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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Frontiers Media SA ; 2021
    In:  Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution Vol. 9 ( 2021-2-23)
    In: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Frontiers Media SA, Vol. 9 ( 2021-2-23)
    Abstract: Climate change is generating both sustained trends in average temperatures and higher frequency and intensity of extreme events. This poses a serious threat to biodiversity, especially in vulnerable environments, like alpine systems. Phenotypic plasticity is considered to be an adaptive mechanism to cope with climate change in situ , yet studies of the plastic responses of alpine plants to high temperature stress are scarce. Future weather extremes will occur against a background of warmer temperatures, but we do not know whether acclimation to warmer average temperatures confers tolerance to extreme heatwaves. Nor do we know whether populations on an elevational gradient differ in their tolerance or plasticity in response to warming and heatwave events. We investigated the responses of a suite of functional traits of an endemic Australian alpine herb, Wahlenbergia ceracea , to combinations of predicted future (warmer) temperatures and (relative) heatwaves. We also tested whether responses differed between high- vs. low-elevation populations. When grown under warmer temperatures, W. ceracea plants showed signs of acclimation by means of higher thermal tolerance ( T crit , T 50 , and T max ). They also invested more in flower production, despite showing a concurrent reduction in photosynthetic efficiency ( F v / F m ) and suppression of seed production. Heatwaves reduced both photosynthetic efficiency and longevity. However, we found no evidence that acclimation to warmer temperatures conferred tolerance of the photosynthetic machinery to heatwaves. Instead, when exposed to heatwaves following warmer growth temperatures, plants had lower photosynthetic efficiency and underwent a severe reduction in seed production. High- and low-elevation populations and families exhibited limited genetic variation in trait means and plasticity in response to temperature. We conclude that W. ceracea shows some capacity to acclimate to warming conditions but there is no evidence that tolerance of warmer temperatures confers any resilience to heatwaves.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 2296-701X
    Language: Unknown
    Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2745634-1
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  • 2
    In: Journal of Ecology, Wiley, Vol. 111, No. 1 ( 2023-01), p. 62-76
    Abstract: Il cambiamento climatico potrebbe influenzare diversi aspetti legati al life history delle piante, tra cui fattori importanti come la germinazione ed il compromesso chiave tra dimensioni e quantità. Come caso di studio per analizzare queste idee abbiamo utilizzato una pianta alpina ( Wahlenbergia ceracea ; Campanulaceae) che mostra plasticità fenotipica in risposta a temperature elevate in tratti dei semi ed in cui la dormienza dei semi ne regola la germinazione. Abbiamo scelto una specie alpina perchè quelli alpini sono ecosistemi particolarmente a rischio col cambiamento climatico. Abbiamo condotto test di germinazione a temperature fredde e calde utilizzando semi che erano stati prodotti da individui coltivati a temperature più fredde e più calde. Abbiamo valutato la presenza di un compromesso tra dimensione e quantità dei semi, e quindi abbiamo esaminato gli effetti di questi due fattori sulle percentuali di germinazione, di semi dormienti e di semi vitali e sulla velocità di germinazione. Inoltre abbiamo esaminato se il riscaldamento durante la crescita dei genitori e durante la germinazione possa influenzare tutte queste relazioni. Abbiamo trovato prove del compromesso tra dimensione e quantità dei semi solo quando le piante parentali erano state coltivate a temperature più fredde. Infatti, quando le piante parentali erano state coltivate a temperature più calde, queste producevano semi più piccoli ed in minor quantità e non c'era quindi alcuna prova del compromesso. Tuttavia, le riduzioni delle dimensioni e quantità dei semi a temperature più calde non ne hanno influenzato la germinazione, nonostante ci fossero delle correlazioni tra questi due tratti e le risposte germinative. Le temperature più calde hanno stimolato la germinazione, in particolare dei semi più grandi, ma nel complesso hanno comportato una riduzione di oltre quattro volte della fitness delle piante parentali. Sintesi . Il nostro studio mostra l'importanza delle condizioni di crescita quando si valuta il compromesso tra dimensione e quantità dei semi. Condizioni stressanti, come temperature più calde, possono limitare la capacità delle piante di raggiungere un investimento ottimale nella riproduzione, mascherando il compromesso. Analizzando le risposte durante l'intero ciclo vitale delle piante, nel complessivo mostriamo qui un effetto dannoso del riscaldamento, evidenziando come il cambiamento climatico eserciti un potenziale rischio per W. ceracea e, virtualmente, per le comunità vegetali alpine più in generale.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0022-0477 , 1365-2745
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2023
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 3023-5
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 2004136-6
    SSG: 12
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  • 3
    In: New Phytologist, Wiley, Vol. 229, No. 5 ( 2021-03), p. 2497-2513
    Abstract: Understanding plant thermal tolerance is fundamental to predicting impacts of extreme temperature events that are increasing in frequency and intensity across the globe. Extremes, not averages, drive species evolution, determine survival and increase crop performance. To better prioritize agricultural and natural systems research, it is crucial to evaluate how researchers are assessing the capacity of plants to tolerate extreme events. We conducted a systematic review to determine how plant thermal tolerance research is distributed across wild and domesticated plants, growth forms and biomes, and to identify crucial knowledge gaps. Our review shows that most thermal tolerance research examines cold tolerance of cultivated species; c.  5% of articles consider both heat and cold tolerance. Plants of extreme environments are understudied, and techniques widely applied in cultivated systems are largely unused in natural systems. Lastly, we find that lack of standardized methods and metrics compromises the potential for mechanistic insight. Our review provides an entry point for those new to the methods used in plant thermal tolerance research and bridges often disparate ecological and agricultural perspectives for the more experienced. We present a considered agenda of thermal tolerance research priorities to stimulate efficient, reliable and repeatable research across the spectrum of plant thermal tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    ISSN: 0028-646X , 1469-8137
    URL: Issue
    Language: English
    Publisher: Wiley
    Publication Date: 2021
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 208885-X
    detail.hit.zdb_id: 1472194-6
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