performed even if no tissue is available. The results from the molecular analyses are regularly reviewed by a Molecular Advisory Board (MAB). The MAB, based on its joint experience in clinical oncology, genomics, bioethics, and pathology, may add some advice to these reports via DT, making comments about detected molecular alterations and adding further recommendations for specific treatment options or available CT with targeted therapies and/or additional genetic tests such as germline validation of potentially significant findings. From that moment, patients are requested to record their disease evolution in the DT every 3 months for 2 years. The primary objective is to assess the real-world clinical practice integrating molecular profiling in the Standard of Care management of patients with mBC connected through a DT. Secondary objectives include to i) describe the genetic mutational profile of mBC, ii) estimate the enrollment rate in CT of patients engaged in a patient-centered strategy for molecular tumor assessment, iii) assessing Progression Free Survival, Overall Survival and Quality of Life status among patients enrolled in CT according to the tumor’s genomic profile and iv) evaluate the logistic feasibility of the study. Recruitment started on October 2020. By June 2021, 362 patients had been enrolled. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This study is sponsored by SOLTI and financially supported by Novartis and three non-profit organizations: Asociación Cáncer de Mama Metastásico, Asociación Saray and Fundación Actitud frente al Cáncer. Roche and Guardant Health provide their tests for all patients. Citation Format: Ana Casas, Eva Ciruelos, Mafalda Oliveira, Cristina Saura, Meritxell Bellet, Sonia Pernas, Joaquín Gavilá, Montserrat Muñoz, Maria Vidal, Blanca González-Farré, Juan M. Cejalvo, Rafael López, Ana Vivancos, Marcos Malumbres, Javier Salvador Bofill, Isabel Blancas, Emilio Alba, Valentina Boni, Susana De la Cruz, Elena Galve, Antonia Perelló, Mireia Margelí, Meritxell Soler, Rubén Olivera-Salguero, Helena Masanas, Rosa Olmos, Marga Forns, Pilar Fernández Pascual, Elia Seguí, Tomas Pascual, Aleix Prat. Solti-1903 HOPE: Real-world clinical practice study to assess the impact of using genomic data on the next treatment decision making-choice in patients with locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer in Spain [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-06-01.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2022
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  • 3
    In: Frontiers in Oncology, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 13 ( 2023-4-28)
    Abstract: Metastatic breast cancer (mBC) causes nearly all BC-related deaths. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies allow for the application of personalized medicine using targeted therapies that could improve patients’ outcomes. However, NGS is not routinely used in the clinical practice and its cost induces access-inequity among patients. We hypothesized that promoting active patient participation in the management of their disease offering access to NGS testing and to the subsequent medical interpretation and recommendations provided by a multidisciplinary molecular advisory board (MAB) could contribute to progressively overcome this challenge. We designed HOPE (SOLTI-1903) breast cancer trial, a study where patients voluntarily lead their inclusion through a digital tool (DT). The main objectives of HOPE study are to empower mBC patients, gather real-world data on the use of molecular information in the management of mBC and to generate evidence to assess the clinical utility for healthcare systems. Trial design After self-registration through the DT, the study team validates eligibility criteria and assists patients with mBC in the subsequent steps. Patients get access to the information sheet and sign the informed consent form through an advanced digital signature. Afterwards, they provide the most recent (preferably) metastatic archival tumor sample for DNA-sequencing and a blood sample obtained at the time of disease progression for ctDNA analysis. Paired results are reviewed by the MAB, considering patient’s medical history. The MAB provides a further interpretation of molecular results and potential treatment recommendations, including ongoing clinical trials and further (germline) genetic testing. Participants self-document their treatment and disease evolution for the next 2 years. Patients are encouraged to involve their physicians in the study. HOPE also includes a patient empowerment program with educational workshops and videos about mBC and precision medicine in oncology. The primary endpoint of the study was to describe the feasibility of a patient-centric precision oncology program in mBC patients when a comprehensive genomic profile is available to decide on a subsequent line of treatment. Clinical trial registration www.soltihope.com , identifier NCT04497285.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2234-943X
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2023
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  • 4
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 76, No. 21 ( 2016-11-01), p. 6205-6217
    Abstract: Snail1 transcriptional factor is essential for triggering epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inducing tumor cell invasion. We report here an EMT-independent action of Snail1 on tumor invasion, as it is required for the activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). Snail1 expression in fibroblasts requires signals derived from tumor cells, such as TGFβ; reciprocally, in fibroblasts, Snail1 organizes a complex program that stimulates invasion of epithelial cells independent of the expression of Snail1 in these cells. Epithelial cell invasion is stimulated by the secretion by fibroblast of diffusible signaling molecules, such as prostaglandin E2. The capability of human or murine CAFs to promote tumor invasion is dependent on Snail1 expression. Inducible Snail1 depletion in mice decreases the invasion of breast tumors; moreover, epithelial tumor cells coxenografted with Snail1-depleted fibroblasts originated tumors with lower invasion than those transplanted with control fibroblasts. Therefore, these results demonstrate that the role of Snail1 in tumor invasion is not limited to EMT, but it is also dependent on its activity in stromal fibroblasts, where it orchestrates the cross-talk with epithelial tumor cells. Cancer Res; 76(21); 6205–17. ©2016 AACR.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2016
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  • 5
    In: Cancer Research, American Association for Cancer Research (AACR), Vol. 79, No. 1 ( 2019-01-01), p. 33-46
    Abstract: In cancer cells, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is controlled by Snail1, a transcriptional factor also required for the activation of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF). Snail1 is short-lived in normal epithelial cells as a consequence of its coordinated and continuous ubiquitination by several F-box–specific E3 ligases, but its degradation is prevented in cancer cells and in activated fibroblasts. Here, we performed an siRNA screen and identified USP27X as a deubiquitinase that increases Snail1 stability. Expression of USP27X in breast and pancreatic cancer cell lines and tumors positively correlated with Snail1 expression levels. Accordingly, downregulation of USP27X decreased Snail1 protein in several tumor cell lines. USP27X depletion impaired Snail1-dependent cell migration and invasion and metastasis formation and increased cellular sensitivity to cisplatin. USP27X was upregulated by TGFβ during EMT and was required for TGFβ-induced expression of Snail1 and other mesenchymal markers in epithelial cells and CAF. In agreement with this, depletion of USP27X prevented TGFβ-induced EMT and fibroblast activation. Collectively, these results indicate that USP27X is an essential protein controlling Snail1 expression and function and may serve as a target for inhibition of Snail1-dependent tumoral invasion and chemoresistance. Significance: These findings show that inhibition of USP27X destabilizes Snail1 to impair EMT and renders tumor cells sensitive to chemotherapy, thus opening new strategies for the inhibition of Snail1 expression and its protumoral actions.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0008-5472 , 1538-7445
    RVK:
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    Language: English
    Publisher: American Association for Cancer Research (AACR)
    Publication Date: 2019
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    detail.hit.zdb_id: 410466-3
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  • 6
    In: Molecular Cancer, Springer Science and Business Media LLC, Vol. 17, No. 1 ( 2018-12)
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 1476-4598
    Language: English
    Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
    Publication Date: 2018
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2091373-4
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